The natural fibers as reinforcing elements of the polymeric matrices of composite systems

katedra: KMT; rozsah: 34 s.Předmětem diplomové práce je seznámení s přírodními rostlinnými vlákny a jejich využitím jako vyztužujících prvků vícesměrných kompozitních systémů s polymerní matricí. Za přírodní vlákna byl vybrán bambus a technické konopí. Polymer použitý jako matrice kompozitního systému byl polypropylen. Pro zlepšení kvality vytvářeného mezifázového rozhraní mezi vyztužujícími vlákny a matricí, vzniklého v důsledku spojování hydrofilního a hydrofobního materiálu, bylo použito studené plazma, kterým byl modifikován povrch práškového polymeru. Za účelem dosažení různé povrchové modifikace byly jako pracovní plyny použity kyslík a vzduch.The aim of diploma thesis is an introduction of the natural fibers and their using as reinforcing elements of the multi-axials composite systems with the polymeric matrix. Bamboo and industrial hemp have been selected as natural fibers. Polypropylene has been used as the matrix material of composite system. Cold plasma, by which has been modified surface of powder polymer, has been used for improvement of quality an interphase boundary between the reinforcing fibers and the matrix, that have been made as a result of coupling the hydrophile and the hydrophobic material. Oxygen and air have been used as working gases for purpose to enhance various surface treatment

VPLYV SILÁŽNYCH ADITÍV NA FERMENTÁCIU VLHKÉHO MIAGANÉHO KUKURIČNÉHO ZRNA

The objective of this work was to find influence of different silage additives on silages fermentation and nutritional value made from high moisture crimped corn, which were conserved in semi experimental conditions. Three variants were examined, untreated control (C), and two experimental variants conserved by biological (variant A) and chemical (variant B) additives. The maize crimped corn was hermetically filled into plastic bins with the capacity 50 dm3. In silage conserved by additives was lower content of crude fibre (significantly in both experimental variants) and higher content of nitrogen free extract, starch and total sugars (significantly in variant A) established. In silages form both experimental variants we found significantly lower content of lactic acid. The highest concent we detected in silage conserved without additives. In silage conserved by biological inoculant we found lower content of acetic acid and higher content of butyric acid, but their content was generally very low. Additives used in the experiment decreased content of amonia (0.074 g.kg-1 in variant A and 0.095 g.kg-1 of dry matter in variant B) and alcohols too.Cieľom tejto práce bolo zistenie vplyvu rozličných silážnych aditív na fermentáciu a výživnú hodnotu siláží vyrobených z vlhkého kukuričného miaganého kukuričného zrna, konzervovaného v poloprevádzkových podmienkach. Experiment zahŕňal 3 varianty, kontrolný variant (C) – bez prídavku aditív a 2 pokusné varianty ošetrené pomocou biologických (A) a chemických (B) aditív. Kukuričné zrno bolo natlačené do plastových silážnych kontajnerov s objemom 50 dm3 a hermeticky uzatvorené. Siláže s prídavkom aditív sa vyznačovali nižším obsahom hrubej vlákniny (preukazné v oboch variantoch) a vyšším obsahom bezdusíkatých látok výťažkových, škrobu a celkových cukrov (preukazné vo variante A). V silážach variantov A a B sme zistili nižší obsah kyseliny octovej. Jej najvyšší obsah sme zaznamenali v silážach konzervovaných bez prídavku aditív. V silážach zakonzervovaných biologickým inokulantom sme zistili nižší obsah kyseliny octovej a vyšší obsah kyseliny maslovej, pričom ich obsah bol veľmi nízky. Aditíva použité v experimente znížili obsah amoniaku (0,074 g.kg-1 vo variante A and 0,095 g.kg-1 sušiny vo variante B) a tiež alkoholov v silážach

The effect of dha omega-3 feeding in the high yielding holstein herd

The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of supplementary feeding of DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid) rich algae product (Algae STM Alltech Inc.) on production of milk, fat and protein as well as on reproduction of high yielding Holstein dairy herd. Field trial was set up on Top 10 dairy farm in western part of Slovakia, under commercial conditions. The data of high yielding dairy cows, separated in two groups of 30 (control) and 29 (trial) animals, were recorded for period of 3 subsequent months from October to December 2015. Animals were fed once a day Total Mixed Ration based diet with different feed mixture composition in trial group (+100 g Algae STM Alltech Inc. per cow and day). Performance data were collected in accordance with official milk recording system of Breeding Services of Slovak Republic s. e. and milk samples were collected once per month according to the A4 standard methodology. The control group showed higher level of milk production compared to trial. Our study indicated that the feeding of algae caused milk fat depression and generally lower protein content in milk. Significant impact of algae feeding was found also for the level of urea in milk. In addition, the supplementary feeding of DHA may represent effective strategy to increase the percentage of pregnancies per inseminations in lactating dairy cows

