Structure,Variations and Climatic Impacts of Ocean Circulation and the Warm Pool in the Tropical Pacific Ocean

热带西太平洋暖池是引发强烈的大气对流、驱动WAlkEr环流和HAdlEy环流系统的主要热源之一,对全球、尤其是东亚气候有重要影响。针对我国在提升气候预测水平方面的重大和迫切需求,国家重点基础研究发展计划项目“热带太平洋海洋环流与暖池的结构特征、变异机理和气候效应“于2011年7月正式立项。项目拟解决的关键科学问题包括:1调控暖池形成和变异的海洋环流多尺度相互作用过程;2海洋动力过程在暖池热盐结构变异中的作用及其机理;3暖池变异对不同类型El nIO影响机理的异同和对东亚季风变异的调制机理。围绕上述关键科学问题,项目将以暖池变异为中心,关注影响和控制暖池结构与变异的关键海洋过程,以及暖池海气相互作用影响EnSO循环、东亚季风年际变异的过程和机理,重点组织开展以下3个方面有针对性的调查研究:1热带太平洋环流和暖池的结构和变异特征;2热带太平洋环流与暖池相互作用的关键过程和机理;3暖池变异的海洋—大气耦合过程及其气候效应。在此基础上,项目将力争阐明暖池影响东亚季风和我国气候变异的过程、机理与敏感区,改进模式的混合参数化方案,提出有效提高EnSO预报技巧的同化方案,为我国短期气候预测能力的提高提供科学支撑。The warm pool in the western tropical Pacific Ocean is one of the major heat sources causing strong atmospheric convection,driving the Walker circulation and Hadley cell,hence influencing the global and East Asian climate.Facing the requirement of climate prediction,variations and climatic impacts of ocean circulation and the warm pool in the tropical Pacific Ocean,a project of the National Basic Research Program Structure,was approved by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China in July,2011.Three key scientific issues that will be addressed in the project are as follows.① Multi-scale interactions of oceanic dynamic processes associated with the formation and maintenance of the warm pool;② Roles of oceanic processes in warm pool′s thermohaline structure and its variations;③ Influence of the warm pool variations on different types of El Nino and the East Asia Monsoon modulation.Focusing on the above key issues centered at the warm pool′s variations and climatic impacts,three aspects of investigations will be conducted under the project: ① Structures and variations of ocean circulation and warm pool in the tropical Pacific Ocean;② Key processes and mechanisms of ocean circulation-warm pool interactions;③Ocean-atmosphere interactions associated with the warm pool variations and their climatic impacts.In this project,we will try to identify and understand the processes,mechanisms and sensitive areas of the warm pool variations influencing the East Asian Monsoon and climate variations in China,and offer scientific and methodological bases for improving the capacity of the short term climate prediction by developing ocean model′s mixing parameterization and assimilation schemes of coupled model for the ENSO prediction.国家重点基础研究发展计划项目“热带太平洋海洋环流与暖池的结构特征、变异机理和气候效应”(编号:2012CB417400)资

Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification(LAMP) for Detection of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris in Foods

目的:利用环介导等温扩增技术建立食品中酸土环脂芽孢杆菌快速检测方法。方法:针对酸土环脂芽孢杆菌16S序列设计特异引物,再优选反应体系,用显色法检测实验结果。结果:该方法能够在63℃条件下1 H内检出食品中酸土环脂芽孢杆菌,所设计的引物有良好的特异性;灵敏度达6.7 Cfu/M l(弱阳性)。结论:该方法具有高效、特异性强和敏感性高等特点,可满足酸土环脂芽孢杆菌快速检测筛选的要求。Purpose: A loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP) method was established for the detection of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris in foods.Methods: After optimization of the reaction conditions of LAMP including the concentrations of primers, reaction time and amplification temperature, the LAMP method was developed, and its sensitivity and specificity were evaluated.Results: The method was capable of rapidly and specifically detecting A.acidoterrestris in foods within 1 hour at a constant temperature of 63 ℃.The sensitivity of the method was 6.7 CFU/m L and the specificity was 100%.Conclusions: The LAMP method is efficient, highly sensitive and specific, and suitable for the rapid detection of A.acidoterrestris in various food samples.福建省漳州市自然科学基金项目(ZZ2012J16

