55 research outputs found

    Endobronchial Ultrasound in Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy

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    Currently, endobronchial ultrasound dramatically changed diagnostic approaches for mediastinal lesions, both benign and malignant. Still there is a lack of data regarding the optimal anaesthesia, route of intubation, needle type, and specific clinical situations concerning EBUS in real clinical practice. A short, but clinically oriented, description of EBUS-TBNA and EUS-b-FNA techniques for mediastinal lesions is provided

    FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE TO ENDOBRONCHIAL VALVE IMPLANTING TO THOSE SUFFERING FROM PULMONARY DESTRUCTIVE TUBERCULOSIS

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    Goal ofΒ theΒ study: to investigate the changes in ventilation and gas exchange function of the lungs before and after 1-1.5 months after installation of endobronchial valve (EV) aimed at cavity healing in pulmonary destructive tuberculosis patients.Materials andΒ methods. 74 HIV negative patients in the age from 18 to 61 years old suffering from destructive pulmonary tuberculosis were examined. The changes in the pulmonary ventilation capacity (VC, FEV1 , FEV1 /VC%, PEF, MEF25,75) and blood gases (РаО2 , РаБО2, SaО2 %) before and in 4-6 weeks after EV installation have been studied.Results. After 1-1.5 months after EV installation no significant changes in the pulmonary ventilation function were found in 62.2% of patients, 43.2% of patients demonstrated no significant changes in gas exchange function and there were certain changes in the remaining patients. Reduction of pulmonary ventilation capacity due to large bronchi obstruction, restrictive changes and pulmonary gas exchange were manifested through reduction of FEV1 in 18.9% (95% CI 11.6-29.3%) of patients, PEF – in 20.3% (95% CI 12.7-30.8%), VC – in 22.9% (95% CI 14.9%-33.8%) and PaO2 – in 32.4% (95% CI 22.9-43.7%) of patients.Reduction of carbonic acid content in blood was observed in 27.0% (95% CI 18.3-38.1%) of patients. The improvement of gas exchange and ventilation function was the following: VC in 14.9% of patients (95% CI 8.5-24.7%), РаО2 – in 24.3% (95% CI 16.0-35.2%) and SΠ°O2 – in 20.3% (95% CI 12.7-30.8%) of patients. Patients remained stable due to moderate intensity of changes.Frequency of negative and positive functional changes after installation of endobronchial valve for valve bronchial blocking (VBB) varies to some extent depending on the place of EV installation, volume of VBB and dissemination of tuberculous lesions.Lower installation of VBB versus upper one: VC increases more rarely (in 8.3 and 21.6% of patients, p < 0.05 respectively), FEV1 decreases more often (in 41.7 and 13.5% of patients p < 0.05 respectively), VC, PEF, РаО2 and SΠ°O2 go down more often (p < 0.05).If tuberculous lesions are limited the cases when pulmonary ventilation capacity decreases after EV installation occur more often compared to disseminated tuberculous lesions and the cases when pulmonary ventilation capacity improves were observed only in case of the disseminated disease

    ΠžΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° состояния Π°Π»ΡŒΠ²Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сурфактанта Π½Π° сторонС развития Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ поцСсса ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€Π»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠΌ

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    Practical interest of the problem is associated with the need of timely detection and correction of surfactant dependent disorders of respiratory function accompanying lung tuberculosis and complicating its course.The aim of this study was to compare surface tension indices, anti-atelectatic function and ultrastructure of surfactant membranes in bilateral broncho-alveolar washings from 84 patients with unilateral pulmonary tuberculosis. Ninetytwo percent of fibro-cavernous tuberculosis patients showed significant changes in surface tension and anti-atelectatic function, destructively changed surfactant membranes both in the affected lung and opposite one. In cases of infiltrative lung tuberculosis 63% of patients demonstrated surface tension and anti-atelectatic function disorders, 89% were revealed to emerge changed surfactant membranes in broncho-alveolar washings from both of lungs. In cases of cavernous and focal tuberculosis functional surfactant disorders were observed only in 42 % of patients in the affected side only; ultrastructure of surfactant membranes varied in both of lungs depending on the expressiveness of destructive and compensatory changes in the surfactant system. Data obtained show surfactant reactions in both of lungs as a response to tubercular infection and could be used for diagnostics and prognosing of respiratory failure .ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ повСрхностного натяТСния (ПН), состояния антиатСлСктатичСской Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ (БАЀ) ΠΈ ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½ сурфактанта (Π‘) Π² Π±ΠΈΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ…ΠΎΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ²Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… смывах (БАБ) 84 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с односторонним Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ (Π’) Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ…. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ°Π²Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π΅ Ρƒ 92% Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… выявлСны достовСрныС измСнСния ПНиБАЀ, дСструктивно-ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π‘ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π° сторонС пораТСния, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€Π»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠΌ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π’ Ρƒ 63% Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ПНиБАЀ, Ρƒ 89%-появлСниС Π² БАБ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΈΡ… Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½ Π‘. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π²Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‡Π°Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π’ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π‘ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Ρƒ 42% Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π½Π° сторонС пораТСния. Π£Π»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½ Π‘ Π²Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° Π² ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΈΡ… Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ… Π² зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ стСпСни выраТСнности дСструктивных ΠΈ компСнсаторных ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ сурфактантной систСмы. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ Π‘ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΈΡ… Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ… Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ

