Statistical Data Analysis of Weather Conditions Aiming at Determining the Mathematical Expectation of Construction Site Delays in Rijeka Within a Monthly Period

Meteorološki i klimatski uvjeti mogu uvelike utjecati na kontinuirani i zadovoljavajući tijek izvođenja radova na gradilištu. Posebno je važno, ali nedovoljno primijenjeno u praksi, prilikom izrade vremenskog plana i definiranja roka za građenje uzeti u obzir i moguće zastoje pri radu gradilišta zbog nepovoljnih vremenskih uvjeta. Meteorološki i klimatski uvjeti imaju različit utjecaj ovisno o lokaciji gradilišta. Iz tog razloga, kako bi se statistički obradio utjecaj vremenskih neprilika na području grada Rijeke, s pripadajućom umjereno toplom, vlažnom klimom i vrućim ljetima (Cfa - Köppen-ova klasifikacija klime), od Državnog hidrometeorološkog zavoda (DHMZ) zatraženi su meteorološki podaci o vremenskim neprilikama za vremensko razdoblje od 25 godina, izmjerenih i zabilježenih u glavnoj meteorološkoj postaji u gradu Rijeci. Vremenske neprilike za koje su zatraženi podaci, a koje su karakteristične za klimatsko područje grada Rijeke, su Oborine (≥ 10 mm), Olujni vjetar, Hladni dani (Tmin < 0 °C) i Vrući dani (Tmax ≥ 30 °C). Zatraženi meteorološki podaci su u obliku ukupnog broja dana u mjesecu sa zabilježenim djelovanjem pojedine vremenske neprilike. Ciljevi ovog rada su, primjenom odgovarajućih statističkih testova, testiranje različitosti na razini značajnosti od 5 %, među skupinama vremenskih neprilika (Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test) te, zatim, određivanje 95 % pouzdanog intervala s matematički očekivanim danima zastoja pri radu gradilišta za svaki mjesec pojedinačno (intervalna procjena očekivanja u skupini s normalnom distribucijom podataka). Mjesečni intervali dobiveni statističkom obradom s matematički očekivanim danima zastoja, zbog vremenskih neprilika predstavljaju vrijedan ulazni parametar u svrhu preciznije izrade vremenskog plana i definiranja roka za građenje na području grada Rijeke.Meteorological and climate conditions can significantly affect the continuous and satisfactory progress of work on a construction site. When it comes to creating schedules and defining deadlines at a construction site it is very important to consider possible time delays during work execution as a result of adverse weather conditions. Still, this practice isn\u27t widely applied.  Weather and climate conditions may have different effects depending on the location of the construction site. Hence, to be able to statistically analyze the effect of weather conditions in Rijeka area, with it\u27s moderately warm and humid climate with hot summers (Cfa - Köppen climate classification), data on weather conditions that were measured and recorded in the central meteorological station in Rijeka during the period of last 25 years were requested from the Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service (DHMZ). The weather conditions the data was requested on are specific to the microclimate of the Rijeka area. They are as follows: precipitation (≥10 mm), storm winds, cold days (Tmin < 0 °C) and hot days (Tmax ≥ 30 °C). Requested meteorological data are in the form of the total number of days in a month with specific weather conditions recorded. The aim of this paper is to apply appropriate statistical tests in order to examine variations on the scale of significance of 5 % between distinct weather conditions (Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test), and to determine the 95% reliable interval of the mathematical expectation of work delays on a construction site for each month (an interval expectations assessment within a group containing normal data distribution). Monthly intervals obtained via statistical analysis that include mathematical expectation of execution delays due to poor weather condition represent a valuable input parameter for the purpose of creating a more precise schedule and defining construction deadlines in the Rijeka area

THE IMPORTANCE OF VISION-BASED TECHNOLOGIES FOR PROGRESS MONITORING AND PRODUCTIVITY ASSESSMENT OF EARTHMOVING OPERATIONS

Praćenje progresa izvedbe zemljanih radova uz točnu procjenu produktivnosti građevinskih strojeva omogućuje detaljan uvid u tijek izvedbe, ranu detekciju slabe produktivnosti, kao i svih ostalih mogućih nedostataka, povratnu informaciju ispravnosti donesnih odluka te precizniji iskaz potrebnog vremena i troška aktivnosti. Ranim uočavanjem, i alarmiranjem, svih rizičnih, nepovoljnih radnji, pružene su mogućnosti za pravodobno poduzimanje odgovarajućih, korektivnih mjera i provedbu poboljšanja. Bežične tehnologije pružaju znatan potencijal za primjenu u svrhu praćenja progresa rada i procjene produktivnosti. Međutim, dosadašnja istraživanja ukazuju na nedostatke i ograničenja. Potrebna su daljnja istraživanja njihovih velikih potencijala, a moguće rješenje problematike i kompleksnosti u praćenju progresa rada i procjene produktivnosti predstavlja integracija različitih bežičnih tehnologija. Vizualne tehnologije su, pritom, neizostavno područje bežičnih tehnologija za razvoj odgovarajuće, pouzdane, vjerodostojne, brze i ekonomične metodologije za praćenje progresa izvedbe zemljanih radova uz točnu procjenu produktivnosti građevinskih strojeva.Monitoring the progress of earthmoving operations while accurately estimating productivity of construction equipment provides a detailed insight into the performance, early detection of low productivity, as well as any other possible defects. It also provides feedback on the correctness of the decisions made and a more accurate report of the time and cost necessary for the activity. Early detection and warning of all the risky, unfavorable actions provides opportunities to timely take appropriate corrective measures and make improvements. Wireless technologies offer considerable potential for application in order to monitor work progress and evaluate productivity. However, the previous studies indicate shortcomings and limitations. Future research attention on their considerable potential is needed. The integration of various wireless technologies is a possible solution to the problem and complexity of monitoring work progress and productivity estimates. In this matter, vision-based technologies are an indispensable field of wireless technologies for the development of an appropriate, reliable, credible, fast and cost-effective methodology of monitoring the progress of earthmoving works with accurate estimation of the productivity of construction machines

