The Evolution of Serbian Forex Through NBS FX Swaps

This paper emphasizes the main goals of using derivatives as a monetary tool, increasing the foreign currency liquidity of commercial banks and controlling the volatility of the national currency. Over the past few years, FX swaps, very often mistaken for currency swaps, became a popular monetary instrument among central banks. Since 2007, inter-central bank swap credit lines have become a role model for supporting the foreign currency liquidity of national commercial banks. The National Bank of Serbia introduced FX swap transactions as part of a special facility for supporting the country’s financial stability. Our research indicates that the NBS is not part of a swap credit line, but rather uses FX swaps internally and in a very fragmented manner. The trading volume of the newly-introduced instrument has been quite modest. The quiet introduction of FX swaps has failed to make any insignificant impact on the stabilization of the national currency, and has caused a fairly minor increase in EUR liquidity. At the very end it is worth mentioning that, regardless of the first results, NBS swaps mean that the Serbian forex derivative market has “crossed the Rubicon”

Configuring a virtual desktop 5-axis machine tool for machine simulation

This paper discusses the possibilities of application machine simulation and verification of the program before machining. Process of virtual machine configuring for machine simulation in CAD/CAM and VeriCUT environment is shown. Configured virtual prototypes are used for the verification of tool path as part of the offline programming system, using machine simulation in the CAD/CAM environment. Verification of machining program, in G code, using machine simulation in the solid cutting simulation software VERICUT, are also described on examples

Configuring a virtual desktop 5-axis machine tool for machine simulation

This paper discusses the possibilities of application machine simulation and verification of the program before machining. Process of virtual machine configuring for machine simulation in CAD/CAM and VeriCUT environment is shown. Configured virtual prototypes are used for the verification of tool path as part of the offline programming system, using machine simulation in the CAD/CAM environment. Verification of machining program, in G code, using machine simulation in the solid cutting simulation software VERICUT, are also described on examples

Functions for processing of wokpiece CAD model for prediction and optimization of milling process

This paper deals with specific presentation of wokpiece volume and with functions for manipulating them in order to extract necessary data for various functions in virtual manufacturing environment. Basic idea was to use standard STL output of created model of blank material and convert to Z-map model. Functions for simulation of material removal process and extracting of geometry of instant tool immersion conditions are developed in Matlab environment. Exacting of engaging (tool immersion) map along discretized tool path is of great importance for application of model for instant cutting forces, based on simulation of discetized cutting geometry of the tool. Such simulation algorithm provides a solid base for prediction of cutting forces along tool path and for optimization of NC part program via feedrate scheduling. Presented methodology is tested in milling operations for machining of planar contours with flat end-mills, and some illustrative results are shown

Functions for processing of wokpiece CAD model for prediction and optimization of milling process

This paper deals with specific presentation of wokpiece volume and with functions for manipulating them in order to extract necessary data for various functions in virtual manufacturing environment. Basic idea was to use standard STL output of created model of blank material and convert to Z-map model. Functions for simulation of material removal process and extracting of geometry of instant tool immersion conditions are developed in Matlab environment. Exacting of engaging (tool immersion) map along discretized tool path is of great importance for application of model for instant cutting forces, based on simulation of discetized cutting geometry of the tool. Such simulation algorithm provides a solid base for prediction of cutting forces along tool path and for optimization of NC part program via feedrate scheduling. Presented methodology is tested in milling operations for machining of planar contours with flat end-mills, and some illustrative results are shown

Fostering Green Entrepreneurship and Women’s Empowerment through Education and Banks’ Investments in Tourism - evidence from Serbia

The aim of our research is to consider the potential for women’s empowerment through tourism and women’s equality inherent in the green economy. In addition, our research should shed more light on the women’s dimensions of green growth, especially in the context of development of entrepreneurship in tourism. In line with this, our approach in the study combines a women’s perspective with green growth and entrepreneurship development in the tourism sector in Serbia. The research was carried out in the most important tourist centers in the country, such as Novi Sad, Nis, Zlatibor, Vrnjaˇcka Banja, and Sokobanja. This study showed that insufficient attention has been dedicated to this industry from the perspective of its benefits for women. In addition, the research indicated that, in the field of tourism, women mostly prefer special programs of education that are adjusted to the job requirements that they have already been performing or to a similar job that they are just about to start. It is necessary to involve them more often in various projects that encourage their further empowerment. The research also discovered gaps in the supply of finance between the needs of green entrepreneurs in tourism and what the financial system is willing to provide to them. Firstly, there is a lack of appropriate lending products offered by the commercial banking sector. In particular, a combination of financial support and suitable financial tools to encourage women’s initiatives for start-ups in tourism is missing