Application possibilities of thermovision technique in diagnostics of aerial systems of radio transmitters

The paper deals with possibilities of use of thermovision technique in diagnostics of aerial systems of radio transmitters. Graphically presented: heating characteristic of the junction at the transmitter power of 60 % (slack and polluted junction); relationship between temperature of connection (feeder ‐ line, capacitor frame) spacing collar and power; relationship between temperature rise amount of connection and feeder line upon power; thermogram of the junction feeder line ‐ spacing collar, capacity frame; thermogram of the junction feeder line ‐ spacing collar. First Published Online: 27 Oct 201

THE QUALITY OF MAIZE SILAGES FROM WEST REGION OF SLOVAKIA

The aim of this work was to determine the quality of maize silages from Western Slovak Region analyzed in 2009 and 2010 on the Department of animal nutrition, Faculty of agrobiology and food resources, Slovak university of agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia. Maize silages were evaluated on the base of nutritional value, the result of fermentation process and silage quality according to Regulation of the Government of Slovak Republic no. 439/2006, appendix no.7, part C – Silage. We found in maize silages the average dry matter content 357.87 g.kg-1 (2009) and 340.00 g.kg-1 (2010) while only in 2010 samples had got 15.4 % of dry matter content below 300 g.kg-1. Content of crude fiber was lower than 260 g.kg-1 of dry matter in all samples. Higher content of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber had maize silages from 2010. The average value of net energy of lactation was 6.32 MJ.kg-1 of dry matter (2009) and 6.27 MJ.kg-1 of dry matter (2010). Only in one sample from 2010 we found a lower lactic acid content than 10 g.kg-1 of original matter. Content of acetic acid was lower in silages from 2009 (24.33 g.kg-1 of dry matter) in comparison with silages from 2010 (28.92 g.kg-1 of dry matter). Undesirable butyric acid was not found in maize silages. The value of pH fluctuated from 3.52 to 3.80 (2009) and from 3.58 to 4.14 (2010). Only 17 % of evaluated samples satisfied the criteria for silage of I. class in 2009 and 23 % in 2010 mainly because of the higher acetic acid content

PROMJENE HRANJIVIH TVARI U KOLOSTRUMU KRMAČE U PRVIH 12 SATI NAKON POČETKA PRASENJA

Colostrum is the specific first diet of mammalian neonates and plays an important role in neonatal growth and development. The composition and quantity of colostrum and milk produced by sows is an important factor in successful piglet production. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in sow colostrum nutrients in the first 12 hours postpartum. The concentrations of dry matter, crude protein, fat and lactose in sow colostrum were quantified in 20 sows (Large White with various lactation numbers and various litter sizes) at 6 time points throughout first 12 hours from the beginning of farrowing. One sample of colostrum (10 mL) represented the secretion from one gland. Samples were stored at – 20 °C. Dry matter content was the highest in 2 hours after the beginning of farrowing (21.91%) and its concentration decreased during the first 12 hours to 18.74%. Crude protein concentration during the first 12 hours of lactation declined by nearly 35%. The fat concentration in colostrum gradually increased during the first 12 hours. The lowest concentration of colostrum fat (3.43%) was 2 hours from the beginning of farrowing. The lactose concentration (2.82%) was the lowest on 2 hours from beginning of farrowing and its concentration increased during the first 10 hours to 3.55%. The decrease in total protein and dry matter, and the concomitant rise in fat and lactose content, appears to signal the transition from colostrum to milk.Kolostrum je specifična prva hrana novorođenih sisavaca te igra važnu ulogu u njihovu rastu i razvoju. Sastav i količina kolostruma i mlijeka, što ih proizvodi krmača, važan su čimbenik za uspješnu proizvodnju praščića. Cilj ovog rada bio je odrediti promjene hranjivih tvari u kolostrumu krmače u prvih 12 sati postpartum. Koncentracije suhe tvari, sirovih bjelančevina, masti i laktoze u kolostrumu krmače izmjereni su u 20 krmača (Large White različitog broja laktacija i različitih veličina legla) 6 puta u tijeku prvih 12 sati od početka prasenja. Jedan uzorak kolostruma (10 ml) predstavljao je sekreciju jedne žlijezde. Uzorci su spremljeni na -20 C. Sadržaj suhe tvari bio je najviši 2 sata nakon početka prasenja (21.91%) a njezina koncentracija se smanjila kroz 12 sati na 18.74%. Koncentracija sirovih bjelančevina za vrijeme prvih 12 sati laktacije pala je za gotovo 35%. Koncentracija masti u kolostrumu postepeno je rasla za vrijeme prvih 12 sati. Najniže koncentracije masti u kolostrumu (3.43%) bile su 2 sata nakon početka prasenja. Koncentracija laktoze (2.82%) bila je najniža 2 sata nakon početka prasenja i ona se povećala u prvih 10 sati na 3.55%. Pad ukupnih bjelančevina i suhe tvari te istovremeno povećanje sadržaja masti izgleda da upozoravaju na prijelaz iz kolostruma u mlijeko

IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN COLOSTRUM OF SOWS WITH PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME - PRRS

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of PRRS occurrence on sow colostrum immunological quality. We realised the experiment on 20 sows (breed: Large white). From farm without presences of PRRS were 10 sows and other 10 sows were from farm with presence of PRRS. We took the samples of sows colostrums during sucking. We detected concentration of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) in sows colostrum in time of 0 hours to 12 hours after beginning of farrowing with pig Ig ELISA quantitation kits. We determined statistically significant (P0.01) higher concentration of IgG at the beginning of farrowing, 3 hours, 6 hours and 12 hours from beginning of farrowing in favour of farm without presence of PRRS. We determined statistically significant (P0.01) higher concentration of IgA at 6 and 12 hours from beginning of farrowing in favour of farm without presence of PRRS. We determined statistically significant (P0.01) higher concentration of IgM at 6 and 12 hours from beginning of farrowing in favour of farm without presence of PRRS. Lower concentrations of colostral immunoglobulins in group with PRRS can be caused of presence of PRRS. Virus PRRS can evocate synthesis of cytokine IL-10, which inhibited the function of macrophages and lymphocytes and so PRRS decrease the production of immunoglobulins and their concentration in blood of sows and consequently also concentration of immunoglobulins in sows colostrum

THE EFFECT OF BIOLOGICAL SILAGE ADDITIVE ON MYCOTOXIN CONCENTRATIONS IN MIXTURE SILAGES OF FABA BEAN, OAT AND ALFALFA

The influence of bacterial additive on concentration of mycotoxins in mixture silages of faba bean, oat and alfalfa with high dry matter content was studied. The fresh stuff was harvested in pods formation stage of faba bean and after considerable wilting it was cut in to 20 mm particles and stuffed into silage bags. We ensiled the mixture in the control variant without additives and in the trial variant with liquid additive with following biological constituents: Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus lactis, Pedioccus acidilacti at a dose of 0.5 liter per ton. The samples were examined for the nutritive value and mycotoxins content (deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, zearalenone and total fumonisins, ochratoxins) by direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Zearalenone was the secondary metabolite of microscopic fungi with the highest concentration. This study suggests that application of bacterial additive can significantly reduce the concentration of zearalenone and total fumonisins in mixture silages of faba bean, oat and alfalfa.Proučavan je utjecaj bakterijskog dodatka na koncentraciju mikotoksina u smjesama silaže faba graha, zobi i lucerne visokog sadržaja suhe tvari. Svježa tvar je brana u stadiju stvaranja mahuna faba graha te nakon znatnog uvenuća narezana na male dijelove od 20 mm i utrpana u vreće za silažu. Kontrolnu smjesu smo silirali bez dodatka a pokusnu varijantu s tekućim dodatkom sljedećih bioloških sastojaka: Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus lactis i Pedioccus acidilacti u dozi od 0.5 l po toni. Uzorci su ispitani na hranjivu vrijednost i sadržaj mikotoksina (deoksinivalenol,T-2 toksin, zearalenon i ukupni fuminozini, ohratoksini) direktnim kompetitivnim imunosorbentnim enzimskim testom. Zearalenon je bio sekundarni metabolit mikroskopskih gljivica najviše koncentracije. Ovaj rad navodi na zaključak da primjena bakterijskog dodatka može značajno smanjiti koncentraciju zearalenona i ukupnih fumonizina u smjesama silaže faba graha, zobi i lucerne