The Concept of Interoception in Modern Psychology and Its Clinical Applications from the Perspective of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基于现代心理学内感受研究现状，从传统中医学视角，对内感受基础研究进展和临床应用进行梳理和思辨。在内感受认知层面，中医情志脏腑理论、形神观与内感受密切相关，中医&ldquo;志意论&rdquo;与内感受三维构建模型具有内在一致性。在内感受研究方面，中西医对于&ldquo;诊&rdquo;与&ldquo;治&rdquo;的侧重点和研究方向存在差异，具有一定互补性。在内感受应用层面，中医的&ldquo;五态人格分类&rdquo;具有进一步的临床应用前景，同时中医医生的情志调摄方法对于现代医疗具有参考意义。在内感受临床干预层面，中医形成了诊疗时调控内感受的&ldquo;调气&rdquo;理念，其指导下的中医导引疗法在内感受临床干预领域发挥着重要作用。中医在内感受的认知和应用方面有一定潜力，中医研究者需要深入挖掘中医在内感受研究中的优势和应用价值，推动中医药事业的发展。</p

Performance and Modeling of a Two-Stage Light Gas Gun Driven by Gaseous Detonation

A two-stage light gas gun driven by gaseous detonation was newly constructed, which can make up for the disadvantages of the insufficient driving capability of high-pressure gas and the constraints of gunpowder. The performance of the gas gun was investigated through experiments and a quasi-one-dimensional modeling of it was also developed and described in detail. The model accounts for the friction and heat transfer to the tube wall for gases by adding a source term. An improved model has been established to consider the inertial loads in the piston or projectile and model the friction force with the tube wall. Besides, the effects of pump tube pressure on the performance of the gas gun are also investigated numerically. Simulations of the pressure histories in the pump tube and the piston and projectile velocities were conducted. A good agreement was observed between the computational predictions and experimental results. The results showed that the friction between the piston and wall had only small influence on the piston velocity. The proposed numerical approach is suitable for the development of two-stage light gas guns and tests of the operating conditions