Influence of a trout farm on macrozoobenthos communities of the Trešnjica river, Serbia

Trout farming poses an increasing threat to quality of the water of clean highland streams. Research of this problem has focused primarily on changes in physico-chemical composition of the water and structure of the river bottom, and less on the effects on living organisms. In the present work, we investigated influence of the farm with the highest trout production in Serbia, the 'Riboteks' Trout Farm on the Trešnjica River, on its macrozoobenthos communities. Our investigations showed that the 'Riboteks' Trout Farm wastewaters caused a clear and statistically significant change of moderate intensity in all measured parameters describing the composition and structure of macrozoobenthos communities. These changes were most pronounced in the part of the watercourse closest to the influx of waste water (locality III) but remained statistically significant even 500 m downstream (locality IV) and were lost only about 3.5 km away from the influx of the farm's wastewater (locality V). The most pronounced were changes in the participation in total abundance of the Baetidae, Chironomidae, and Plecoptera. Additionally, results of the present work confirmed that the mass of fish on the trout farm is a parameter that adequately defines the strength of its action, above all the intensity of its influence on structure of the macrozoobenthos community

Effects of anoxia on 31P NMR spectra of Phycomyces blakesleeanus during development

The method of 31P NMR spectroscopy was used to investigate the effects of anoxia on Phycomyces blakesleea­nus mycelium during development. The greatest changes were recorded in the PPc, NADH, and α-ATP signals. Decrease of PPc signal intensity is due to chain length reduction and reduction in number of PPn molecules. Smaller decrease of β-ATP compared to α-ATP signal intensity can be attributed to maintenance of ATP concentration at the expense of PPn hydrolysis. Sensitivity to anoxia varies with the growth stage. It is greatest in 32-h and 44-h mycelium, in which PPn is used as an additional energy source, while the smallest effect was noted for 36-h fungi

Wear Behaviour of Hard Cr Coatings for Cold Forming Tools Under Dry Sliding Conditions

Cr hard coatings are largely used in industry in metal cutting and cold forming processes; This work on quantitative way represents improvement, in terms of wear resistance, which is obtained by depositing Cr hard coating on foundation material. Wear testing is done on tribometer with block –on –disc contact geometry at sliding contact of Cr hard coated sample with steel disc. Testing was performed in conditions without lubrication at variable value of contact parameters (normal load, sliding speed). Cr hard coatings in all contact conditions show smaller values of wear rate

Fatty acid profile in muscles of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) Raised in a semi-intensive production system fed with grains, pelleted and extruded feed

The effects of grains, pelleted and extruded feed on the fatty acid content in carp meat has not been examined yet. In this work, we present evidence that the high carbohydrate content in all three types of feed causes oleic acid to predominate in all meat samples. A higher PUPA content in the meat of fish fed with granulated feed was detected. The extruded feed diet led to 69% greater n-3, and 53% lower n-6 fatty acid contents. Their ratio is thus 2.64-fold higher than in meat of carp fed with pelleted feed. A higher content of n-3 fatty acids in fish fed with extruded feed was the consequence of higher DNA (1.6 times) and EPA (3.3 times) contents. The detected differences could be the consequence of the thermal treatment of extruded feed that makes the proteins, carbohydrates and lipids more accessible to fish than in a pelleted feed

Antioxidant biomarker profile of chironomid larvae from carp ponds: Evaluation of the effects of different fish feeding patterns

A 102-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of four different fish feeding patterns on carp pond water quality and antioxidant biomarkers [superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione reductase (GR), Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and Thiol groups (SH)], protein content and biomass of the midge Chironomus plumosus. Farmed fish were fed two commercial diets: Soprofish 25/7 Standard (containing 25% protein and 7 % fat) and Soprofish 32/7 Profi Effect (containing 32 % protein and 7 % fat). These feeds were combined during a feeding trial in four different feeding patterns, designated as A, B, C and D. In feeding pattern A, the fish received Soprofish 25/7 Standard throughout the experiment and in feeding pattern D, Soprofish 32/7 Profi Effect. During feeding patterns B and C, a mixed feeding pattern was used, alternating between lower and higher protein diets. The study revealed no significant effects (P > 0.05) of the feeding regimens on water quality, so their effects on C. plumosus larvae can be evaluated independently. The activities of the chironomid enzymes CAT and GR showed a clear statistically significant dependence on the feeding pattern (P 0.05). Overall, our results suggest that long-term supplementation with a highly concentrated protein diet may have preventive effects against oxidative stress and support the use of C. plumosus as a model for assessing the effects of organic pollution on pond zoobenthic fauna. © 202

