Calicophoron daubneyi (Diginea: Paramphiszomidae): Účinnost anthelmintik u přirozeně infikovaného skotu

The effectiveness of anthelmintics in the treatment of paramphistomosis in farm animals in the Czech Republic has not been sufficiently investigated. This study was focused on selected breeds of beef cattle. Identification of Calicophoron daubneyi was performed by sedimentation and verified by PCR using the 5.8S rRNA gene. Animals were treated specifically for C. daubneyi infection only. Totally 400 positive animals were included in the study. The anthelmintic Closamectin (Closantel/Ivermectin) was evaluated as the most effective veterinary medicinal product with an efficiency of 80%, followed by Distocur (Oxyclozanid) with an efficiency of 78%, Aldifal (Albendazol) with an efficiency of 71% and Levatum Plus (Ivermectin/Clorsulon) with an efficiency of 62%.Účinnost anthelmintik při léčbě paramfistózy u hospodářských zvířat v České republice není dostatečně prozkoumána. Tato studie byla zaměřena na vybraná plemena masného skotu. Identifikace Calicophoron daubneyi byla provedena sedimentací a ověřena pomocí PCR s využitím genu 5,8S rRNA. Zvířata byla léčena specificky pouze na infekci C. daubneyi. Do studie bylo zařazeno celkem 400 pozitivních zvířat. Jako nejúčinnější veterinární léčivý přípravek bylo vyhodnoceno anthelmintikum Closamectin (Closantel/Ivermectin) s účinností 80 %, následované Distocurem (Oxyclozanid) s účinností 78 %, Aldifalem (Albendazol) s účinností 71 % a Levatum Plus (Ivermectin/Clorsulon) s účinností 62 %

Vliv probiotických krmných doplňků na funkční stav bachoru

The aim of this study was to determine how the administration of probiotic feed supplements affects selected parameters rumen environment of cattle, how it impresses the basic chemical and biological processes in the rumen, and also to check their influence on the total digestibility of feed in the cannulated cattle. For the experiment two adult cows of Aberdeen Angus breed with implanted permanent cannula were used, whom probiotics Bifidobacterium sp. were administered daily and subsequently the degradability of the organic matter was determined by the in sacco method. From the samples of rumen fluid, the amount of ammonia, volatile fatty acids, ciliates and pH were analyzed. The impact of probiotics has not been demonstrated in testing the influence of probiotics on the different variables with fixed effect of an individual. When testing the influence of probiotics without the effect of an individual, in the linear model, obtained data of acetic and butyric acid were the best. In their dependence, numbers of protozoa were increasing. However, only two experiment individuals were tested, a strong effect of the individual was found. These results indicate that the effect of probiotics Bifidobacterium sp. on the functional state of the rumen is low.Cílem této studie bylo zjistit, jak podávání probiotických krmných doplňků ovlivňuje vybrané parametry bachorového prostředí, jak působí na základní chemické a biologické procesy v bachoru, a také jejich vliv na celkovou stravitelnost krmiva kanylovaných krav. V pokusu byly použity dvě dospělé krávy plemene Aberdeen-angus se zavedenou permanentní kanylou, kterým byla denně podávána probiotika Bifidobacterium sp. a následně stanovena degradovatelnost organické hmoty metodou in sacco. Z odebraných vzorku bachorové tekutiny bylo analyzováno množství amoniaku, těkavé mastné kyseliny, nálevníci a pH. Při testování vlivu probiotik na jednotlivé proměnné, s pevným efektem jedince nebyl vliv probiotik prokázán. Při testování bez efektu jedince vyšla v lineárním modelu nejlépe popisujícím má data kyselina octová a máselná. V jejich závislosti se zvyšovaly počty protozoí. Jelikož byli použiti pouze dva pokusní jedinci, je zde silný efekt jedince. Z těchto výsledků vyplývá, že vliv probiotik Bifidobacterium sp. na funkční stav bachoru je nízký. Tyto výsledky mohly být ovlivněny nízkým počtem replikací aplikace probiotik a také nízkým počtem zvířat