    Π‘Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠœΠ›Π£/Π¨Π›Π£-Π’Π‘ Π² условиях ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ распространСнности Π’Π˜Π§-ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ

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    The review used 61 literature sources to discuss 13 publications devoted to safety of treatment of HIV-associated drug-resistant tuberculosis using basic and new regimens of chemotherapy. According to the literature, no additive toxic effects were detected during treatment with anti-tuberculosis and antiretroviral drugs. According to the literature data, no additive toxic effect was found during treatment with anti-tuberculosis and antiretroviral drugs. In conditions of high prevalence of HIV, the pharmacovigilance of drug interactions in combination therapy is particularly relevant since HIV can indirectly increase the number of ADRs not only due to cross-toxicity but also severe immunosuppression, development of immune system recovery syndrome, opportunistic infections, a characteristic intoxication syndrome, a low index body weight and individual characteristics of patients in this category.Π’ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π΅ использован 61 Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ источник для обсуТдСния 13 ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ, посвящСнных ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ бСзопасности лСчСния Π’Π˜Π§-ассоциированного лСкарствСнно-устойчивого Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π° с ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. Богласно Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹, Π°Π΄Π΄ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ токсичСского дСйствия Π½Π° Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΅ лСчСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ антирСтровирусными ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ выявлСно. Π’ условиях ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ распространСнности Π’Π˜Π§ особо Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ являСтся Ρ„Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π΄Π·ΠΎΡ€ Π·Π° лСкарствСнным взаимодСйствиСм ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ Π’Π˜Π§ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ косвСнно ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ количСство Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ (НР) Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° пСрСкрСстной токсичности, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ иммуносупрСссии, развития синдрома восстановлСния ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ систСмы, оппортунистичСских ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ, Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ интоксикационного синдрома, Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ индСкса массы Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… особСнностСй Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…

    ΠŸΠ ΠžΠ’Π˜Π’ΠžΠ’Π£Π‘Π•Π ΠšΠ£Π›Π•Π—ΠΠ«Π™ ΠΠΠ’Π˜Π‘Π˜ΠžΠ’Π˜Πš Π Π˜Π€ΠΠŸΠ•ΠΠ’Π˜Π: ΠŸΠ•Π Π‘ΠŸΠ•ΠšΠ’Π˜Π’Π« ΠšΠ›Π˜ΠΠ˜Π§Π•Π‘ΠšΠžΠ“Πž Π˜Π‘ΠŸΠžΠ›Π¬Π—ΠžΠ’ΠΠΠ˜Π―

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    Anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy makes a main component of therapy and involves the long-term treatment with the optimal combination of drugs.Β Tuberculosis incidence has been noted to be high in the risk groups (those receiving immunosuppressive therapy, people living with HIV, etc.);Β such patients are treated for their main disease in addition to anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy. A large number of drugs used simultaneously inΒ treatment regimens can reduce patient's adherence to treatment, deteriorate drug tolerance and increase the frequency of adverse reactions. UsingΒ slow-release drugs within treatment regimens is one of the ways to reduce polypragmasy. One of them is rifapentine, recommended in the RussianΒ Federation for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in patients with HIV infection.The review presents information about the efficacy, tolerability and safety of rifapentine within treatment regimens for active and latent tuberculosisΒ infection.ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π°Ρ химиотСрапия являСтся основным ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ лСкарствСнных ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². Высокая Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ отмСчаСтся Π² Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ… риска (Π»ΠΈΡ†Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΡƒΠΏΡ€Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡŽ, Π»ΠΈΡ†Π°, ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ с Π’Π˜Π§, ΠΈ Ρ‚. Π΄.), Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β ΠΏΠΎ основному заболСванию. ΠžΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ использованиС Π² схСмах лСчСния большого количСства ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°, ΡƒΡ…ΡƒΠ΄ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ частоту Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ. Одним ΠΈΠ· путСй сниТСния ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΡ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΈ являСтся использованиС Π² схСмах лСчСния ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ дСйствия. Одним ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ… являСтся рифапСнтин, Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π² Π Π€ для Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Π’Π˜Π§-ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ.Β Π’ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π΅ прСдставлСны свСдСния ΠΎΠ± эффСктивности, ΠΎ пСрСносимости ΠΈ бСзопасности примСнСния ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π° Ρ€ΠΈΡ„Π°ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ Π² схСмах лСчСния активной ΠΈ Π»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ

