Some newly recorded and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi from Romania

Sixteen species of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi are included in the commented list. Seven species are new to Romania: Caloplaca flavocitrina, Caloplaca polycarpa, Caloplaca xerica, Lecanora rouxii, Polycoccum evae, Stigmidium rouxianum and Xanthoria calcicola . General distribution of the species Caloplaca xerica, Lecanora laatokkaensis, Lecanora rouxii (= Lepraria flavescens ), Polycoccum evae and Stigmidium rouxianum is described. Although twice recorded in Romania, Lecanora laatokkaensis was not included in either of the two lichen checklists of Romania. Lecanora bolcana is a forgotten species in Romania, which was only known as Lecanora muralis var. diffracta from several old collections

Noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi from the Bükk Mts, Hungary

Twenty-four of treated species are reported as new to Hungary; Agonimia allobata, A. repleta, Amphisphaeria fallax, Anema tumidulum, Bacidia fuscoviridis, Biatoridium monasteriense, Caloplaca oasis, C. conversa, C. raesaenenii, C. soralifera, Candelariella plumbea, Chromatochlamys muscorum, Diplotomma murorum, Lecanora leuckertiana, L. rouxii, Lepraria lesdainii, Lichinella cribellifera , cf. Mycobilimbia epixanthoides, Opegrapha suecica, Scoliciosporum curvatum, Stigmidium rouxianum, Verrucaria helvetica, V. sorbinea and Xanthoria sorediata . Eleven species, Agonimia opuntiella, Caloplaca crenulatella, C. xerica, Dirina stenhammari, Evernia divaricata, Immersaria cupreoatra, Lecanora bolcana, Leptogium magnussonii, Lichinella nigritella, Strangospora ochrophora and Verrucaria bryoctona , are new to the Bükk Mts. New records of Agonimia tristicula and Caloplaca chrysodeta , already known from the Bükk Mts, are mentioned. The known distribution of C. raesaenenii (= C. thuringiaca ) is described

Photobiont switching causes changes in the reproduction strategy and phenotypic dimorphism in the Arthoniomycetes

Abstract Phylogenetic analyses using mtSSU and nuITS sequences of Buellia violaceofusca (previously placed in Lecanoromycetes), a sterile, sorediate lichen having a trebouxioid photobiont, surprisingly prove that the species is conspecific with Lecanographa amylacea (Arthoniomycetes), a fertile, esorediate species with a trentepohlioid photobiont. These results suggest that L. amylacea and B. violaceofusca are photomorphs of the same mycobiont species, which, depending on the photobiont type, changes the morphology and the reproduction strategy. This is the first example of a lichenized fungus that can select between Trebouxia (Trebouxiophyceae) and trentepohlioid (Ulvophyceae) photobionts. Trebouxia photobionts from the sorediate morphotype belong to at least three different phylogenetic clades, and the results suggest that Lecanographa amylacea can capture the photobiont of other lichens such as Chrysothrix candelaris to form the sorediate morphotype. Phylogenetic analyses based on rbcL DNA data suggest that the trentepohlioid photobiont of L. amylacea is closely related to Trentepohlia isolated from fruticose lichens. The flexibility in the photobiont choice enables L. amylacea to use a larger range of tree hosts. This strategy helps the lichen to withstand changes of environmental conditions, to widen its distribution range and to increase its population size, which is particularly important for the survival of this rare species