Vliv četnosti přihrnování na chování zvířat, příjem sušiny a dojivost dojnic

This study evaluated the effect of different feed pushing-up frequencies on the behavior, dry matter intake and milk production of dairy cows in the first lactation. In each monitoring, 32 - 37 dairy cows of Czech spotted cattle at the peak of lactation were represented. After the feed was delivered to cows, the feed was pushed-up 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 times in 5 different frequencies within 12 hours. Each frequency was monitored for 1 month in four repetitions. The behavior of dairy cows during feeding was monitored for 15 minutes after the feed delivery and after each food pushing-up. We evaluated how often the dairy cows came to the feeding table, how they used mixed ration and milk production. The frequency of feed pushing-ups has shown an effect on the dairy cow\u27s milk yield. As a result of the 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 feed pushing-up frequencies, the average milk production per cow per day was 24.52; 25.84; 25.48; 25.78; 26.03 kg. Also feed conversion increased with the frequency of feed pushing-ups to 1.22; 1.29; 1.25; 1.30 and 1.30 kg of milk from 1 kg of received dry matter. TMR dry matter utilization increased by 1% on average.Tato studie hodnotila vliv různých četností přihrnutí krmiva na chování dojnic, příjem sušiny a mléčnou produkci dojnic na první laktaci. V každém sledování bylo zastoupeno 32 - 37 dojnic českého strakatého skotu na vrcholu laktace. Bylo zvoleno 5 frekvencí přihrnutí krmiva během 12 hodin od jeho založení. Počet přihrnutí byl 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Doba sledování každé frekvence byla 1 měsíc ve čtyřech opakováních. Chování dojnic během krmení bylo sledováno po dobu 15 minut od založení krmiva a každého přihrnutí. Hodnocena byla návštěvnost dojnic u krmného stolu, využití směsné krmné dávky dojnicí a produkce mléka. Frekvence přihrnování krmiva prokázala vliv na mléčnou užitkovost dojnice. Průměrná produkce mléka na kus a den činila 24,52; 25,84; 25,48; 25,78; 26,03 kg pro frekvence přihrnutí 2, 3, 4, 5 a 6. Konverze krmiva se zvýšila s četností přihrnutí na 1,22; 1,29; 1,25; 1,30; 1,30 kg mléka z 1 kg přijaté sušiny. Využití sušiny TMR se v průměru zvýšilo o 1%

Vliv probiotik ve výživě telat na hmotnostní přírůstky živé hmotnosti a zdravotní stav

This paper aims to monitor the impact of Lactobacillus sporogenes (LS), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), the combination thereof Lactobacillus sporogenes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CLS) on the health status and the live weight gain in calves compared to a control group (C). The experiment took place in the period from March 2022 to March 2023. 100 Holstein heifers in the age from 1 to 56 days were included in the experiment. The differences in live weight gain were significant when the live weight gains were compared in the first 14 days after birth between the CLS vs C group (63,36.72 ± 4.81 vs 59.55 ± 4.55, P 0.05. The impact on decrease and duration of diarrhea was not proved statistically P = 0.0634. However, a tendency to decrease the occurrence and duration thereof was proved. The impact of feed additives on the transmission of passive immunity in calves in their first week of life was not proved as statistically significant.Cílem této studie bylo sledovat vliv Lactobacillus sporogenes (LS), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) a jejich kombinaci Lactobacillus sporogenes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CLS) na zdravotní stav a přírůstek živé hmotnosti telat oproti skupině kontrolní (C). Pokus se uskutečnil v období březen 2022 až březen 2023. Do pokusu bylo zařazeno celkem 100 holštýnských jaloviček ve stáří 1 až 56 dní. Rozdíly v přírůstku živé hmotnosti byly významné, pokud byly porovnány hmotnostní přírůstky ve 14. dech po narození mezi skupinou CLS vs C (63,36.72 ± 4.81 vs 59.55 ± 4.55, P < 0.05) a v 56 dnech po narození mezi skupinu CLS vs C, LS vs C a SC vs C (87.34 ± 4.95 kg vs 83.15 ± 5.32 kg, P < 0.01; 86.41 ± 5.34 kg vs 83.15 ± 5.32 kg, P < 0.05 a 85.92 ± 5.86 kg vs 83.15 ± 5.32 kg, P < 0.05). Rozdíly v přírůstku živé hmotnosti mezi pokusnými skupinami nebyly statisticky prokázány P > 0.05. Vliv na snížení výskytu a trvání průjmových onemocnění nebyl statisticky prokázán P = 0.0634, ovšem byla zde prokázána tendence ke snížení jejich výskytů a době trvání. Statisticky významný nebyl prokázán vliv krmných aditiv na přenos pasivní imunity u telat v prvním týdnu života

Conjoined Twins in Guinea Pigs: A Case Report

The report describes a unique case of newborn conjoined twins in guinea pigs (Cavia aperea f. porcellus). Connected twins in guinea pigs have been very rare, and there are only a few previous reported cases. The newborns were stillborn in breeding in the Czech Republic in 2020 as two bodies conjoined into one. The external and internal structure of the body and the type of connection of both of the bodies are described. The weights of selected internal organs of the twins are compared with those of normally developed newborn guinea pigs

Technology for Intensive Poultry Production as a Source of Odour Emissions with Time-Varying Intensity

The technology for intensive broiler breeding using deep litter method provides convenient conditions for production of odour substances inside the barn. As a consequence, there are relatively high odour emissions in the breeding area and its surrounding, which has significant impacts on the life quality of both people and animals. The amount of produced emissions increases in time because it is closely related to the amount of poultry droppings accumulated in litter inside the barn. This paper deals with changes in odour intensity depending on time measured since the beginning of broiler fattening. Odour intensity was measured by methods of dynamic olfactometry. The estimated values gradually increased from 45 ouE·m-3 to the highest value of 259 ouE·m-3, which was determined in the final fattening phase (broilers’ age 33 days). The calculated odour substances emission values were in range from 0.02 ouE·s-1·bird-1 at the beginning of fattening up to 0.10 ouE·s-1·bird-1 in the final fattening phase. Odour emissions increased five times during the fattening period

