Meta-analytic review of the relation between board globalization and firm performance

Following the corporate governance scandals such as Enron, WorldCom, and Vivendi, the special attention has been attached to the board composition, and different dimensions related to board diversity has been discussed in this context. Recently, the interest in the board of directors’ diversity has shifted to the globalization of boards, and the number of studies that investigates the relation between foreign board members and firm financial performance has increased. However, these studies report contradictory results,therefore the current study aims to reconcile these conflicting results. In response to these results, meta-analyses have been conducted by using the results obtained from 21 individual studies. The results show that the relation between foreign board representation and general firm financial performance is positive, however, the effect size for this relation is small. Similarly, there is a positive relation between foreign board representation and accounting-based firm performance. By contrast, the analysis has found that there is no statistically significant relation between foreign board representation and marketbased firm performance. Overall, the results suggest that although foreign board representation does not lead large-scale increase in the firm financial performance, the impact is still positive. Even though the study has several limitations, the findings might assist the executives, shareholders, regulators, and researcher

ISO 25010 kalite modeli çerçevesinde teknoloji mağazalarının internet sitelerinin çok kriterli analizi: Türkiye örneği

Son yıllarda kullanım oranı artan ve hayatın ayrılmaz bir parçası haline gelen internet siteleri, işletmelerin bilgi, ürün ve hizmetlerini sunduğu bir mecradır. Bu mecrada sürdürülebilirliğini sağlamak ve rakiplerinden bir adım öne geçmek isteyen işletmelerin, internet sitesi kalitelerine önem vermeleri gerekmektedir. Bu bakış açısıyla, internet sitelerinin kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi hem akademik çevrelerde hem de özel sektörde üzerinde önemle durulan bir konu haline gelmiştir. Bununla birlikte, literatürde internet sitesi kalitesi değerlendirilmesi üzerine birçok çalışma olmasına rağmen teknoloji mağazalarının internet sitelerinin kalitesinin değerlendirilmesine yönelik herhangi bir çalışmaya rastlanılmamıştır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma ile literatürdeki belirtilen eksikliğin giderilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, farklı kalite modelleri arasından, hem genel bir model olması hem de güvenilir bir kuruluş tarafından oluşturulmuş olması nedeniyle ISO 25010 kalite modeli çerçevesinde, uygulama alanına özgü çok kriterli yeni bir kalite modeli geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen kalite modeli Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren altı alternatif teknoloji mağazasının internet sitesi kalitelerinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla kullanılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, alternatiflerin değerlendirilmesinde modelin yapısı gereği ÇKKV yöntemlerinden biri olan AHP yönteminin klasik ve bulanık versiyonları kullanılmış ve iki yöntemden elde edilen sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Her iki yöntem sonucunda da kriterler önem sırasına göre güvenilirlik, içerik, fonksiyonel uygunluk ve kullanılabilirlik şeklindedir. Klasik AHP yönteminde Teknosa en iyi alternatif olurken bulanık AHP yöntemine göre MediaMarkt en iyi alternatif olarak tespit edilmiştir

Value stream mapping: A method that makes the waste in the process visible

Defining customer and value in lean thinking is crucial. All wastes that do not add value to the customer in business processes should be eliminated. In the real world and related literature, there are various methods used to eliminate waste and improve processes. One of the methods frequently used is the value stream mapping (VSM). VSM is preferred since it enables to take the picture of a process. Moreover, VSM is the identification of all activities that create and/or do not create value in the processes, from the supplier of the product or service to the customer. This chapter deals with lean philosophy, lean techniques and specifically the VSM method. In addition, some examples of VSM applications in the service and production sectors are discussed and the findings obtained from these applications are evaluated. Finally, the chapter concludes with some managerial implications as well as potential future research areas

Weighting ESG criteria of banks by using interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy best worst method

