小蒼蘭球莖打破休眠及花期調節之研究

小蒼蘭在歐美、日本各國均為重要的切花作物。在本省栽培時，由於產期集中，且花 莖過短，所以不符合切花市場要求切花價格亦低。本研究目的，首先布探討打破小蒼 蘭球莖休眠的最有效方法，使可提早生長，分散產期。其次在瞭解小蒼蘭之開花習性 ，以低溫冷藏配合栽培環境使提早開花並提高切花品質以配合市場需求，進而發展全 套小蒼蘭在台灣生產切花的栽培體系。 試驗結果顯示，在打破球莖休眠方面，乙烯、燻煙及BA＋BA處理有仗球莖提早萌芽的 現象，其中又以乙烯處理效果最顯著。而高溫、Ethre １及BA＋NAA 處理對球莖萌芽 的效果較差。在乾、濕兩法對球莖萌芽之影響以濕藏法效果較佳。 在提早開花方面，低溫有利於花芽之分化，在５℃冷藏３、２及１個月和無冷荿比較 ，則冷藏時間愈長其開花愈早，而以無冷藏者開花最晚。但花莖長及花朵數則以５℃ 下冷藏１個月者最佳。 對切花品質而言，低溫有利於小蒼蘭的花芽分化及發育，花芽發育期如遇高溫則會導 致畸型花之產生，且花莖過短不利於切花市場之要求。所以要提早產期及提高品質除 了以低溫促進花芽分化外，栽種基的溫度以２０℃以下較為理想

Study on Breaking Dormancy and Forcing Culture of Freesia x Hybrida L.H. Bailey

前言 材料及方法 結果 討論 中文摘要(中) 英文摘要(中) 參考文

Mutation Breeding of Poinsettia via γ-ray Irradiation

本研究著眼於以聖誕紅之不同材料，利用不同γ射線劑量及不同照射處理方式，探討對其組織、苞片外觀及內部組成之誘變效應，藉以了解輻射照射之作用原理，俾對聖誕紅之誘變育種效率有所提升。 試驗利用γ射線照射聖誕紅的插穗、發根苗及成株，期能誘發變異，以育成新品種。對變異率而言，以‘Peterstar’插穗在扦插前先行25 Gy照射，經4週發根完全後再行25 Gy照射，變異率可達6.7 ％。利用與對照組之相對生長速率為判別γ射線處理的適當方法，發現造成33-37 ﹪相對生長速率的方法最適宜。經鉛板保護之50 Gy處理組，其變異率為8.3 ﹪，若定植後立即以50 ppm 之Promalin（GA＋BA）處理，則可增加到18.7﹪。 經組織解剖觀察，紅色（red）株其色素之分佈均位於上下表皮層。粉色（pink）變異株，其色素之分佈也均位於上下表皮層，但顏色明顯較紅色者為淡。紅底粉色散斑點（jingle）變異株，其色素之分佈也均位於上下表皮層，但色素在表皮細胞之分佈則顯現不規則之紅色及粉色。白底粉色塊狀斑（marble）變異株，其色素之分佈在白色之部分則均無色素之顯現，但在粉色斑部分則色素可見於上下表皮層，也可見於中間之海綿細胞層。白色變異株則不論縱切片或表皮撕裂剝離觀察均無色素之發現。 以苞片中之色素行花青素組成之HPLC定性分析，結果得知，主要有5種anthocyanins，分別為Cyanidin 3-galactoside，Cyanidin 3-glucoside，Cyanidin 3-rutinoside，Pelargonidin 3-glucoside及Pelargonidin 3-rutinoside。8種flavonols，分別為Kaempferol與Quercetin之3-galactoside、3-glucoside、3-rutinoside、rhamnosylgalactoside 等各4種配醣體。 以5個聖誕紅品種與11個經γ-射線照射後所篩選出之優良誘變後裔共16品種及品系，利用RAPD標誌分析探討其親緣關係之研究。以Operon 40組逢機引子進行RAPD試驗結果可篩選得到24組具多型性的引子，共有152個多型性條帶，並以其進行未加權算術平均法（UPGMA）之綜合群集分析求得親緣關係樹狀圖。結果顯示來自同一親本之誘變後裔與親本歸同一群，五個親本分別獨立區分為五群，不同親本之誘變後裔雖花色相同，但並未歸為同一群。The objective of this study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of tissue, out looking characteristic, and inside physiology of irradiated plant under different materials, different γ-ray dosage, and different methods forγ-ray irradiation treatments to understanding the mechanism of the response of γ-ray irradiation, and increased the efficiency of mutation breeding of poinsettia. This study investigated γ-ray irradiation on the unrooted, rooted cutting or potted plants to induce mutants for poinsettia breeding. Cuttings were irradiated at 25 Gy before inserting and cutting and re-irradiated 4 weeks after, the mutation rate increased to 6.7 ％. To be sure a suitable γ-ray irradiation, it was found that when irradiation decreased the relative growth rate 33-37 ％ it was suitable dosage. Under the leaden plate protection, the mutation increased to 8.3 ﹪. Irradiated cuttings potted and sprayed Promalin at 50 ppm at mean while the mutation increased to 18.7 ﹪. Through anatomical observation, pigments of ‘Peterstar Red’ and ‘Freedom Red’ were only found in cells of upper and lower epidermis of bract. In pink mutant pigments only found in the upper and lower epidermis but lighter than the red ones. In jingle mutant red and pink pigments were sputtered in the upper and lower epidermis of bract. In marble mutant, pink pigment were found in pink part only of the bract, in cling epidermis and sponge cells of bract. In white mutant no pigment were found in bract. Through the HPLC analysis, there were 5 anthocyanins in poinsettia, including Cyanidin 3-galactoside, Cyanidin 3-glucoside, Cyanidin 3-rutinoside, Pelargonidin 3-glucoside and Pelargonidin 3-rutinoside.There were 8 flavonols in poinsettia, including Kaempferol and Quercetin with each had 4 glycoside including 3-galactoside、3-glucoside、3-rutinoside and rhamnosylgalactoside. To identify of poinsettia cultivars and mutants and to estimation genetic relationships among them, five poinsettia cultivars and eleven mutants were evaluated and compared by using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular markers. There were 152 polymorphic bands produced by 24 selected Operon random primers using RAPD. Results of a UPGMA cluster analysis indicate that the five cultivars and eleven mutants were divided into five groups.第一章 聖誕紅品種演進及育種方法 第二章 珈瑪（γ）射線照射對聖誕紅生長之影響 第三章 利用鉛板保護和Promalin改善放射線育種方法 第四章 聖誕紅的花色變異 第五章 聖誕紅親代與誘變後裔利用RAPD標誌分析其遺傳差異 第六章 綜合結

