Theoretical Investigation of Oxazine 170 Perchlorate Doped Polymeric Optical Fiber Amplifier

Optical signal amplification in the waveguiding structure of optical fibers can be used for optical telecommunication systems and new light sources constructions. Organic dyes doped materials are interesting for new applications in polymeric optical fibers technology due to their benefits (efficient fluorescence, high absorption cross section, and easy processing). This article presents a numerical simulation of gain in poly(methyl methacrylate) optical fiber doped by Oxazine 170 Perchlorate. The calculated gain characteristic for the used dye molar concentration (0.2·10-6–1.4·10-6) and pump power (1–10 kW) is presented. The fabricated fluorescent polymeric optical fiber is also shown. The presented analysis can be used for optical amplifier construction based on dye-doped polymeric optical fiber (POF)

Up-conversion luminescence in low phonon heavy metal oxide glass co-doped with Er3+/Ho3+ ions

In this paper, heavy metal oxide glasses co-doped with erbium and holmium ions have been synthesized. Glass composition, based on bismuth and germanium oxides, has been selected in terms of high thermal stability (∆T = 125 °C), high refractive index (n = 2.19) and low maximum phonon energy (hνmax = 724 cm⁻¹). Up-conversion luminescence spectra under the 980 nm laser diode excitation have been observed as a result of radiative transitions within the quantum energy level structures of Er³⁺ and Ho³⁺ ions. Optimization of rare earth ions content has been conducted, the highest emission intensity in the visible wavelength range has been observed in glass co-doped with molar concentration 0.5 Er2O3 / 0.5 Ho2O3

Fluoroindate glass co-doped with Yb3+/Ho3+ as a 2.85 μm luminescent source for MID-IR sensing

This work reports on the fabrication and analysis of near-infrared and mid-infrared luminescence spectra and their decays in fluoroindate glasses co-doped with Yb3+/Ho3+. The attention has been paid to the analysis of the Yb3+ ! Ho3+ energy transfer processed ions in fluoroindate glasses pumped by 976 nm laser diode. The most effective sensitization for 2 um luminescence has been obtained in glass co-doped with 0.8YbF3/1.6HoF3. Further study in the midinfrared spectral range (2.85 um) showed that the maximum emission intensity has been obtained in fluoroindate glass co-doped with 0.1YbF3/1.4HoF3. The obtained efficiency of Yb3+ ! Ho3+ energy transfer was calculated to be up to 61% (0.8YbF3/1.6HoF3), which confirms the possibility of obtaining an efficient glass or glass fiber infrared source for a MID-infrared (MID-IR) sensing application

Luminescent Studies on Germanate Glasses Doped with Europium Ions for Photonic Applications

Glass and ceramic materials doped with rare earth (RE) ions have gained wide interest in photonics as active materials for lasers, optical amplifiers, and luminescent sensors. The emission properties of RE-doped glasses depend on their chemical composition, but they can also be tailored by modifying the surrounding active ions. Typically, this is achieved through heat treatment (including continuous-wave and pulsed lasers) after establishing the ordering mechanisms in the particular glass–RE system. Within the known systems, silicate glasses predominate, while much less work relates to materials with lower energy phonons, which allow more efficient radiation sources to be constructed for photonic applications. In the present work, the luminescent and structural properties of germanate glasses modified with phosphate oxide doped with Eu3+ ions were investigated. Europium dopant was used as a “spectroscopic probe” in order to analyze the luminescence spectra, which characterizes the changes in the local site symmetries of Eu3+ ions. Based on the spectroscopic results, a strong influence of P2O5 content was observed on the excitation and luminescence spectra. The luminescence study of the most intense 5D0→7F2 (electric dipole) transition revealed that the increase in the P2O5 content leads to the linewidth reduction (from 15 nm to 10 nm) and the blue shift (~2 nm) of the emission peak. According to the crystal field theory, the introduction of P2O5 into the glass structure changes the splitting number of sublevels of the 5D0→7F1 (magnetic dipole) transition, confirming the higher polymerization of fabricated glass. The slightly different local environment of Eu3+ centers the results in a number of sites and causes inhomogeneous broadening of spectral lines. It was found that the local asymmetry ratio estimated by the relation of (5D0→7F2)/(5D0→7F1) transitions also confirms greater changes in local symmetry around Eu3+ ions. Our results indicate that modification of germanate glass by P2O5 allows control of their structural properties in order to functionalize the emissions for application as luminescent light sources and sensors

UV Radiation Detection Using Optical Sensor Based on Eu3+ Doped PMMA

Progress in UV treatment applications requires new compact and sensor constructions. In the paper a hybrid (organic-inorganic) rare-earth-based polymeric UV sensor construction is proposed. The efficient luminescence of poly(methyl) methacrylate (PMMA) matrix doped by europium was used for testing the optical sensor (optrode) construction. The europium complex assures effective luminescence in the visible range with well determined multi-peak spectrum emission enabling construction of the optrode. The fabricated UV optical fibre sensor was used for determination of Nd:YAG laser intensity measurements at the third harmonic (355 nm) in the radiation power range 5.0-34.0 mW. The multi-peak luminescence spectrum was used for optimization of the measurement formula. The composition of luminescent peak intensity enables to increase the slope of sensitivity up to −2.8 mW-1. The obtained results and advantages of the optical fibre construction enable to apply it in numerous UV detection systems