    Π Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ² Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π° Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ… Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΄-рСзистСнтным Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ

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    The objective: to study the incidence of relapses over a two-year period after successful completion of chemotherapy in patients with isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis (Hr TB), to determine the risk factors for relapses in this cohort.Subjects and Methods. The medical records of 1860 Hr-TB patients who started treatment in 2015 in TB hospitals in 18 regions of the Russian Federation were retrospectively studied. Of these, 1271 (68.3 Β± 1.08%) patients successfully completed a full course of chemotherapy, which were divided into two groups depending on the presence/absence of relapse in the next two years.Results. Tuberculosis relapse was observed in 131/1271 (10.31%; CI 8,75–12,10%) (R+ Group) patients, the remaining 1140 patients(R– Group) developed no relapse. For R+ and R– Groups, the first episode of the disease (FED) was analyzed, for R+ Group, the episode of the disease recurrence detection (DRD) was also analyzed. The risk factors for relapse development include the following parameters that were available in patients during first episode of the disease: unemployment at working age (OR=1,98; 95% CI [1,36–2,88]), diabetes mellitus or chronic alcohol addiction (OR=3,93; 95% CI [2,13–7,26%] and OR=2,25; 95% CI [1,02–5,01]), lung tissue decay OR=2,01; 95% CI [1,31–3,07], and drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H+Ag+Fq) (OR=7,26; 95% CI [3,90–10,62]).With the disease recurrence detection, out of 131 patients of R+ Group, the positive results of the sputum test was recorded only in 117 (89,3%) patients, 41/131 (31,3%) patients developed a different clinical form of tuberculosis versus the first episode of the disease, and in 12/41 ( 29,3%) or 12/131 (9,2%) patients, the disease was more severe. 44/117 (37,6%) patients had been already resistant to rifampicin. It means they had developed MDR TB before the relapse was detected.ЦСль исслСдования: ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ частоту Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² Π·Π° Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ…Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ послС ΡƒΡΠΏΠ΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΄-рСзистСнтным Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ (Hr Π’Π‘), ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ риска развития Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π΅.ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. РСтроспСктивно ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ мСдицинскиС Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ 1860 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Hr Π’Π‘, Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π²ΡˆΠΈΡ… Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² 2015 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… стационарах 18 Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π Π€. Из Π½ΠΈΡ… ΡƒΡΠΏΠ΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ курс Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ 1271 (68,3Β±1,08%) ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ распрСдСлСны Π² Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ Π² зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ наличия/отсутствия Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π²Π° Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. Π Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ² Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π° наблюдался Ρƒ 131/1271 (10,31%; Π”Π˜ 8,75–12,10%) (Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ° Β«Π +Β») ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², Ρƒ ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… 1140 (Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ° «Р–») – Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π° Π½Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ. Для Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ Β«Π +Β» ΠΈ ««Р–» анализировался ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹ΠΉ эпизод заболСвания (ΠŸΠ­Π—), для Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ Β«Π +Β» Π΅Ρ‰Π΅ ΠΈ эпизод выявлСния Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π° заболСвания (Π’Π Π—). К Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌ риска развития Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π° отнСсСны ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ, имСвшиСся Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ ΠŸΠ­Π—: отсутствиС Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Π² трудоспособном возрастС (ОШ=1,98; 95%Π”Π˜ [1,36–2,88]), Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ сахарного Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Ρ‚Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ хроничСского Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° (ОШ=3,93; 95%Π”Π˜ [2,13–7,26%] ΠΈ ОШ=2,25; 95%Π”Π˜ [1,02–5,01]), распад Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ОШ=2,01; 95%Π”Π˜ [1,31–3,07]; Π›Π£ ΠœΠ‘Π’ (H+Ag+Fq) (ОШ=7,26; 95%Π”Π˜ [3,90–10,62]).ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ Π’Π Π— ΠΈΠ· 131 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ Β«Π +Β» Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ зафиксировано Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Ρƒ 117 (89,3%), Ρƒ 41/131 (31,3%) ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ другая клиничСская Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ° Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π°, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠŸΠ­Π—, ΠΈ Ρƒ 12/41 (29,3%) ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 12/131 (9,2%) ΠΎΠ½Π° Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ тяТСлой. Π£ 44/117 (37,6%) ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ наблюдалась ΡƒΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΉΡ‡ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠœΠ‘Π’ ΠΊ Ρ€ΠΈΡ„Π°ΠΌΠΏΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ, Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠœΠ›Π£ ΠœΠ‘Π’ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡˆΠ»ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ выявлСния Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π°