Effect of r-ray on the Growth of Poinsettia

以γ-射線照射聖誕紅的插穗、發根苗及盆苗，期能誘發雙異，育成新品種。試驗使用'Peterstar'打發根苗為材料，處理γ射線0、25、35、45、50及l00格雷(Gy)劑量之結果顯示，隨劑量增加而使根部之傷害嚴重，株高之生長抑制也愈明顯，超過45Gy則植株均不能成活。其中以25Gy劑量照射者變異率為3.5%，而35Gy劑量照射者變異率為2.3%。另以'Peterstar'插穗先行25Gy照射，經扦插4週發根完全後再行25Gy照射，則變異率增為6.7%。而''Peterstar'發根苗上盆後以25Gy劑量照射一次，間隔3週再行25Gy劑量處理之分次累積照射時，其變異率可達4.3%。以對照組生長速率為100%，比較經γ-射線處理的植株的生長，發現相對生長速率為33-37%時變異率最高。不同品種聖誕紅經γ射線照射後之當代側枝變異率，'Peterstar'或'Freedom'分別為5.4%或7.3%之間，而'Lilo'及'Supjibi'品種則沒有變異產生。花色變異'Freedom'佔51.3%，而'Peterstar'佔28.6%。This study γ-ray irradiated on the unrooted, rooted cutting or potted p;ants to induce mutants for poinsettia breeding. The rootrf 'Peterstar' cuttings were treated with γ-ray at 0, 25, 35, 45, 50 and 100 Gy. The higher γ-ray irradiated the more damage was on the root, as well the more inhibition was on the shoot growth. There was no survival when the dose was over 45 Gy. Rooted 'Peterstar' treated with 25 Gy was induced 3.5% mutatioon and treated at 35 Gy was induced 2.3% mutation. Cuttings were irradiated at 25 Gy before inserting and cutting and re-irradiated 4 weeks after, the growth rate was 37.7% and the mutation rate increased to 6.7%. Potted poinsettia of 'Peterstar' irradiated γ-ray at 25 Gy and re-irradiated again 3 weeks later, the growth rate was 33.1% but the mutation rate was 4.3%. They were better than once irradiation decreased the relative growth rate 33-37% it was suitable dosage. Poinsettia of ;Peterstar' or 'Freedom' treated with γ-ray the mutantion types of bract color was 28.6 or 51.3% in the total mutants of 'Peterstar' or 'Freedom' , respectively