Theoretical Investigation of Oxazine 170 Perchlorate Doped Polymeric Optical Fiber Amplifier

Optical signal amplification in the waveguiding structure of optical fibers can be used for optical telecommunication systems and new light sources constructions. Organic dyes doped materials are interesting for new applications in polymeric optical fibers technology due to their benefits (efficient fluorescence, high absorption cross section, and easy processing). This article presents a numerical simulation of gain in poly(methyl methacrylate) optical fiber doped by Oxazine 170 Perchlorate. The calculated gain characteristic for the used dye molar concentration (0.2·10-6–1.4·10-6) and pump power (1–10 kW) is presented. The fabricated fluorescent polymeric optical fiber is also shown. The presented analysis can be used for optical amplifier construction based on dye-doped polymeric optical fiber (POF)

Carbon laminates with RE doped optical fibre sensors

A new type of luminescent optical fibre sensor for structural health monitoring of composite laminates (CFRP) is proposed. The Nd3+ doped multi-core doubleclad fibre incorporated in composite structure was used as a distributed temperature sensor. The change of luminescence intensity (Nd3+ ions) at the wavelength of 880 nm (4F3/2 → 4I9/2) and 1060 nm (4F3/2 → 4I11/2) was used for internal temperature monitoring. The special construction of optical fibre was used as it assures an efficient pumping mechanism and, at same time, it increases the measuring sensitivity. The linear response with relative sensitivity 0.015 K−1 was obtained for temperature range from 30 up to 75ºC. The manufacturing process of CFRP with embedded optical fibre sensor is also discussed

Influence of TiO2 concentration on near-infrared luminescence of Er3+ ions in barium gallo-germanate glasses

Erbium (Er)-doped barium gallo-germanate (BGG) glasses modified by TiO2 have been investigated for near-infrared luminescence applications. Luminescence at 1.5 μm associated to 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 transition of Er3+ ions has been examined in function of TiO2 concentration. Several spectroscopic and near-infrared (NIR) laser parameters for Er3+ such as stimulated emission cross-section, luminescence bandwidth and lifetime, quantum efficiency, gain bandwidth and figure of merit were determined based on experiments and theoretical calculations using the Judd-Ofelt framework. Our systematic investigations indicate that Er-doped glass with molar ratio GeO2:TiO2 = 1:2 shows excellent luminescence properties and could be successfully applied to near-infrared broadband optical amplifiers

Luminescence Sensing Method for Degradation Analysis of Bioactive Glass Fibers

The effects of Sm3+ content on the optical properties and bioactivity of 13-93 bioactive glass were presented. Sm3+ doped glass fibers drawn from bioactive glass were analyzed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for the determination of ion release. Optical analysis of the Sm3+ ions in bioactive glass fibers was used for degradation monitoring. While the fibers were immersed in SBF solution, changes in their luminescence spectra under 405 nm laser excitation were measured continuously for 48 h. The morphology of the fibers after the immersion process was determined by SEM/EDS. It was shown that the proposed approach to the analysis of changes in Sm3+ ion luminescence is a sensitive method for the monitoring of degradation processes and the formation of hydroxycarbonate-apatite (HCA) layers on glass fiber surfaces. SEM/EDS measurements showed a significant deterioration on the surface of the fibers and the formation of HCA on 13-93_02Sm bioactive glass. The optical analysis of the time constant indicated that bioactive glass fibers doped with 2 %mol Sm3+ degrade at a rate almost five times slower than 13-93_02Sm

Fluoroindate glasses co-doped with Pr3+/Er3+ for near-infrared luminescence applications

Fluoroindate glasses co-doped with Pr3+/Er3+ ions were synthesized and their near-infrared luminescence properties have been examined under selective excitation wavelengths. For the Pr3+/Er3+ co-doped glass samples several radiative and nonradiative relaxation channels and their mechanisms are proposed under direct excitation of Pr3+and/or Er3+. The energy transfer processes between Pr3+ and Er3+ ions in fluoroindate glasses were identified. In particular, broadband nearinfrared luminescence (FWHM = 278 nm) associated to the 1G4 → 3H5 (Pr3+), 1D2 → 1G4 (Pr3+) and 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 (Er3+) transitions of rare earth ions in fluoroindate glass is successfully observed under direct excitation at 483 nm. Near-infrared luminescence spectra and their decays for glass samples co-doped with Pr3+/ Er3+ are compared to the experimental results obtained for fluoroindate glasses singly doped with rare earth ions