A comparative study of the cross-strait Incorrupt government mechanism

「廉潔」、「效能」與「透明」乃當前全球先進政府的重要施政價值，亞洲各國為防制貪污之腐蝕，近年來均積極加強反貪廉政機構的建立與強化。反腐倡廉亦為兩岸政府當前施政重點，雙邊領導人均一再宣誓打擊貪腐之重要性並實際嚴打貪官污吏，中國大陸於1995年在最高人民檢察院成立反貪污賄賂總局，2005年又於國務院下設國家反腐敗局；我國則歷經兩次政黨輪替，在各界殷盼下終於2011年7月20日成立第一個廉政專責機構-法務部廉政署，但兩岸貪腐問題並未隨著廉政專責機構成立而減少，社會矚目之重大貪污弊案仍時有所聞，涉案層級也越來越高，其原因為何？是環境使然，抑或是兩岸現行廉政肅貪機制尚有缺漏，無法有效遏止貪污發生。 本研究重點係針對貪腐問題類型、成因及趨勢發展之學術理論進行回顧，並就兩岸貪腐問題發生成因、現況，以及在廉政法制、廉政組織等反腐敗機制上所採措施及成效，盡可能做一探討比較，以瞭解問題癥結。 本研究結果發現兩岸廉政機制不論在法制面、組織面及實際執行面均有待研究改進之處，建議執政當局應努力找出問題所在，積極調整改善，以健全各項廉政監督機制與完善廉政組織、法制等肅貪反貪措施，俾回應民眾對廉能政治之期待，進而提升國家整體清廉度及施政效能

適用於台灣全島的完全混合日糧(TMR)有效纖維量與均勻度的檢測技術

This study extends the applicability of an existing technique, which examines the homogeneity of TMR and the content of effective fiber in the product, to island-wide dairy farmers in Taiwan. The technique was developed based on, and has been successfully applied to samples in southern Taiwan. The technique was revised by expanding the distribution of samples from 216 sites/10 farmers in the south to 342 sites/17 farmers on the whole island. TMR of an adequate slimness was produced from baled hay using a multi-purpose TMR truck. The product was examined using a ψ3.81 cm screen on the top followed by the upper screen (ψl.90 cm) and the bottom tray of the standard Penn State particle separator. The probability of the product with a particle size between 10-15 cm was higher than 90%. The screw drill operated at a speed fluctuating less than 10% and at a load varying less than 5%. These operation parameters indicate that the machine was operating at a stable condition. The TMR product has a content of effective fiber between 10-20% and the coefficients of variance of the homogeneity and the content of salt were less than 10%. This is considered as good. The result is identical to the use of a Penn State fourlayer push-pull separator or a Penn State threelayer manual separator. There is no significant difference between silage and forage TMRs when the three-layer handle is applied, especially the middle screen (0.8≦ψ≦l.9 cm). The result shows that the technique, which was developed based on dairy farmers in southern Taiwan, can be applied to all dairy farmers on the island. In practical applications, the technique can be applied on line for material selection and machine tuning to produce a TMR with an adequate effective-fiber content and homogeneity for optimal cow feeding.本研究將原本僅適用於南部地區的既有完全混合日糧(TMR)有效纖維量與均勻度檢測技術進行適域化與全區化，採樣區擴及中北部與東部，由10樣本戶216採樣點增至17樣本戶342採樣點。驗證採兼用型TMR機細切圓形乾草包，用於調製適當細切長度的TMR。採用兼用型TMR機進行原車細切調製，成品檢測採用ψ3.81cm頂段篩結合Penn State三段篩的上段篩(ψ1.90cm)與底段箱。細切長度維持在10-15cm的機率達90%以上；細切圓形乾草包作業時，螺旋鑽運轉數度維持於±10%的變動率內；細切的重量負載變動維持於±5%，表現出穩定的機械運轉；所調製的TMR有效纖維量在10-20%間；均勻度的變異，與食鹽成分的變異係數(CV)對照，均在10%內，屬優質的範圍。當以Penn State四層式推拉篩動或三層式手搖篩動方式處理時，並無顯著的差異。對於新鮮與烘乾的TMR，採用三層式手搖篩動，也無顯著的差異，尤以中段篩(0.8≦ψ≦1.9cm)更為明確。測試結果顯示所建立的南區檢測技術可以應用於台灣全區的酪農：適宜的檢測技術是以新鮮TMR，利用三層式手搖篩動，依指標值判定TMR的有效纖維量與均勻度，結果反饋於原料及機械操控的調整改善，以達理想的餵飼需求