Study on the photochemical reaction of manganese in seawater

对海水中锰的光化学反应及其影响因素进行了研究.实验结果表明,锰的光化学反应主要通过有机物为媒介进行,反应液中加入的有机物种类和浓度的改变会导致锰的光化学反应速率的改变.增加光强,有利于锰的光还原反应的进行.降低体系的pH值,可提高锰的光反应速率.锰在不同介质中光反应速率从大到小的顺序为:去离子水、人工海水、天然海水.此外,搅拌有利于锰的光反应的进行,但在体系分布已达均匀的前提下,搅拌速率的大小对锰的光反应速率几乎无影响.研究表明,通过光化学反应,海水中的锰会由四价的颗粒态转化为二价的可溶态,从而有利于浮游植物的吸收和生长.The photochemical reaction of manganese in seawater and its influencing factors were studied.The result indicated that the photochemical reduction of manganese occurred mainly via dissolved organic substances.The changes in the kinds as well as concentrations of organic substances could change the photoreaction rate of manganese in the solution.The increase in light intensity would be propitious to the photoreduction reaction of manganese.The decrease in the pH value of system could enhance the photoreaction rate of manganese.The photoreaction rates of manganese in different media were in the following sequence: deioned water > artificial seawater > natural seawater.Furthermore,the stirring action was necessary for the occurrence of the photoreaction of manganese.However,change in the stirring rate would produce little effect on the photoreaction rate of manganese after the system reached the even state.Our study showed that the photoreductive reaction of manganese in seawater could enhance the biological uptake of dissolved Mn(II) and promote the algal growth.国家自然科学基金项目(40176023);; 教育部科学技术研究重点项目(105105);; 教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-04-0643);; 山东省“泰山学者”建设工程专项经费(JS200510016)资

克拉玛依油田浅层稠油加密开发示范工程

该项目在石油地质、油藏工程、采油工艺、钻井工艺、地面建设工程、经济评价等诸多方面进行了大量深入细致的研究工作。九区齐古组属浅层稠油油藏，含油砂体变化大，原油粘度高，加密开发难度及风险大，为此，在加密开发方案研究过程中，将油藏工程和数值模拟研究工作提前介入，应用油藏工程和油藏地质研究的基本方法和室内试验研究方法，结合Earthvision、Stratlon、Ges、Therm油藏描述及数值模拟软件等先进技术手段。整个研究着眼于油藏整体，建立有代表性的数学地质模型，研究制订加密开发合理技术经济界限，优化方案设计。通过加密实施，不仅加密井生产效果良好，而且有效的抑制了老井的综合递减

Research Progress and Prospect of Sediment Environment and Pollution Control in China in Recent 20 Years

Inland water bodies(lakes,reservoirs,swamps,rivers)and estuarine oceans are widely and continuously distributed with sediments,which are affected by natural and human activities in the process of their formation,and have environmental significance and characteristics related to pollutants. There are great regional differences in China,and the environmental problems are more prominent. After decades of research on sediment environment and pollution control,the relevant achievements in China continue to emerge. This paper first introduces some international landmark studies on sediment environment and reviews the development of sediment research in China in the past 70 years.Then,the main research progress of China in the research fields of sediment environment and pollution control in recent 20 years are systematically summarized,which are the role and effect of sediment in water environment,environmental behavior and influencing factors of pollutants at sediment-water interface,ecological risk and quality criteria of sediments,in-situ remediation of contaminated sediments,environmental dredging and ex-situ disposal as well utilization of contaminated sediments. And the relationship and difference of some research results are reviewed. At the end of the paper,the existing problems of sediment environmental research in China are analyzed,and several scientific and technical problems that need to be studied urgently and deeply,such as interdisciplinary,composite pollution,emerging/non-traditional pollutants, quality criteria, and governance technology innovation, are put forward. The solutions and approaches are proposed,and the prospects are also given

近70年来中国自然地理与生存环境基础研究的重要进展与展望

自然环境是人类赖以生存和发展的基础,探索自然环境及其各要素(如地貌、气候、水文、土壤等)的特征、演变过程、地域分异规律以及驱动机制是自然地理学的重点研究内容.中国自然地理要素类型丰富且区域差异较大,为开展自然地理研究提供了难得的机遇.文章主要围绕青藏高原隆升与亚洲内陆干旱化及河流发育、高原冰冻圈环境演化、全新世多时间尺度季风与西风气候变化、湖泊与湿地、流域模型与土壤侵蚀、过去人-地关系演化、生物地理及中国三维地带性规律等几个方面,梳理了近70年来中国自然地理与生存环境研究的重大理论进展与重要贡献.在简要交代国际前沿研究进展的基础上,回顾并梳理了中国自然地理学各分支领域的研究脉络,进一步聚焦重大研究成果或具有较大争议、重大影响的学术争鸣问题,归纳目前研究现状,并进行未来工作展望.最后提出在推进生态文明建设的国家需求下,应发挥中国自然地理研究的优势,厘清自然地理要素变化的过程、规律与机制,持续推进中国自然地理研究为国家战略服务,在全球视野下做出具有中国特色的自然地理学理论贡献

云南鲁甸6.5级地震灾害特点浅析/Hazard Analysis on the Characteristics of the M6.5 Ludian Earthquake[J]

通过对2014年8月3日云南鲁甸6.5级地震震害开展实地调查,对灾区破坏情况进行总体介绍,并就各烈度区特征和建筑物震害、地震地质灾害、工程结构震害进行分析,初步得出本次地震的一些震害特点.一是灾区人口密度大,人员死亡较集中.人员死亡主要集中在Ⅷ和Ⅸ度区.二是地震振动强,灾区破坏严重.本次地震震源深度12km,极震区烈度高达Ⅸ度,震源破裂在11s内集中释放.三是抗震能力弱,房屋破坏严重.灾区属国家级贫困区,农村民居抗震能力弱,且多数民房坐落在河谷陡坡上,边坡效应加重房屋震害,重灾区砖木和土木房屋成片损毁、倒塌.四是灾区条件恶劣,救灾难度大.震区活动断裂密集发育、地质破碎疏松、地形崎岖不平,又恰值雨季,诱发极其严重次生地质灾害,导致人员伤亡,造成灾区大面积交通、通信、电力中断,救援物资与救援力量无法及时发挥作用