Development of polymer precursors to SiC ceramic fiber

先驱体转换法是迄今为止高性能SiC陶瓷纤维最为成功的一种工业化方法,而高聚物先驱体的结构与性能则是该法的关键。本文主要综述了国内外SiC陶瓷纤维高聚物先驱体分子设计方面的研究动态及最近的发展趋势。The most successful route up-to-date to prepare SiC ceramic fiber in industry is the polymer precursor route; whereas the performance and the molecule structure of polymer precursors play a key role in this method. This article reviews the recent develpment of molecule structure design of polymer precursors

一种在基片上生长纳米颗粒的方法

本发明提供了一种在基片上生长纳米颗粒的方法。该方法将金属前驱体溶液承载在基片表面，蒸发溶剂后得到承载着金属前驱体颗粒的基片，然后直接高温煅烧该基片，使金属前驱体颗粒进行热分解反应而除去其中除金属元素之外的其余元素，最后冷却至室温，得到磁性纳米颗粒。与现有技术相比，该方法有效避免了颗粒之间的团聚，得到均匀分散、粒径均一的纳米颗粒；尤其是当制备纳米合金颗粒、优选煅烧温度高于成相温度时，能够一步合成得到分散均匀、并且具有化学和磁有序相的金属纳米颗粒，大大简化了制备过程，同时避免了退火过程中的颗粒团聚现象

Investigation on solvent extraction method to regulate molecular weight and its distribution of polycarbosilane

[中文文摘]真空热处理法去除聚碳硅烷(polycarbosi-lane,PCS)小分子时,因伴随着化学反应导致PCS结构变化而降低其纺丝性能。溶剂浸提法则无此之虞。研究结果表明,不同溶剂对PCS的溶解能力是不同的,依次为:甲醇<二甲基甲酰胺<乙二醇单甲醚<无水乙醇<乙二醇单乙醚<异丙醇<甲酸乙酯<乙酸甲酯<正丙醇。这一溶解能力体现为可溶PCS量的不同和可溶PCS分子量的不同两个方面。溶解能力较大的溶剂可以溶解分子量较大的PCS;溶解量也较多。由于溶剂的这一特性,溶剂浸提法不仅可以用来去除小分子的PCS,而且可以用来调节PCS的分子量及其分布,改善其纺丝性能,提高其原丝强度,而不改变PCS的分子结构。[英文文摘]When vacuum heating method is used to remove the low molecular weight fraction from polycarbosilane(PCS),the accompanied chemical reaction will occur during this processing,usually the reaction will change the structure of PCS and lead to reduce its spinnability.This defect can be avoided by using the solvent extraction method to supersede the vacuum heating method.The results of this study indicated that: the solubility of PCS is different in different solvent.The solution power of solvents to PCS in the ascending order is methanol, N ,N-dimet hylformamide , 2-methoxyethanol , ethanol , 2-ethoxyethanol , 2-propanol , ethyl formate, methyl acetate and n-propanol. The solution power of solvents to PCS includes soluble amount and soluble mo- lecular weight of PCS. The higher solution power of solvent s gives larger amount and higher molecular weight of soluble PCS. Base on this property of solvents , the solvent extraction method can be used to remove the low molecular weight f raction f rom PCS and also can be used to regulate the molecular weight and its distribution of PCS , which will improve the spinnability of PCS and the strength of green fiber while the structure of PCS remains unchanged.国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(50532010); 福建省自然科学基金计划资助项目(2008J0165)

GEOTECHNICAL FEATURES OF THE SEABED SOILS IN THE EAST OF XISHA TROUGH AND THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GAS HYDRATE-BEARING FINE DEPOSITS

利用2012年在西沙海槽东部海域获得的25个重力柱状样的土工试验分析,以及以南海北部陆坡区浅表层土为试验介质的含水合物细粒土的力学特性模拟试验结果,对西沙海槽东部海域浅表层土的工程地质特性和含水合物细粒土的力学特性进行了综合分析。结果显示西沙海槽东部海域浅表层土土质类型单一,主要为高液限粉土,粉砂含量较高,黏粒含量次之,砂粒含量极少。通过差异显著性检验,陆坡斜坡及北槽坡区与槽底平原和南槽坡区浅层土的工程地质特性差异显著,而垂向上各区浅表层土的工程特性无显著性差异,整体为一高含水率、高塑性、高压缩性和低抗剪强度的软弱高液限粉土层。以细粒土为试验介质,不同水合物饱和度土的土力学特性有较大差异。低饱和度的土表现为两次塑性破坏,而高饱和度的土仅表现为一次塑性破坏。水合物细粒土的黏聚力值随饱和度的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,内摩擦角随饱和度的变化不明显