The Influence of Calcium Intake During the Period of Sexual Maturation of Pullets on its Retention and Eggshell Quality of Laying Hens

The aim of the study was to determine the calcium requirements in preparation period of the sexual mature and egg-laying and evaluate development of calcium retention in the first laying period of the hybrid combination Bovans Brown hens. The experimental trial lasted from 14 to 30 weeks of hens age. The animals were fed ad libitum with a pelleted complete feed mixture with 42 g/kg of calcium content. The amount of calcium retained by pullets gradually increased along with feed intake depending on age and preparation for sexual maturity and was around 0.39 +- 0.19 g Ca in the first period. Ca retention increased up to an average of 0.85 g Ca from 8 day before laying the first egg. Retention dropped sharply on the day of laying the 1st egg and a negative Ca balance occurred. Shell output was 1.75 +- 0.21 g/day for the beginning of laying and subsequently increased to 2.23 +- 0.08 g/ day during evaluate peak laying. The range weight of the first laid eggs was 45 +- 5 g. Percentage of eggshell move around an average of 10 +- 0.37% throughout the observed period. The daily calcium intake of pullets was 3.56 +- 0.26 g/day. With the beginning of laying, the daily intake increased to an average of 4.51 +- 0.43 g/day Ca. Before reaching sexual maturity, the calcium apparent digestibility of laying hens was relatively low, averaging around 22%, but the moment the hens began to lay, the apparent calcium digestibility began to increase to an average of 50%. Feeding a non-standard feed mixture with a higher calcium content than usual in mixtures for pullets did not have a negative effect on the finishing of animal development, the onset of sexual maturity, or deterioration of the observed parameters of eggs quality.O

The effect of calcium and magnesium supplementation on performance and bone strength of broiler chickens

Aim of the experiment was evaluation of the effect of reduced calcium and magnesium content in the broiler chickens diet on its parameters of fattening, bone strength and calcium and magnesium content in liver. The trial was performed with cockerels of Ross 308 hybrid (n = 160) which were fattened in cage batteries from day 11th to 36th day of age. Cockerels were divided into 4 groups (differ in various intake levels of calcium and magnesium) in four replications. The maize-wheat-soybean basal diet contained 2.33 g Ca and 1.58 g Mg per kilogram. Calcium was added by CaCO3 and magnesium by MgSO4. Control group (C) received feed mixture with added CaCO3 in dose of 19.49 g.kg-1 and 0.41 g.kg-1 of MgSO4. Three experimental groups contain added CaCO3 in dose of 11.83 g.kg-1 and 0 g.kg-1 MgSO4 (group Exp1); CaCO3 11.83 g.kg-1 and 0.41 g.kg-1 MgSO4 (group Exp2); CaCO3 19.49 g.kg-1 and 0 g.kg-1 MgSO4 (group Exp3), respectively. The feed consumption was daily monitored and the cockerels were weighed twice a week. At the end of the study the experimental animals were weighted and slaughtered by decapitation. The weight of carcasses, liver and proportion of breast and thigh muscle was determined in the selected chickens (n = 24). The atomic absorption spectrometry was used for Ca and Mg evaluation in liver tissues. Bone strength parameter was measured at the femur bone. The statistically significant differences (p >0.05) were not detected between control and experimental groups in the case of studied parameters of fattening, bone strength and calcium and magnesium content in the chicken's liver. Based on the obtained results it could be concluded the reduction of determined elements in the chicken diet did not deteriorate parameters of yield, elements content in liver tissue as well as the bone strength of broiler chickens.O

Caraway (Carum carvi L.) in Fast-growing and Slow-Growing Broiler Chickens' Diets and its Effect on Performance, Digestive Tract Morphology and Blood Biochemical Profile

The aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of caraway (1%) in fast-growing and slow-growing broiler chickens' diet and its effect on performance parameters, blood biochemical profile, and relative organ sizes and ileum morphology in slow-growing broilers. Two separated experiments were performed. On the first day of age, the broilers were divided into two equal groups (Control and Caraway) with six replicates per treatment in both experiments. Experiment I: The total of 276 male fast-growing Ross 308 broiler chickens were used. The trial lasted from the first day to 35th day of chickens' age. Experiment II: The total of 216 male slow-growing (Hubbard JA 57) broilers were used. The trial lasted from the first to 50th day of chickens' age. Mean liveweight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, blood biochemical parameters and relative organ sizes were not significantly different in these trials. The group of slow-growing broilers supplemented with 1% of caraway in the diet showed longer villi and deeper crypt in the ileum after 50 days of life. Based on our results, it can be stated that the proportion of 1% caraway in fast-growing and slow-growing broiler chickens' diet did not influence performance parameters, blood biochemical profile and relative organ sizes. In case of the experiment with the slow-growing broilers supplemented with caraway, a significant difference in the height of the villi and the depth of the crypts was found. Caraway can be included in the broiler chickens' diets without negative effects, but further study of the effect on the intestinal morphology is necessary.O

The effect of hempseed expellers on selected quality indicators of broiler chicken's meat

