法治对国家治理现代化的硬规制、软约束与矫治功能探析

法治路径是国家治理现代化的基石,国家治理现代化是形式法治向实质法治转变的有力保障。国家治理现代化法治路径建构包括两个层面:国家治理体系现代化和国家治理能力现代化。硬法(正式制度)与软法(非正式制度)的协同治理是国家治理体系现代化法治路径的必然要求,执行制度是国家治理能力现代化法治路径的典型体现。硬法、软法、执行制度三位一体的法治体系共同组成了国家治理现代化法治路径的有机整体。福建省社会科学规划重点项目“国家治理体系和治理能力现代化研究”(项目编号:2014A004)的阶段性成

国家治理现代化进程中的政治安全风险研究

政治安全是国家安全的重要组成部分。国家治理现代化进程中的政治安全风险具有多样性和复杂性的表征,表现为信息安全风险、环境安全风险、反恐安全风险、公共安全风险和政治认同风险。社会结构变迁脱节、产业结构调整滞后、民族分裂势力抬头、利益分配机制不完善、多元意识形态冲击等构成了政治安全风险产生的诱因。政治安全风险直接威胁着国家政治稳定、经济发展、社会秩序、民族团结和政府信任,针对政治安全风险的不同表现和产生诱因,采取措施规制政治安全风险是国家治理现代化进程的必然要求。福建省社会科学研究基地重大项目“地方政府购买公共服务的机制设计与实践应用”(2014JDZ006);项目负责人:黄新华; 福建省社会科学规划重点项目“国家治理体系和治理能力现代化研究”(2014A004);项目负责人:黄新

财政压力、税收转移与增值税分成机制探索

在生产地原则下,增值税税收存在由消费地向征收地转移的现象。本文采用空间动态面板模型,从人口负担、社会性支出负担和财政自给率三个角度对财政压力与增值税税收转移的关系进行检验。研究表明,在现有征收模式下,我国增值税税收由财政压力大的地区向财政压力相对较小的地区转移,形成了税收收入的\"马太效应\"。其中,社会性支出负担对税收转入存在负向强化,财政自给率对税收转入存在正向强化。进一步研究发现,以人口为分成基数的方案不仅更符合流转税在流通中征收的性质、更符合税收\"中性\"的要求,也更有利于地区间财政压力的分担和区域的协调发展

Large-eddy simulation of flows past a flapping airfoil using immersed boundary method

The numerical simulation of flows past flapping foils at moderate Reynolds numbers presents two challenges to computational fluid dynamics: turbulent flows and moving boundaries. The direct forcing immersed boundary (IB) method has been developed to simulate laminar flows. However, its performance in simulating turbulent flows and transitional flows with moving boundaries has not been fully evaluated. In the present work, we use the IB method to simulate fully developed turbulent channel flows and transitional flows past a stationary/plunging SD7003 airfoil. To suppress the non-physical force oscillations in the plunging case, we use the smoothed discrete delta function for interpolation in the IB method. The results of the present work demonstrate that the IB method can be used to simulate turbulent flows and transitional flows with moving boundaries

基于合约治理的政府购买公共服务研究

合约治理是一种新型的政府治理方式。政府购买公共服务的本质是一种合约关系,合约是指在交易过程中,交易双方自愿、平等达成的协定。但是在不对称信息和有限理性条件下,交易双方存在着可能的机会主义倾向,合约治理因此至关重要。基于合约治理的政府购买公共服务研究必须在厘清什么是合约和合约治理的基础上,阐明合约治理在政府购买公共服务中的作用,分析政府购买公共服务中和合约治理可能存在的问题。厦门大学哲学社会科学繁荣计划项目“公共服务质量研究”(项目编号:2013-2017); 福建省社科研究基地重大项目“地方政府购买公共服务的机制设计与实践应用”(项目编号:2014JDZ006); 教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“分类推进事业单位改革实施战略研究”(项目编号:12JZD024)的研究成

Model-free identification for nonlinear properties of rubber-bearings in base-isolated buildings