Effect of Market and User Characteristics on the Expected Quality of Taxi Service

The taxi system is one of the most famous and de-veloped subsystems of flexible passenger transport. To reach the goal of the system achieving maximum produc-tion efficiency, the management focus is directed at users and service quality (SQ). The SQ can have several forms: expected, targeted, delivered, and perceived SQ. We ex-amine the expected SQ, expressed through the users’ at-titudes about the importance of the defined parameters of the SQ, which represent the users’ expectations from the taxi system. The analysis included the data from the conducted studies in three selected taxi systems. The aim of this paper was to determine the effect of market and selected user characteristics on the user expectations, applying the Chi-Square Test. We conclude that the spe-cific market and certain user characteristics affect the user expectations of the taxi system. There is a moderate effect on the employed users, pensioners, and daily users of the taxi system. When it comes to the users who use the taxi system several times a month and week, there is a less significant effect. Other user categories have no sig-nificant correlation with the selection of the parameters of the SQ in the taxi system

Virtual horizontal machining center LOLA HBG 80 for program verification and monitoring

Ovaj rad opisuje konfigurisanje virtuelnog horizontalnog obradnog centra LOLA HBG80 u okviru sistema za programiranje i verifikaciju, kao i u okviru sistema otvorene arhitekture upravljanja. Horizontalni obradni centar LOLA HBG 80 podržan je ekvivalentnom virtuelnom mašinom u CAD/CAM okruženju (PTC Creo i Catia), STEP-NC mašinskom okruženju, kao i u upravljačkom sistemu. Virtuelna simulacija je od suštinske važnosti za obradu, a razvijene virtuelne mašine koriste se za verifikaciju programa i monitoring procesa obrade. Virtuelna mašina u sistemu za programiranje omogućava verifikaciju programa pre slanja na stvarnu mašinu i može da uključuje verifikaciju putanje alata (CLF-Cutter Location File) i verifikaciju G-koda. U radu se takođe govori o mogućnosti primene novog metoda programiranja poznatog kao STEP-NC i pripremi odgovarajućeg okruženja koje uključuje virtuelnu mašinu. Virtuelna mašina u sistemu upravljanja predstavlja poslednji nivo za konačnu verifikaciju programa, kao i sistem za nadzor procesa.This paper describes configuring the virtual horizontal machining center LOLA HBG80 within the programming and verification system and the open architecture control system. The horizontal machining center LOLA HBG 80 is represented by an equivalent virtual machine in a CAD/CAM environment (PTC Creo and Catia), STEP-NC Machine environment, and the control system. Virtual simulation is essential for machining, and the developed virtual machines are used for program verification and monitoring of the machining process. The virtual machine in the programming system allows the verification of the program before sending it to the real machine and includes verification of the tool path (CLF-Cutter Location File) and G-code. The paper also discusses the possibility of applying a new programming method known as STEP-NC and preparing an adequate environment that includes a virtual machine. The virtual machine in the control system represents the last level for the final program verification and the process monitoring system

Configuring of 3-axis vertical CNC machine for rapid prototyping with two translatory and one rotary axes

This paper describes the configuration of a 3-axis vertical CNC machine tool for rapid prototyping with one rotary and two translational axes. The machine works in a polar-cylindrical coordinate system. The structure of the machine is C'OXZ. The virtual machine model is configured in the PTC Creo software environment. After configuring the virtual machine, the simulation of the CLF-based was performed in the mentioned software environments, and then the verification according to the G-code program in the Vericut software environment was performed. Programming and control of the configured prototype machine are realized in the LinuxCNC software environment, which is based on the PC platform. Also, in this paper, digital twin of machine realized in a python software environment is shown. The presented results show the proper functioning of the whole system

Configuring of 3-axis vertical CNC machine for rapid prototyping with two translatory and one rotary axes

This paper describes the configuration of a 3-axis vertical CNC machine tool for rapid prototyping with one rotary and two translational axes. The machine works in a polar-cylindrical coordinate system. The structure of the machine is C'OXZ. The virtual machine model is configured in the PTC Creo software environment. After configuring the virtual machine, the simulation of the CLF-based was performed in the mentioned software environments, and then the verification according to the G-code program in the Vericut software environment was performed. Programming and control of the configured prototype machine are realized in the LinuxCNC software environment, which is based on the PC platform. Also, in this paper, digital twin of machine realized in a python software environment is shown. The presented results show the proper functioning of the whole system