Vernacular Architecture: Identity as a Value in the Process of Establishing Sustainable Landscape Development. Case Study – Negotinske pivnice (Negotin Wine Cellars)

This research focuses on the position of vernacular architecture in the contemporary context. A particular focus is directed toward analysing the significance of vernacular architecture – its ecological, economic, sociological and cultural aspects. The main research questions relate to the possibilities of using vernacular architecture for establishing sustainable landscape development. The main research problem relates to misunderstanding the complexity of vernacular architecture as a spatial and symbolic phenomenon, as a result of which the study of vernacular architecture is predominantly focused on the ecological and technological aspects of its reuse and energy efficiency. Therefore, the main goals include emphasising vernacular architecture’s cultural and sociological aspects as equally important factors in its identity development. The research is focused on the analysis of documents and concepts in the field of cultural and natural heritage preservation, with the aim to use vernacular architecture for establishing sustainable landscape development. A particular focus is related to the applied principles within the case studies, their evaluation and the possibility of their application in the Republic of Serbia – Negotinske pivnice, as the spatial cultural-historical unit of exceptional importance, which has been on UNESCO’s Tentative World Heritage List since 2010

Protection and Presentation of Cultural Landscape in the Case of Maglič Town

Medieval town of Maglič is located in the Republic of Serbia, on the right bank of the Ibar River, about 25km southwest of Kraljevo, on a narrow plateau of a rocky ridge which dominates the entire environment. According to historical sources, the town was built in the 14th century. A significant number of detected buildings which have largely been preserved testify on intensive building activities. The purpose of the work is to indicate, through the critical analysis and evaluation, the advantages and disadvantages of certain methods of protection and presentation of the remains, the integration of the old – new, but also to identify the elements which should be incorporated into the future attitude towards protection and presentation of medieval fortified towns in order to change and improve certain methods. New methods have to follow more consistently recent international charters and recommendations, and should be based on contemporary trends in protection, revitalization and presentation, which is particularly reflected in more liberal application of new materials and new constructive structures in protection and reconstruction, application of modern technologies (3D animation) in the presentation of the sites and the like. The work will present pros and cons of various proposals for the reconstruction and revitalization of the medieval fortress of Maglič, which contains significant historical, cultural, natural and architectural values, which should be preserved and presented in an appropriate manner, as a unique cultural landscape. This research will be a significant contribution to the objective and critical analysis of the main modern methodological approaches and the achieved results in the sphere of protection, revitalization and presentation of the medieval fortress of Maglič, with the basic idea of preservation of the authenticity and integrity of the existing stone remains of the fortress, with accessibility and paths management which would allow safe movement of visitors. Future approaches to revitalization and presentation of Maglič and its surroundings have to be in accordance with the principles of revitalization, especially in the context of preserving the authenticity and integrity of the landscape, since a cultural landscape implies they are separate parts of the scenery highlighted as areas of specific interaction of man and nature, of which Maglič is also part. By the revitalization of the fortress, the town would acquire a symbol of recognition and unique area which would become the backbone of development of cultural tourism of the whole Republic of Serbia

Regeneration of industrial heritage in the context of the contemporary city: the first modern garage in Belgrade