The Effect of Stable Microclimate on Milk Production of Dairy Cattle

In the experiment were detected changes of air temperature and relative humidity inside the free-stall barn. It is affecting the welfare of stabled dairy cows of two different groups according to the stage of lactation during the summer. The effects of microclimate individual parameters in the barn were assessed on the basis of the temperature-humidity index in relation to milk production. From the research, it was found that the animals are housed in suitable microclimate conditions barn were not subject to heat stress without major loss of milk production. The contribution includes information about the values of decrease or increase milk production, depending on the temperature-humidity index. It highlights the importance of determining the temperature-humidity index of stables. Temperature-humidity index can be a useful tool for determining of thermal stress in different sections of the barn. However, it would be appropriate this method of calculating the temperature-humidity index improved and supplemented with the other climatic factors

Effect of Feed Supplements on the Occurrence of Coccidia Oocysts in the Digestive Tract of Pheasants

Received: 2015-07-16   |   Accepted: 2016-05-20   |   Available online: 2016-05-30dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2016.19.02.51-53The occurrence of coccidiosis is an enormous problem of pheasant farming. The aim of this study is to show, that this disease can be cured by unconventional dietary supplements.  Dietary supplements which were used in this study were as follows: prebiotics (Ascophyllum nodosum), probiotics (Lactobacillus thermophilus) and homeopathics. Four groups of pheasants were made - three experimental groups and one control group. All groups were consisted of 12 individuals. The pheasant Phasianus colchicus was used in this experiment. Dietary supplements were served for 30days. The favourable effect of homeopatics (P < 0.05) and Lactobacillus thermophilus (P < 0.05) on the intestinal tract of pheasant was statistical significant.Keywords: Eimeria tenella, homeopatics, prebiotics, probiotics, Phasianus colchicusReferences Ayed, M.H. and Ghaoui, F. (2011) Efficiency of supplementing Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus for improved growth performance and carcass yield in broilers. Research Opinions in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, vol. 1, pp. 371-374.Berchieri, A. et al. (2006) Evaluation of isopathic treatment of Salmonella enteritidis in poultry. Homeopathy, vol. 95, pp. 4-97.Dibaji, S.M., Seidavi, A. and Asadpour, L. (2012) Effect of dietary inclusion of the synbiotic Biomin IMBO on broilers’ some blood metabolites. Research Opinions in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, vol. 2, pp. 10-13.FULLER, R. (1989) Probiotics in man and animals. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, vol. 66, pp. 365-378. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1989.tb05105.xGASSAL, S. (2003) Untersuchungen zum Ekto- und Endoparasitenbefall von Fasanhähnen (Phasianus colchicus). Dissertation, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät der Universität Leipzig, p 255.Houndonougbo, M.F., Chrysostome, C.A.A.M. and Amoussa, Z.L.A.O. (2011) Tchoukoutou residue and yogurt as feed additives in broilers feed. Research Opinions in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, vol. 1, pp. 597-600.KALAC, P. (2003) Functional foods – Steps to Health. Czech Budejovice, Dona, p. 130 (in Czech).Khan, R.U., Rahman, Z., Javed, I. and Muhammad, F. (2012) Effect of vitamins, probiotics and protein on semen traits in post-molt male broiler breeders. Animal Reproduction Science, vol. 135, no. 4, pp. 85-90.Panda, A.K. et al. (2003) Production performance, serum/yolk cholesterol and immune competence of white leghorn layers as influenced by dietary supplementation with probiotic. Tropical Animal Health and Production, vol. 35, pp. 85-94.ROCHA, D.R.A. and PACHECO, R.D.L. (2006) Amarante AFT, Efficacy of homeopathic treatment against natural infection of sheep by gastrointestinal nematodes. Brasilia Journal Parasitology Veteterinaria, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 24-27.Sojoudi, M.R., Dadashbeiki, M. and Bouyeh, M. (2012) Effects of different levels of symbiotic.  Research Opinions in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, vol. 2, pp. 243-248.STREITZ, E. (2006) Alternative additives – an area with great potential. DGS Magazin, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 30-33.Velkers, F.C. et al. (2005) Isopathic and pluralist homeopathic treatment of commercial broilers with experimentally induced colibacillosis. Research Veterinary Science, vol. 78, pp. 77-83. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2004.06.00

Current Options for Measuring the Surface Temperature of Dairy Cattle in a Stable Technology: Review

Regular measurement of the body surface temperature can help to assess the health status of animals. There are many technological possibilities of contactless temperature measurement of body surface. The important thing is to find the right part of the body whose temperature will point to the first possible symptoms and immediately react to the first signs of the disease. Disagreements about how to measure body surface temperature and accuracy of the method can occur when different measures are used. We review work showing possibilities of contactless surface temperature measurements using 1) thermography, 2) electronic transponders and 3) other possibilities of measuring the body surface temperature of dairy cattle. For example, when we scan the surface temperature with the thermal imager there can operate in individual animals confounding factors such as the nature or degree of muscular coat, which may significantly affect the results