Ocena stopnia zaawansowania miażdżycy u dzieci i młodzieży z cukrzycą typu 1

Introduction: To evaluate the degree of atherosclerosis in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and its correlation with risk factors, traditional and other, such as anti-oxidative capacity of circulating blood and level of lipid peroxidation. Material and methods: Forty children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes with mean age 13.7 years were compared with 20 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Association of carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) with different risk factors measured in children with type 1 diabetes was evaluated. Results: Mean carotid IMT was higher in subjects with diabetes (p < 0.01) and was strongly associated with total cholesterol with an odds ratio of 4.08 (p = 0.016), LDL-cholesterol with an odds ratio of 2.78 (p = 0.037), length of disease with an odds ratio of 1.87 (p = 0.007) and positive family history (first- and second-degree relatives) of diabetes and early CVD (heart attack and/or stroke before the age of 60 years) with an odds ratio of 6.8 (p = 0.007). Conclusions: We found significantly increased cIMT in the diabetic patients compared to the healthy control subjects. Risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis included higher total and LDL-cholesterol, higher systolic blood pressure, positive family history of diabetes and early CVD and longer diabetes duration. In spite of the documented increased oxidative stress, we failed to establish a correlation between the oxidative stress parameters and cIMT values. (Endokrynol Pol 2012; 63 (6): 414&#8211;419)Wstęp: Ocena stopnia zaawansowania miażdżycy u dzieci i młodzieży z cukrzycą typu 1 oraz jego korelacja z czynnikami ryzyka, tradycyjnymi i innymi, na przykład potencjałem antyoksydacyjnym krwi krążącej i poziomem peroksydacji lipidów. Materiał i metody: Porównano 40 dzieci i nastolatków z cukrzycą typu 1, średnia wieku 13,7 roku, z 20 zdrowymi osobnikami stanowiącymi grupę kontrolną odpowiednio dobranymi pod względem wieku i płci. Oceniano związek pomiędzy grubością kompleksu błony wewnętrznej i środkowej tętnic szyjnych (cIMT) a różnymi czynnikami ryzyka ocenianymi ilościowo u dzieci z cukrzycą typu 1. Wyniki: Średnia wartość cIMT była większa u pacjentów z cukrzycą (p < 0,01) i wykazywała silny związek ze stężeniem cholesterolu całkowitego [iloraz szans (OR) 4,08; p = 0,016], cholesterolem frakcji LDL (OR 2,77; p = 0,037), czasem trwania choroby (OR 1,87; p = 0,007) i dodatnim wywiadem rodzinnym (krewni pierwszego i drugiego stopnia) w kierunku cukrzycy i wczesnego występowania chorób układu krążenia (zawału serca i/lub udaru mózgu przed 60. rokiem życia) (OR 6,8; p = 0,007). Wnioski: Stwierdzono znamiennie podwyższoną wartość cIMT u pacjentów z cukrzycą w porównaniu ze zdrowymi osobnikami z grupy kontrolnej. Czynniki ryzyka rozwoju miażdżycy obejmowały podwyższone stężenie cholesterolu całkowitego i cholesterolu frakcji LDL, podwyższone skurczowe ciśnienie tętnicze, dodatni wywiad rodzinny w kierunku cukrzycy i wczesnego występowania chorób układu krążenia oraz dłuższy czas trwania cukrzycy. Pomimo udokumentowanego wzmożenia stresu oksydacyjnego nie udało się ustalić korelacji pomiędzy parametrami stresu oksydacyjnego a wartościami cIMT. (Endokrynol Pol 2012; 63 (6): 414&#8211;419

Hibridna traheotomija u vrijeme hibridnih automobila i hibridnih kongresa - ima li mjesto u COVID-19 jedinicama intenzivnog liječenja?

Pandemija COVID-19 postavila je velike izazove pred liječnike u cijelom svijetu. Riziku infekcije osobito su izloženi otorinolaringolozi, a traheotomija predstavlja jednu od najrizičnijih operacija. U radu se opisuje tehnika hibridne traheotomije koju su autori uočili čitajući literaturu o traheotomijama, te prednosti i nedostaci iste

Program selektivnog uzgoja šarana (Cyprinus carpio L.) u Srbiji - preliminarni rezultati

The aim of this study was to estimate heritability and genetic correlations between weight, length and height of common carp in Serbia (Cyprinus carpio L.) during 3-year growth period. The 50 families of common carp were produced in 2007 and used for the estimation of genetic parameters. The fish were measured at tagging for weight, length and height (W0, L0, H0), then during the first autumn (W1, L1, H1) and during the second autumn (W2, L2, H2). Based on univariate models heritability estimates were high for all traits (0.39, 0.34 and 0.45 for W1, L1 and H1, respectively) and also for the second production year (0.49, 0.47 and 0.44 for W2, L2 and H2, respectively). The genetic correlations were estimated using multivariate models and they were high between W1 and L1 and H1 (0.81 ± 0.06 and 0.91 ± 0.03 for L1 and H1, respectively), while between H1 and L1 were moderately correlated (0.54 ± 0.12). In the second production year genetic correlations were also high, between W2 and L2 and H2 (0.64 ± 0.09 and 0.74 ± 0.06, respectively), while between length and height they were lower (0.24 ± 0.15). Based on the current results improving growth rate of common carp through genetic selection is expected to be effective.Cilj ove studije je bio da se procene heritabilnost i genetičke korelacije telesne mase, dužine i visine šarana u Srbiji u toku trogodišnjeg ciklusa. U toku 2007. godine proizvedeno je 50 familija šarana i ove jedinke iskorišćene su za procenu heritabilnosti i genetičke korelacije. Merenja riba su obavljena za osobine telesna masa, dužina i visina u momentu označavanja (W0, L0, H0), zatim pri starosti riba prva jesen (W1, L1, H1) i pri starosti druga jesen (W2, L2, H2). Na osnovu jednovarijantnih statističkih modela za svaku osobinu procene heritabilnosti su bile visoke (0.39, 0.34 i 0.45 za W2, L2 i H2). Genetičke korelacije su procenjene na osnovu multivarijacionih statističkih modela i bile su visoke između W1 i, L1 i H1 (0.81 ± 0.06 i 0.91 ± 0.03 za L1 i H1), dok su između H1 i L1 bile umereno korelisane (0.54 ± 0.12). U drugoj produkcionoj godini korelacije su takođe bile visoke, između W2 i, L2 i H2 (0.64 ± 0.09 i 0.74 ± 0.06), dok su između osobina dužina i visina, L2 i H2, bile niže (0.24 ± 0.15). Na osnovu navedenih rezultata očekuje se da bi poboljšanje prirasta u navedenoj populaciji šarana u Srbiji, putem selekcije familija, bilo uspešno