Industrijsko nasleđe čini važan deo graditeljskog nasleđa čija zaštita u savremenom kontekstu ne podrazumeva samo očuvanje njegovih prepoznatih vrednosti, već i integraciju u svakodnevni život savremenog grada. Ovim radom ispituju se mogućnosti za istovremeno očuvanje prepoznatih vrednosti industrijskog nasleđa i njegovo uklapanje u savremeni kontekst kroz uvođenje novih - komplementarnih namena u procesu njegove revitalizacije, a kako bi se ukazalo na potencijale sagledavanja industrijskog nasleđa kao važnog kulturnog i ekonomskog resursa savremenog grada. Kroz studiju slučaja prve Moderne garaže u Beogradu, sprovedenu u okviru nastave na master i integrisanim akademskim studijama arhitekture na Univerzitetu u Beogradu - Arhitektonskom Fakultetu; ispitane su mogućnosti zaštite, revitalizacije i prezentacije značajnog spomenika tehničke kulture i primera industrijskog nasleđa Beograda iz 20. veka. Poseban fokus usmeren je ka analizi kulturno-istorijskih i arhitektonskih vrednosti objekta i očuvanju njegove autentičnosti, ali i pronalaženju mogućnosti za očuvanje i unapređenje duha mesta u skladu sa potrebama života u savremenom gradu. Važan rezultat istraživanja predstavljaju studentska idejna rešenja revitalizacije Moderne garaže u okviru kojih su dati predlozi za očuvanje i unapređenje duha mesta kroz zaštitu autentičnih arhitektonskih elemenata objekta, inovativne prikaze nekadašnje namene i njihovu integraciju sa novim – komplementarnim namenama dominantno edukativnog i kulturnog karaktera.Industrial heritage represents an important part of the built heritage which protection doesn’t only mean the preservation of its recognized values, but also its integration into the contemporary city. This paper examines the possibilities for the preservation of the industrial heritage’s recognized values and its integration into the contemporary context through the introduction of new - complementary functions in the process of its revitalization to underline the potential of seeing the industrial heritage as an important cultural and economic resource. Through the case study of the first Modern garage in Belgrade, conducted as part of master's and integrated academic studies of architecture at the University of Belgrade - Faculty of Architecture; the possibilities of protection, revitalization, and presentation of an important monument of technical culture and an example of Belgrade's industrial heritage from the 20th century are examined. A special focus is directed toward the analysis of the cultural-historical and architectural values, the preservation of authenticity and the finding opportunities to preserve and improve the spirit of the place following contemporary needs. Research result includes the students' conceptual solutions for the revitalization of the building, within which are given the proposals for preserving and improving the spirit of the place through the protection of authentic architectural elements, innovative representations of the former purpose and their integration with new - complementary functions with educational and cultural character

Examined in theory – applicable in practice. Potentials of industrial heritage in the contemporary context. City of Belgrade

Although it represents an important typology of cultural heritage, industrial heritage was unjustifiably neglected from the perspective of its preservation until the beginning of the 21st century. In addition to the observed need for protection, revitalisation and presentation of the value of industrial heritage as equally valuable material and immaterial remains of the past, the need for its integration into the contemporary context is increasingly being observed through examining the potential of its reuse. Therefore, at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Architecture, as part of classes in the field of industrial heritage preservation, through a defined multidisciplinary approach, the possibilities for the protection of the industrial heritage, preservation of the authenticity and spirit of the place, but also improvement of the industrial heritage's condition through the research of the potential of its reuse following contemporary needs are examined. The subject of this research refers to characteristical examples of the industrial heritage of the city of Belgrade, within which the possibilities of their preservation and reuse in the contemporary context were examined. The applied research methodology, which includes a combination of theoretical and in situ research, represents a multidisciplinary approach within which selected case studies are examined concerning their natural, urban architectural, historical and symbolic context. The research results are presented through students' conceptual solutions for preserving, integrating and reusing selected industrial heritage case studies. The presented students' conceptual solutions, which are created based on a previously defined set of criteria that ensure the simultaneous preservation of the recognised values of industrial heritage and their improvement, represent an essential contribution to the development of thoughts about the position and potential of the reuse of industrial heritage in the contemporary context. The special contribution of this research refers to the possibilities of applying the theoretical research methodology in practice on concrete case studies of revitalisation, adaptation and reuse of industrial heritage

Cultural and natural heritage of Djerdap - lost history or potential for sustainable development?