基底隔震建筑结构的抗震性能高度依赖于橡胶支座隔震系统的非线性特性。提出一种基于数据的方法,仅利用量测现役结构的部分加速度动力响应和作用在结构基底的激励,在不需要橡胶支座隔震系统数学模型的情况下,识别出橡胶支座隔震系统的非线性特性。首先,在微弱基底激励作用下,基于扩展卡尔曼预测估计算法识别出结构的物理参数,包括橡胶支座的线性刚度和阻尼。然后,在强基底激励作用下,将橡胶支座出现的非线性视为作用于结构的“附加未知虚拟外力“,通过依次对结构响应进行卡尔曼预测估计和对“附加未知虚拟外力“的最小二乘识别,可以识别橡胶支座的非线性力。数值算例结果表明,提出的方法可以识别出橡胶支座的非线性特性,并具有良好的精度。Aseismic behavior of base-isolated structures is highly dependent on nonlinear properties of their rubberbearing isolated system.Here,a data-based method using only partial measurements of structural dynamic response and excitation was proposed to identify the nonlinear property of the rubber-bearing isolated system without its mathematical model.Firstly,structural parameters including the linear stiffness and damping of the rubber-bearing under a minor earthquake were identified based on the extended Kalman estimator approach.Then,the nonlinear effect of the rubberbearing was treated as an additional unknown fictitious loading exerted on the building under a severe earthquake.With sequential application of Kalman estimator method in the structural responses and the least-square estimation of the additional unknown fictitious loading,the nonlinear property of the rubber-bearing was identified.Numerical simulation results demonstrated that the proposed method is capable of identifying nonlinear property of a rubber-bearing isolated system with good accuracy.国家自然科学基金课题(51178406); 同济大学土木工程防灾国家重点实验室开放课题(SLDRCE10-MB-01)资

氧化石墨烯/碱式硫酸铝掺杂聚醚砜/聚酰胺复合纳滤膜的制备及其性能

先由氧化石墨烯（GO）、硫酸铝和尿素通过水热法制得氧化石墨烯/碱式硫酸铝（GO-BAS）复合物,继与哌嗪（PIP）溶液共混作为水相;均苯三甲酰氯（TMC）溶于正己烷作为有机相;采用界面聚合法使两相单体在聚醚砜（PES）基膜表面形成聚酰胺（PA）功能层,制得氧化石墨烯/碱式硫酸铝复合物掺杂的聚醚砜/聚酰胺（PES-PA-GO-BAS）复合纳滤平板膜,并在较低的工作压力（0.3 MPa）下对其进行性能研究。其对无机盐溶液的截留率依次为:Na——2SO4（91.08%）>MgSO4（83.42%）>MgCl——2（68.97%）>NaCl（17.62%）;纯水通量可达24.19 L·m-2·h-1,较之聚酰胺纳滤膜提高了近60%,且具备良好的稳定性和耐碱性

Prevention of barnacles on planted Rhizophora stylosa Griff seedlings with pesticide malathion and related eco-physiological effects

设置4种施药频度(3、7、14和28d)和马拉硫磷4种浓度(分别为原农药浓度45%的1/200、1/400、1/600和1/800)处理,在初植红海榄(Rhizophora stylosa Griff)幼苗上开展了1年防治藤壶试验。结果表明:随施药浓度和频度提高,处理组幼苗上藤壶生物量显著降低,且所有处理组均显著低于对照组(P<0.001);红海榄茎生物量和高度对施药浓度和频度不表现规律性反应;同一浓度的28d频度处理组幼苗的叶和根生物量及叶面积均低于其他频度处理组;在同一浓度下,施药频度越高叶数保持越多;3、7和14d频度处理组幼苗死亡率均较低,仅0~5%,28d频度处理组死亡率较高,为11%~22%,但对照组死亡率达39%;幼苗死亡率与藤壶生物量之间存在显著正相关关系(P<0.001),与叶生物量、叶数、根生物量及新生器官生物量存在显著负相关关系(P<0.001),与茎高、茎生物量、原繁殖体生物量等相关性不显著;施用农药造成红海榄幼苗叶绿素总量降低,Chl(a/b)比值上升,同时抗氧化酶系SOD和POD活性增大。建议在平均海平面高程的滩涂上造林,可采用频度14d、浓度1/800马拉硫磷喷雾防治藤壶。A one-year experiment on the prevention of the barnacles on planted Rhizophora stylosa Griff seedlings with malathion was conducted at Yingluo bay of Guangxi, China. Four pesticide concentrations (1/200, 1/400, 1/600, and 1/800 seawater solution of the original malathion concentration (45%)) and four spraying frequencies (every 3, 7, 14, and 28 days) were installed. The results showed that with increasing pesticide concentration and spraying frequency, the barnacle biomass on the seedlings decreased significantly, and all the treatments had a significantly lower barnacle biomass than the control (P<0.001). The seedlings stem biomass and height did not have definite patterns of responses to the pesticide concentration and spraying frequency. At the same pesticide concentration, spraying it every 28 days gave the lowest root biomass, leaf biomass and leaf area, and the more the spraying frequency, the more the leaves preserved. Also at the same pesticide concentration, spraying it every 28 days gave the highest mortality (11%-22%) of the seedlings, while spraying every 3, 7 and 14 days only gave 0-5% of the mortality. However, the mortality in control group reached 39%. Statistical analysis indicated that the seedlings mortality had a significant positive correlation with barnacle biomass (P<0.001), significant negative correlations with leaf biomass, leaf number, root biomass, and neonatal biomass (P<0.001), but no significant correlations with seedlings stem height, stem biomass, and remained propagule biomass. Spraying malathion decreased the seedlings leaf chlorophyll content, but increased the leaf Chl (a/b) ratios and SOD and POD activities. It was proposed that in case of mangrove forestation on tidal flats at mean sea level, spraying malathion at the concentration of 1/800 and with a frequency of every 14 days could prevent barnacle effectively.国家自然科学基金项目(30670317);; 厦门大学“新世纪优秀人才支持计划”项目(X07115);; 广西科学基金项目(0640014);; 北海市科技攻关资助项目(200601057