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of feeding hempseed expellers in a feed mixture on the quality indicators of broiler chicken's meat. One hundred and fifty Ross 308 hybrid cockerels were used in the present study. The control group (HS0) was fed without hempseed expellers; the other two groups received diets containing 50 g.kg-1 and 150 g.kg-1 of hempseed expellers (HS5 and HS15, respectively). The birds were slaughtered at the age of 37 days, and samples of breast and thigh muscles were collected for determination of proximate chemical composition and technological properties, and sensory analyses. Feeding with hempseed expellers influenced the colour of meat with a significant difference observed for a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) values in the HS15 group. The colour of breast meat in HS15 group is more intense compared to HS5 and HS0 groups. Breast meat was evaluated as the best in terms of odour for HS15 group compared to HS0. The colour of thigh meat was better rated in the HSE supplemented groups compared to the controls. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with hempseed expellers appears to affect the colour and odour of broiler chicken's meat which is positive for the consumers. Including hempseed cakes can be recommended as a component of broiler chicken's feed.O

Influence of feeding colored wheat varieties on selected quality parameters of broiler chicken’s meat

The effect of feeding colored wheat varieties (PS&nbsp;Karkulka and Skorpion) on chicken&acute;s performance and texture, color and sensory characteristics of broiler chicken&acute;s meat were evaluated in this study. The experiment was performed with 66 of Ross 308 cockerels. Cockerels were divided into three equal groups. The two experimental groups received feed mixtures containing 40% of wheats with different grain colour: groups PS Karkulka (n = 22) with PS&nbsp;Karkulka wheat cultivar and Skorpion (n = 22) with Skorpion cultivar. The third group (n = 22) had 40% of common wheat V&aacute;nek cultivar (Control). The live weight of broilers between all three groups was not significant different, as well as carcass yield and chemical composition of breast and thigh meat of chickens. In the parameter Razor Shear Force was found statistically significant higher breast meat tenderness in PS Karkulka against Control and Skorpion groups. In parameters L* and b* of colour of the meat samples was found statistically significant higher value in L* parameter in Skorpion group and b* parameter was higher in Control group. The total colour change was 2.25 and 2.53 for PS Karkulka and Skorpion group, respectively. In sensory analysis of broilers breast muscle was found statistically significant differences in odour, colour, fibreness, chewiness, juiciness and flavour parameter. The fatty taste parameter was non-significant. The odour parameter of chicken&acute;s breast muscle was significantly lower in Skorpion group against PS&nbsp;Karkulka and Control groups. The significantly most intense colour of breast muscle was found in Control group versus Skorpion and PS Karkulka groups (91.71 mm, 79.71 mm and 71.15 mm, respectively). The fibreness parameter was significantly higher for Control group, as well. Significantly higher chewiness of breast meat was in Control (68.49 mm) than PS Karkulka (52.02 mm) and Skorpion (43.32 mm) group. The feeding of wheat cultivars with different grain pigmentation had no effect on performance parameters of broiler chicken&acute;s as well as to it&acute;s body and chemical composition of breast and thigh meat in this study. 16.00 Normal 0 21 false false false EN-GB X-NONE X-NONE <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List

Návrhy přípravy pro předmět Výživa zvířat pro SOŠ

This bachelor thesis deals with proposals of preparation for teaching the subject of animal nutrition at secondary school. Preparations for lessons are specifically set in the environment Taufer's veterinary high school in Kroměříž. I focused on the subject animal nutrition which is taught in the graduation year. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical one. The theoretical part dealt with didactics of agricultural subjects, preparation for teaching, as well as didactic means, organizational forms of teaching and last but not least teaching methods. Within this part the following methods were used description, analysis, synthesis and comparison. In the introduction of the practical part, the basic curricular schools documents were presented. All in all, three proposals for teaching were created, including two theoretical and one practical education

Využití ostropestřce a konopí ve výživě drůbeže

The aim of this work was to characterize the nutritional value of the milk thistle and hemp by-products and to study their influence on selected performance parameters, metabolism and poultry health by including different doses of these non-traditional feeds into compound feeds. Study of the influence of non-traditional feeds was conceptually divided into four individual experiments. Three experiments were carried out on fattened Ross 308 chickens and one on Bovans Brown laying hens. The addition of milk thistle seed cakes worsend performance parameters of broiler chickens compared to the control group. Benefits of potentially positive biologically active substances have not been prove in chickens. In the experiment with 7% of milk thistle seed cakes in the diet of laying hens led to higher antioxidant activity of the blood and a higher number of eggs with higher weight was achieved while at the same time was higher feed consumption. The Haugh units and millimeter height of the egg was higher, but a thinner egg shell were found in the experimental group. The addition of 5% and 15% of hempseed expellers worsed feed conversion ratio and led to lower weight gain. In the group with addition of 40% hempseed expellers, was found a higher chicken weight gain compared to the control group. In the experiment with 2.5% of hempseed expellers and 1% of hemp herb included to the chickens diet, were found balanced feed consumption and feed conversion ratio. Chickens performance parameters were not affected by experimental treatment

Použití bylinných extraktů v krmné dávce brojlerových kuřat

This thesis is concerned with detecting the effect of the addition of garlic extract to the diet Ross 308 cockerels on blood antioxidant activity expressed by FR method and ni-trogen retention. It focuses the effect of garlic extract on body weight gain, feed con-sumption, feed conversion and carcass yield. Statistically significant (P <0.05) the highest antioxidant activity levels were achieved in the control group as measured by FR method. Statistically significant (P <0.05) effect on nitrogen retention was found in the control group compared to groups containing 10 and 15 g of garlic extract per kilogram of feed mixture . Feeding garlic extract had no statistically significant effect on body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion and carcass yield