Rimski limes, nekadašnja prirodna granica Rimskog carstva, prepoznat je kao kulturni predeo sa izuzetnim univerzalnim vrednostima međunarodnog značaja od strane relevantne organizacije za zaštitu kulturnog i prirodnog nasleđa - UNESKO. Dolina reke Dunav, čiji deo toka prolazi kroz Republiku Srbiju, predstavlјa integralni deo Rimskog limesa, svedočanstvo kulture i tradicije naroda koji su živeli na obalama Dunava, kao koji prolazi kroz Republiku Srbiju, ističe se Đerdapski segment na području Đerdapske klisure, u okviru kojeg se nalaze lokaliteti različitih istorijskih perioda (praistorija, antika i srednji vek), a koji čine značajno kulturno nasleđe, kako na nivou Republike Srbije, tako i na međunarodnom nivou. Međutim, većina lokaliteta nalazi se pod vodom, kao posledica izgradnje Hidroelektrane „Đerdap”. Posledično, nedovolјna dostupnost kulturnom nasleđu dovela je do njegove nedovolјne prezentacije i promocije, ali i informisanosti o postojanju kulturnog nasleđa uopšte. Stoga su osnovni cilјevi ovog rada širenje znanja o postojanju kulturnog i prirodnog nasleđa u Đerdapskoj klisuri, promocija njegovog značaja i uočavanje potencijala za integraciju kulturnog nasleđa u savremene tokove kroz afirmaciju kulturne rute, a radi uspostavlјanja održivog razvoja kulturnog predela. Rezultati istraživanja prikazani su kroz urbanističkoarhitektonski projekat koji predstavlјa sublimaciju formiranih kritičkih stavova o zaštiti, prezentaciji i promociji kulturnog nasleđa, a posledica su prethodno analizirane literature, studija slučaja i primera dobre prakse, relevantnih za predmet istraživanja. Očekivani rezultati istraživanja obuhvataju podizanje svesti o značaju kulturnog nasleđa Đerdapske klisure kroz promociju kulturne rute, te formiranje potencijalnog modela za upotrebu kulturnog nasleđa u procesu uspostavlјanja održivog razvoja kulturnog predela.The Roman Limes, the former natural border of the Roman Empire, has been recognized as a cultural landscape with exceptional universal values of international importance by the relevant organization for the protection of cultural and natural heritage - UNESCO. The Danube River is an integral part of the Roman Limes, a testimony to the culture and traditions of the peoples who lived on the banks of the Danube, as well as cultural heritage in general. Within the part of the Danube River that passes through the Republic of Serbia, the Djerdap segment stands out. It includes sites of different historical periods (prehistoric, ancient and medieval) and is significant cultural heritage on an international level. However, most of the sites are underwater as a result of the construction of the Djerdap Hydroelectric Power Plant. Consequently, insufficient access to its cultural heritage has led to its insufficient presentation and promotion, but also a lack of information about the existence of the cultural heritage. Therefore, the main goals of this paper are to spread knowledge about Djerdap’s cultural and natural heritage, to promote its importance, to identify potential for integrating the cultural heritage into contemporary trends through the affirmation of cultural routes, and to establish sustainable development of the cultural landscape. The results of the research are presented through an urban architectural project that represents the sublimation of critical attitudes formed with regard to the protection, presentation and promotion of cultural heritage. The project draws from a literature analysis, case studies and examples of good practice relevant to the research. The expected results of the research include raising awareness of the importance of Djerdap’s cultural heritage through promoting a cultural route and forming a potential model for the use of its cultural heritage in the process of establishing sustainable development of the cultural landscape

Contemporary approaches to the revitalisation, presentation and promotion of cultural and natural heritage of the part of the Roman Limes - Case study of the late antique tomb in Brestovik

