Integrated Fuzzy System and Multi-Expression Programming Techniques for Supplier Selection

Supplier selection problem is a multi-objective problem in which different criteria should be taken into consideration. This article presents a new approach to supplier pre-qualification, supplier selection and evaluation. In the first stage of the model, multi-expression programming (MEP) techniques are used for a supplier pre-qualification. Techniques implemented in MEP allow construction of experiential models using the knowledge contained in the experimental information. Evaluation of the qualified suppliers is done in the second stage using fuzzy logic and Fuzzy Inference System (FIS). In this way, it is possible to retain expert knowledge of the subject phenomenon in a model with the possibility of selecting different operators which lead to the possibility of the faster selection of parameters and making more reliable decisions. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the proposed approach

Effect of non-stationary current regimes on the morphology of silver electrodeposits

This work is concerned with the use of reverse current regimes in order to form small-grained and compact silver deposits during the electro-refining process. Several parameters were varied, i.e., i) anodic overpotential, ii) cathodic vs. anodic time ratio and iii) duration of the anodic pulse. After optimization of these parameters, phosphate ions were added and the electrolyte was stirred. The effects of a rise of the anodic overpotential on the grain sizes of the silver deposit and compactness were studied. Prolongation of the anodic time had a similar influence but with a decrease in current efficiency. An increase of the cathodic vs. anodic time ratio caused an enlargement of the grains and a decrease in the compactness of the deposit. Optimal morphological characteristics were obtained when PO43- was added and the electrolyte was stirred

Efekat nestacionarnih strujnih režima na morfologiju taloga srebra

This work is concerned with the use of reverse current regimes in order to form small-grained and compact silver deposits during the electrorefining process. Several parameters were varied, i.e., i) anodic overpotential, ii) cathodic vs. anodic time ratio and iii) duration of the anodic pulse. After optimization of these parameters, phosphate ions were added and the electrolyte was stirred. The effects of a rise of the anodic overpotential on the grain sizes of the silver deposit and compactness were studied. Prolongation of the anodic time had a similar influence but with a decrease in current efficiency. An increase of the cathodic vs. anodic time ratio caused an enlargement of the grains and a decrease in the compactness of the deposit. Optimal morphological characteristics were obtained when PO3-4 were added and the electrolyte was stirred.Rad se bavi korišćenjem reversnih strujnih režima za dobijanje sitnozrnih i kompaktnih taloga srebra u procesu elektrohemijske rafinacije. Varirano je nekoliko parametara: a) anodna prenapetost, b) odnos vremena trajanja katodnog i anodnog pulsa i c) trajanje anodnog pulsa. Nakon optimizacije ovih parametara, u elektrolit su dodati fosfatni joni i primenjeno je mešanje elektrolita. Ispitivan je uticaj anodne prenapetosti na veličinu zrna taloga srebra i na njegovu kompaktnost. Produženje trajanja anodnog pulsa pokazalo je sličan efekat, ali uz smanjenje iskorišćenja struje. Povećanje odnosa vremena trajanja katodnog i anodnog pulsa dovelo je do povećanja zrna i smanjenja kompaktnosti taloga. Optimalna morfologija taloga je dobijena nakon dodatka PO3-4 i uz mešanje elektrolita

Perspective of wheat breeding

Wheat is an important cereal species which use for production of food products, alcoholic beverages, pharmaceutical products, biofuels. Wheat seed is one of the most important source of protein as well as carbohydrate, fat, vitamins and mineral elements in food for human and nutrition. The evolutionary development of wheat is characterized by changes in morphological and anatomical characteristics, changes in the genome that are associated with adaptability to different environmental conditions and changes in biological and economic yield and quality traits. During the period from 10 thousand years ago until today, man, through his breeding work, and creating new genotypes, has influenced the changes in plant architecture, yield, quality and adaptability to biotic and abiotic conditions. The grain yields significantly increased in the 1960s and 1970s because farmers rapidly adopted the new varieties and cultivation methods of the so-called “green revolution”. Breeders have created and can create in the future new wheat genotypes with improved efficiency in the use of N, which will contribute to achieving higher and stable yields, better grain quality and environmental protection. Today, breeders have choice of two direction. In addition to this approach, today breeders create varieties with low content of storage proteins (gluten), with higher efficiency of nitrogen uptake, adapted to lower doses of nitrogen nutrition and higher efficiency of nitrogen uptake in order to reduce unused nitrogen and environmental protection. Modern biotechnological methods can contribute to the preservation and increase of genetic variability, more efficient breeding of varieties that are economical in production, with the desired technological and nutritional quality for the production of healthy food