Protocol Proposal for Data Collection and Processing in Productivity Assessment of Earthworks Using Audio-Visual and Location-Sensing Technology

During earthworks, monitoring and controlling the actual productivity of construction machines enables insight into the progress of tasks, calculation of expected duration and costs, favorable use and allocation of machines, and the application of appropriate decisions and corrective measures, which is of great interest to contractors. Excavators and tipper trucks are primarily used in earthworks. Manual collection of data from the construction site to assess the actual productivity of machines is today considered an outdated, time-consuming, and subjective method. Therefore, audio–visual and sensing technology devices are replacing manual data collection. The paper aims to propose an innovative protocol for optimal recording/tracking of the work of excavators and tipper trucks using audio–visual (a video camera or smartphone) and location-sensing technology (GPS). The protocol proposal enables a precise statement of the time cycle of excavators and tipper trucks and an estimate of their actual productivity. The application of the protocol proposal on the construction site demonstrated its practicality and functionality

THE IMPORTANCE OF VISION-BASED TECHNOLOGIES FOR PROGRESS MONITORING AND PRODUCTIVITY ASSESSMENT OF EARTHMOVING OPERATIONS

Praćenje progresa izvedbe zemljanih radova uz točnu procjenu produktivnosti građevinskih strojeva omogućuje detaljan uvid u tijek izvedbe, ranu detekciju slabe produktivnosti, kao i svih ostalih mogućih nedostataka, povratnu informaciju ispravnosti donesnih odluka te precizniji iskaz potrebnog vremena i troška aktivnosti. Ranim uočavanjem, i alarmiranjem, svih rizičnih, nepovoljnih radnji, pružene su mogućnosti za pravodobno poduzimanje odgovarajućih, korektivnih mjera i provedbu poboljšanja. Bežične tehnologije pružaju znatan potencijal za primjenu u svrhu praćenja progresa rada i procjene produktivnosti. Međutim, dosadašnja istraživanja ukazuju na nedostatke i ograničenja. Potrebna su daljnja istraživanja njihovih velikih potencijala, a moguće rješenje problematike i kompleksnosti u praćenju progresa rada i procjene produktivnosti predstavlja integracija različitih bežičnih tehnologija. Vizualne tehnologije su, pritom, neizostavno područje bežičnih tehnologija za razvoj odgovarajuće, pouzdane, vjerodostojne, brze i ekonomične metodologije za praćenje progresa izvedbe zemljanih radova uz točnu procjenu produktivnosti građevinskih strojeva.Monitoring the progress of earthmoving operations while accurately estimating productivity of construction equipment provides a detailed insight into the performance, early detection of low productivity, as well as any other possible defects. It also provides feedback on the correctness of the decisions made and a more accurate report of the time and cost necessary for the activity. Early detection and warning of all the risky, unfavorable actions provides opportunities to timely take appropriate corrective measures and make improvements. Wireless technologies offer considerable potential for application in order to monitor work progress and evaluate productivity. However, the previous studies indicate shortcomings and limitations. Future research attention on their considerable potential is needed. The integration of various wireless technologies is a possible solution to the problem and complexity of monitoring work progress and productivity estimates. In this matter, vision-based technologies are an indispensable field of wireless technologies for the development of an appropriate, reliable, credible, fast and cost-effective methodology of monitoring the progress of earthmoving works with accurate estimation of the productivity of construction machines

Group decision-making in civil engineering based on AHP and PROMETHEE methods

The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and PROMETHEE have gained increasing attention in the field of construction management as techniques for the analysis of complex situations and as decision support for decision makers. However, these two methods in themselves or their potential applications to problems of construction management are not sufficiently defined in the existing literature. The environment of group decision-making bring even more challenges. This paper consolidates and critically discusses the current knowledge on the application of AHP and PROMETHEE methods in the light of the specifics of the construction industry. A systematic literature review was used to select the contributions indexed in the databases Scopus and Web of Science. The findings indicate that the studies deal with broad topics and different aspects in different phases of civil engineering projects. This paper provides a useful reference work for researchers and practitioners interested in the application of AHP and PROMEETHEE as tools for group decision-making in civil engineering