The Roman Limes is recognised as a cultural landscape of exceptional universal values of international importance by the relevant organisation for the protection of cultural and natural heritage - UNESCO. In the Republic of Serbia, the Roman Limes include the Danube Valley, where there are sites of different historical periods (prehistoric, ancient, medieval), which represent evidence of the continuity of life on the border of the Roman Empire. Protection, revitalisation, presentation and promotion of sites along the Danube is a prerequisite for the entry of the Roman Limes in Serbia on the UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage List. From 2020, this area is on the UNESCO Tentative List. Bearing in mind the current state of a large number of localities, the question of their protection, revitalisation, presentation and promotion in a contemporary context arises. Referring to the principles of international charters and conventions, including the Document of Authenticity, the Landscape Convention and the Charter on Cultural Routes, the main goal of this paper is to spread knowledge about the possibilities of protection, revitalisation, presentation and promotion of the cultural and natural heritage of the Roman Limes in Serbia through the application of the principles defined in international charters and conventions, all for the integration of cultural and natural heritage into contemporary environment and the establishment of sustainable landscape development. The results are presented through a case study of the archaeological site of the late antique tomb in Brestovik, through the conceptual solutions of architecture students, within which the possibilities of integrating contemporary architecture into spaces of natural and historical values were examined, while preserving the identity of natural and cultural heritage that requires specific protection, presentation and promotion. Through the process of educating students of architecture, there is a possibility of the comprehensive consideration of the problem of preserving cultural and natural heritage, its historical and urban context, origin, development, cultural, urban and architectural values, and examining the possibility and comparison of different approaches to presentation and contemporary use. In designing the future approach to the presentation and inclusion in the contemporary life of the late antique tomb in Brestovik and its surroundings, the student analyses focused on comprehensive research of the life of the tomb, from its origins to modern times, as well as discovering specific cultural values that are the basis for future preservation. The goal was to design sustainable solutions that will preserve the development phases, and the authenticity and integrity of the late antique tomb in Brestovik, while ensuring its reactivation and quality integration into its environment, which, despite numerous inadequate modern interventions, has preserved elements of the recognisable historical ambiance. Through their proposals, students have filled the complex with a large amount of contemporary cultural, educational and artistic content that correlates with its character and significance, and provides it with an active life. The expected results of the research include raising awareness of the possibilities of integrating natural and cultural heritage into the contemporary context, as well as considering the natural and cultural heritage as a driver for establishing sustainable landscape development

Cultural and natural heritage as a driver for sustainable landscape development

The Roman Limes - a former natural border of the Roman Empire has been recognized as a cultural landscape with exceptional universal values of international importance by UNESCO. In the Republic of Serbia, the Roman Limes encompasses the Danube river valley. Within this part of the Roman Limes, the Djerdap segment, which includes sites of different historical periods, stands out. However, most of the sites are underwater due to the construction of the Hydroelectric Power Plant. Physical inaccessibility to cultural heritage has led to insufficient presentation and promotion, but also a lack of information about its existence. Therefore, the main goals of this paper are to spread knowledge about the existence of the cultural and natural heritage of the Djerdap segment, as well as to identify the potential for their integration into contemporaneity. The results are presented through an urban-architectural project that is the sublimation of formed critical attitudes about the cultural heritage treatments. The expected results of the research include raising awareness of the importance of the cultural and natural heritage of the Djerdap segment through the promotion of cultural routes, as well as forming a potential model for their use in the process of establishing sustainable landscape development

Contemporary approaches to the revitalisation, presentation and promotion of cultural and natural heritage of the part of the Roman Limes - Case study of the late antique tomb in Brestovik

The Roman Limes is recognised as a serial cultural property of exceptional universal values of international importance by UNESCO. In the Republic of Serbia, it includes the Danube Valley. The protection, revitalisation, presentation and promotion of sites along the Danube in Serbia is a prerequisite for the entry of this part of the Roman Limes on the UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage List. Bearing in mind the current state of a large number of sites, the question of their protection, revitalisation, presentation and promotion in a contemporary context arises. Referring to the principles of international charters and conventions, the main goal of this paper is to spread knowledge about the possibilities of the protection, revitalisation, presentation and promotion of the cultural and natural heritage of the Roman Limes in Serbia, all for the integration of cultural and natural heritage into the contemporary environment and the establishment of sustainable landscape development. The results are presented through a case study of the late antique tomb in Brestovik, through the conceptual solutions of architecture students, within which the possibilities of integrating contemporary architecture into spaces of natural and historical values were examined. The expected results include raising awareness of the possibilities of integrating natural and cultural heritage into a contemporary context, as well as considering the natural and cultural heritage as a driver for establishing sustainable landscape development

Improvement of the Teaching Process in the Field of Built Heritage Studies Through a Multidisciplinary Approach to the Revitalisation and Adaptation of Belgrade‘ s Industrial Heritage: Hangar of the Old Belgrade Airport

