A Case of Myeloproliferative Neoplasm with Eosinophilia Associated with PCM1-JAK2 Rearrangement

Introduction: The PCM1-JAK2 rearrangement is generated through the t(8; 9)(p22; p24) translocation event. The myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia (MLN-eo) with PCM1-JAK2 rearrangement is the common types of MLN-eo with tyrosine kinase fusion genes (MLN-Eo-tk). MLN-Eo with PCM1-JAK2 rearrangement is a rare disease with a poor prognosis and no unified treatment guidelines. The response of disease to ruxolitinib may be transient and it may only serve as a temporary treatment prior to transplantation. Case Presentation: We report 1 patient diagnosed with MLN-Eo with PCM1-JAK2 rearrangement who exhibited resistance to ruxolitinib, subsequently received pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) and lenalidomide. The Peg-IFN was discontinued due to adverse effects; the patient has been receiving lenalidomide monotherapy for a duration exceeding 2 years, achieving complete hematologic remission and molecular response, significant amelioration of symptoms, as well as regression of hepatosplenomegaly. Conclusion: A case of MLN-Eo with PCM1-JAK2 rearrangement underwent continuous oral lenalidomide monotherapy for over 2 years. The patient achieved complete hematologic remission and molecular response during the long-term follow-up; however, a complete molecular remission was not attained. The underlying mechanism of lenalidomide in these diseases necessitates further comprehensive investigation through fundamental research and clinical trials

Image_1_Neuroprotective Effects and Hepatorenal Toxicity of Angong Niuhuang Wan Against Ischemia–Reperfusion Brain Injury in Rats.pdf

Angong Niuhuang Wan (AGNHW) is a classic prescription in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used for stroke treatment, but its efficacies remain to be confirmed. With its arsenic- and mercury-containing materials, the application of AGNHW raises great safety concerns. Herein, we aim to explore the neuropharmacological effects against cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury and evaluate the toxicological effects of AGNHW for better use. Male SD rats were subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and following 22 h of reperfusion. AGNHW (257 mg/kg, 1× AGNHW) were orally administered for pharmacological effects and 257, 514, and 1,028 mg/kg (equivalent to 1×, 2×, 4× AGNHW) were used for the toxicological study. The results revealed that AGNHW treatment reduced the infarct size and protected the blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity in the MCAO rat ischemic stroke model. AGNHW treatment up-regulated bcl-2 expression and down-regulated the expressions of Bax, p47phox, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), and inhibited the expressions and activities of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, and reserved tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and claudin-5 in the ischemic brains. These results indicated that the neuroprotective mechanisms of AGNHW could be associated with its antioxidant properties by inhibiting oxidative/nitrative stress-mediated MMP activation and protecting tight junction proteins in the ischemic brains. Administration of 1× AGNHW for 7 days would not induce the accumulation of mercury in blood, liver, and kidney at day 14. Administration of 2× AGNHW and 4× AGNHW for 7 days increased the level of mercury in the kidney. For arsenic level, administration of 1× AGNHW for 7 days would increase the level of arsenic in the liver and blood without increase of arsenic in the kidney at day 14. Administration of 2× AGNHW and 4× AGNHW for 7 days would further increase the level of arsenic in the liver and blood. There is no influence on body weight, organ index, histological structures, and renal and liver functions. These results suggest that short-term treatment of AGNHW within 1 week should be safe and has neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury.</p

Strong Spatial Confinement of Terahertz Wave inside Femtosecond Laser Filament

National Basic Research Program of China [2014CB339802, 2014CB339806]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [11574160]; Major National Development Project of Scientific Instrument and Equipment [2012YQ150092, 2012YQ14000504]; Tianjin Research Program of Application Foundation and Advanced Technology [15JCZDJC31700]; Shanghai Subject Chief Scientist [14XD1403000]; Shanghai Basic Research Key Project [14DZ1206600]; State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM)In this paper, a new experimental phenomenon is demonstrated. During the femtosecond laser filamentation, the generated terahertz (THz) pulse has been found to be strongly confined inside the plasma channel, reaching a spatial diameter of a few tens of micrometers. It has been attributed to the formation of a plasma negative dielectric waveguide induced by the transverse inhomogeneous plasma density distribution. The new experimental phenomenon will renew the understanding of the THz wave generation and propagation dynamics during the femtosecond laser and air plasma interaction. Due to this strong spatial confinement, THz electric field strength could be enhanced by orders of magnitude, potentially providing a new approach to performing THz nonlinear optics with low laser energy