Effects of mixed-culture densities of Spartina alterniflora on eco-physiological characteristics of Kandelia candel seedling

按照不同密度将互花米草与秋茄进行混种,对比研究胁迫条件下秋茄幼苗生长、光合特性及其渗透调节物质变化规律。结果表明,低密度互花米草促进秋茄的茎长以及各部分生物量,高密度则起抑制作用。随着互花米草密度的增大,秋茄幼苗叶片光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、水分利用率和蛋白含量均下降;相反,胞间CO2浓度、可溶性糖、淀粉、脯氨酸含量却上升,这些变化有利于对抗互花米草带来的不利影响。 【英文摘要】 Kandelia candel seedlings were mix-cultured with Spartina alterniflora of different densities for 120 days,and their growth,photosynthetic characteristics as well as osmotic adjustment law were studied.The results showed that the stem height and biomass of K.candel seedlings were enhanced with low density S.alterniflora and inhabited with high density ones.With the density of S.alterniflora going up,Pn、Gs、Tr、WUE and protein content in K.candel seedlings decreased respectively.On the contrary,the content of ...国家自然科学基金资助项目(30670317,30271065);; 福建省自然科学基金资助项目(D0210001

Detection of Anisakid Nematodes by an SYBR Green Ⅰ Real-time PCR

目的运用荧光定量PCr法检测异尖线虫类病原体。方法于鱼类内脏中检获6种异尖线虫类幼虫:抹香鲸异尖线虫、简单异尖线虫、内弯对盲囊线虫、带鱼针蛔线虫、灰海鳗对盲囊线虫和台湾海峡鱼类中一优势种对盲囊线虫。提取各虫体dnA,PCr扩增ITS-2序列,测序并进行数据库比对。依据测序结果设计特异引物,常规PCr检验引物特异性。将ITS-2序列扩增产物回收、纯化后经T克隆转入大肠埃希菌dH5α,提取重组质粒,鉴定后作为标准品模板建立荧光定量PCr标准曲线,并做敏感性和重复性试验。结果构建的荧光定量PCr标准曲线循环阈值与模板浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均在0.998以上。重复性实验中,6种虫体对应的变异系数(CV)最小值为0.18%,最大值为2.80%,试验间平均CV最小值为0.55%,最大值为1.94%,无非特异性扩增,溶解曲线的特异性和重复性良好。灵敏度实验中,可检出的最低模板浓度为1x102拷贝/μl,比常规PCr灵敏度高100倍。结论初步建立了SybrgrEEnⅠ荧光定量PCr检测异尖线虫类病原体的方法 。Objective To establish an SYBR Green Ⅰ real-time quantitative PCR method for the detection of anisakid nematodes with zoonotic potential from Taiwan Strait.Methods Anisakid larvae of six species (Anisakis simplex, A.physeteris, Raphidascaris trichiuri, Contracaecum aduncum, C.muraenesoxi, and Contracaecum sp., a predominant species in fishes in the strait) were obtained from the guts of marine fishes and identified chiefly based on the morphological features.The ITS-2 rDNA sequences from the larvae were amplified by PCR using universal primers, then cloned and bidirectionally sequenced.According to these sequences, six specific forward primers were designed and synthesized.Specificity was determined by a series of conventional PCR respectively, the ITS-2 sequences amplified above were cloned into T vector which was subsequently transformed into E.coli DH5α.Following extraction and identification, the positive recombinant plasmid was used as quantitative template to generate standard curve and melt curve.Sensitivity and reproducibility were determined.Results All the 6 standard curves established by the recombinant plasmids showed adequate linear relationship between threshold cycle(Ct) and template concentration.Melt curves were specific and all the 6 correlation coefficients were above 0.998.In the reproducibility test, the coefficients of variation (cv) of Ct values for detection of the 6 nematodes ranged between 0.18% and 2.80%, and the cv of the inter-assay ranged between 0.55% and 1.94%.The sensitivity of the real-time PCR was 1×102 copies/μl, about 100 times higher than the conventional PCR assays.The real-time quantitative PCR detection needed only 3.5 hours from the sample treatment to result report.Conclusion An SYBR Green Ⅰ fluorescent quantitative PCR has been developed for detecting anisakid nematodes with adequate sensitivity and specificity.福建省科技计划项目(No.2008N2005)---