Jedan od glavnih izazova očuvanja graditeljskog nasleđa u 21. veku odnosi se na mogućnosti njegove zaštite, revitalizacije i adaptacije u skladu sa potrebama savremenog života, uz istovremeno očuvanje svih njegovih vrednosti i autentičnosti. To ne podrazumeva samo identifikovanje, afirmisanje i promovisanje njegovih urbanističko-arhitektonskih i estetskih vrednosti, već i seta kulturno-istorijskih vrednosti za čije prepoznavanje je neophodno sagledati graditeljsko nasleđe kroz multidisciplinarni pristup – u okviru šireg društvenog konteksta. Stoga se u nastavi na Univerzitetu u Beogradu – Arhitektonskom fakultetu teži uspostavljanju jedinstvenog multidisciplinarnog pristupa revitalizaciji i adaptaciji industrijskog nasleđa, uz istovremeno očuvanje svih njegovih vrednosti i autentičnosti. Ovaj rad predstavlja sistematski prikaz metodologije istraživanja industrijskog nasleđa, primenjene na studiji slučaja Hangara Starog aerodroma u Novom Beogradu, koji je prepoznat kao značajan spomenik industrijskog nasleđa i tehničke kulture 20. veka. Kroz analizu studentskih idejnih rešenja za revitalizaciju i adaptaciju objekta Hangara Starog aerodroma, dat je prikaz primenjene metodologije istraživanja, pristupa zaštiti, revitalizaciji i prezentaciji svih vrednosti i autentičnosti industrijskog nasleđa, kao i prikaz upotrebe spomenika tehničke kulture u savremenom kontekstu. Na taj način, ostvaren je kontinuitet trajanja industrijskog nasleđa i obezbeđen njegov opstanak za buduće generacije. Poseban doprinos rada ogleda se u predlozima za revitalizaciju i adaptaciju Hangara Starog aerodroma, čime je dat i značajan prilog unapređenju nastavnog procesa u oblasti proučavanja graditeljskog nasleđa na Univerzitetu u Beogradu – Arhitektonskom fakultetu.One of the main challenges in preserving built heritage in the 21st century relates to the possibilities of its revitalisation and adaptation following modern needs while protecting its values and authenticity. Protection of built heritage does not mean only the identification, affirmation and promotion of its urban-architectural and aesthetic values but also a set of cultural-historical values for which it is necessary to recognise built heritage through a multidisciplinary approach – within the broader social context. Therefore, the teaching process at the University of Belgrade – Faculty of Architecture aims to establish a unique multi-disciplinary approach to the industrial heritage's revitalisation and adaptation. This paper shows an industrial heritage research methodology systematic representation, applied to the case study of the Hangar of the Old Airport in New Belgrade as an important monument of industrial heritage and technical culture of the 20th century. Through student proposals for revitalisation and adaptation, the applied methodology, the approach for preservation, revitalisation and presentation of industrial heritage's values and the preservation of its authenticity, as well as a description of the use of industrial heritage's values, have been given; which ensured the continuity and survival of industrial heritage for future generations. A special contribution refers to the proposals for preserving the Hangar, which contributes to the teaching process improvement in the built heritage studies at the University of Belgrade – Faculty of Architecture

Examined in Theory – Applicable in Practice: Potentials of Sustainable Industrial Heritage Conservation in a Contemporary Context – The Case of Belgrade

The industrial heritage of the city of Belgrade is the focus of this research, which highlights the possibilities of preserving industrial heritage from the perspective of a contemporary context and sustainable development. Guided by theoretical principles on the preservation of cultural and industrial heritage, their values, authenticity and spirit of place, as well as the idea of the necessity of integrating industrial heritage into the contemporary context, this paper aims to examine the possibilities for the preservation of industrial heritage following theoretically established principles, with the introduction of new uses and sustainable solutions. The analysis of the case studies of Belgrade’s industrial heritage presented in this paper results from research conducted by the teachers, associates and students of the University of Belgrade, Faculty of Architecture. The research focuses on the possibilities of translating the principles of preserving cultural and industrial heritage from their theoretical definition to practical application. The students’ conceptual solutions for protection, revitalisation and presentation of the analysed case studies represent the research results. An important aspect of this paper is defining the criteria for valorising students’ conceptual solutions, which are aligned with the principles of preserving cultural heritage and establishing sustainable development. The valorisation of students’ conceptual solutions through a defined set of criteria indicates real possibilities for the simultaneous preservation of all the values of industrial heritage and its transformation into a social, ecological and economic resource of the contemporary city