    Клинико-Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ различия Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ саркомы Капоши

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    The objective: to evaluate clinical and laboratory parameters in local and generalized forms of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) in HIV infected patients to detect predictors of generalized forms of the disease.Subjects and methods. Case histories of 58 HIV infected patients with KS at the age from 28 to 80 years old were respectively analyzed; they all received treatment in National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases of the Russian Ministry of Health in 2018-2020. Cases were divided into 2 groups depending on KS manifestations. LF group (local form of KS, n = 28) included the patients with skin lesions; GF group (generalized form of KS, n = 30) included patients with skin lesions and one or several lesions in the other sites: the mucous membrane of gastrointestinal tract, the mucous membrane of tracheobronchial tree, and lung parenchyma.Results. Patients with the generalized form of KS had a higher frequency of skin lesions on the body (pΟ‡2 = 0.036), face (pΟ‡2 = 0.033), and multiple sites (pΟ‡2 = 0.018). Patients from both groups had low CD4+ count, but it was more severe in GF group (pΟ‡2 = 0.027) with a significant increase of the viral load (pΟ‡2 = 0.047). The predictors of the generalized form of KS are the following: the presence of specific lesions on the skin of body, face and multiple localizations, CD4 level below 125 cells/mcL, increase in the viral load above 5.3log10 copies/ml, reduction of erythrocytes level below 3.1 Γ— 1012 cells/L. Among 24 patients with KS who had 4-6 predictors, 19 (79.2%) had the generalized form. Among KS patients with not a single predictor, there were no cases of generalized form, as well as there were no cases of local forms among patients who had 5 and 6 predictors.ЦСль: ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ… саркомы Капоши (БК) Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Π’Π˜Π§-ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ для опрСдСлСния ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ заболСвания.ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. РСтроспСктивно ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ истории Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ 58 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Π’Π˜Π§-ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ БК Π² возрастС ΠΎΡ‚ 28 Π΄ΠΎ 80 Π»Π΅Ρ‚, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π²ΡˆΠΈΡ… Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π€Π“Π‘Π£ «НМИЦ ЀПИ» ΠœΠΈΠ½Π·Π΄Ρ€Π°Π²Π° России Π² 2018-2020 Π³Π³. Π‘Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ Π² зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ проявлСний БК. Π’ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡƒ Π›Π€ (локализованная Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ° БК, n = 28) Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ с ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ, Π² Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡƒ Π“Π€ (гСнСрализованная Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ° БК, n = 30) β€’ с сочСтаниСм ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ с ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ нСсколькими пораТСниями Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ: слизистая ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠ° ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π°, слизистая ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠ° Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ…Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ…ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π²Π°, ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠ° Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ….Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. Π£ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΎΠΉ БК ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ частоты пораТСния ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ‚ΡƒΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‰Π΅ (pΟ‡2 = 0,036), Π»ΠΈΡ†Π΅ (pΟ‡2 = 0,033), Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ (pΟ‡2 = 0,018). Для ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ… Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎ сниТСниС уровня CD4+-Π»ΠΈΠΌ- Ρ„ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ², Π½ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π² Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Π“Π€ (pΟ‡2 = 0,027) ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ сущСствСнном ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ вирусной Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΈ (pΟ‡2 = 0,047). ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ БК ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ: Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ спСцифичСских ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Ρ‚ΡƒΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‰Π°, Π»ΠΈΡ†Π° ΠΈ мноТСствСнных Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ, сниТСниС уровня CD4 Π’-Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ 125 ΠΊΠ»/ΠΌΠΊΠ», ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ вирусной Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅ 5,3 log10 ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΉ/ΠΌΠ», сниТСниС уровня эритроцитов Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ 3,1 Γ— 1012 ΠΊΠ»/Π». Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈ 24 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с БК, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π²ΡˆΠΈΡ… 4-6 ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², 19 (79,2%) Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ с Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΎΠΉ. Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с БК, Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π²ΡˆΠΈΡ… Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°, случаСв Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ Π½Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ случаСв Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ срСди ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π²ΡˆΠΈΡ… 5 ΠΈ 6 ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²
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