Even though the ESG-financial performance relationship is well addressed with the ambiguous results, the literature lacks to determine the relative importance of individual ESG criteria regarding sustainability. To fill this gap, the study aims to determine the relative weights of ESG criteria for the banking industry from the perspective of scholars. To reach the aim of the paper, we employ Interval Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Best Worst Method and reveal that Governance (C3) is the most significant criteria among the main criteria, followed by Social (C2) and Environment (C1) criteria. Regarding sub-criteria, Management (G1), Shareholders (G2) and Workforce (S1) are the most significant sub-criteria whereas Product responsibility (S4), Resource Use (E1) and Emissions (E2) are the least significant sub-criteria, respectively. These results do not fully represent real weights because of the subjective judgments of decision makers but it gives banking sector practitioners to comparable reference to allocate their scarce resources

A multi-criteria analysis of technology stores' websites within the frame of İSO 25010 quality model: The case of Turkey

Son yıllarda kullanım oranı artan ve hayatın ayrılmaz bir parçası haline gelen internet siteleri, işletmelerin bilgi, ürün ve hizmetlerini sunduğu bir mecradır. Bu mecrada sürdürülebilirliğini sağlamak ve rakiplerinden bir adım öne geçmek isteyen işletmelerin, internet sitesi kalitelerine önem vermeleri gerekmektedir. Bu bakış açısıyla, internet sitelerinin kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi hem akademik çevrelerde hem de özel sektörde üzerinde önemle durulan bir konu haline gelmiştir. Bununla birlikte, literatürde internet sitesi kalitesi değerlendirilmesi üzerine birçok çalışma olmasına rağmen teknoloji mağazalarının internet sitelerinin kalitesinin değerlendirilmesine yönelik herhangi bir çalışmaya rastlanılmamıştır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma ile literatüdeki belirtilen eksikliğin giderilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, farklı kalite modelleri arasından, hem genel bir model olması hem de güvenilir bir kuruluş tarafından oluşturulmuş olması nedeniyle ISO 25010 kalite modeli çerçevesinde, uygulama alanına özgü çok kriterli yeni bir kalite modeli geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen kalite modeli Türkiye'de faaliyet gösteren altı alternatif teknoloji mağazasının internet sitesi kalitelerinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla kullanılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, alternatiflerin değerlendirilmesinde modelin yapısı gereği ÇKKV yöntemlerinden biri olan AHP yönteminin klasik ve bulanık versiyonları kullanılmış ve iki yöntemden elde edilen sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Her iki yöntem sonucunda da kriterler önem sırasına göre güvenilirlik, içerik, fonksiyonal uygunluk ve kullanılabilirlik şeklindedir. Klasik AHP yönteminde Teknosa en iyi alternatif olurken, bulanık AHP yöntemine göre MediaMarkt en iyi alternatif olarak tespit edilmiştir.Websites that have increased in usage rate and become an integral part of life in recent years are kind of channel where businesses offer information, products, and services. Businesses that want to ensure sustainability and move one step ahead of their competitors in this channel should pay attention to their website quality. From this point of view, the evaluation of the website quality has become an important issue both in the academic environment and in the private sector. Nevertheless, although there have been many studies in the literature regarding the website quality evaluation, no study which evaluates website quality of technology stores has been found. Therefore this study aims to fill this gap in the literature. Within this context, a new quality model with multiple criteria specific to the application area has been developed based on the ISO 25010 quality model because it is both a general quality model and developed by a reliable organization. The new model has been used to evaluate website quality of six alternative technology stores operating in Turkey. Accordingly, classical and fuzzy versions of the AHP methods have been employed in the evaluation of alternatives in accordance with the structure of the developed model and the results obtained from the two methods have been compared. As a result of both methods, importance order of criteria is as follows; reliability, content, functional suitability and usability. While Teknosa is the best alternative in classical AHP method, MediaMarkt is the best alternative according to the fuzzy AHP method

Analysis of green marketing orientations of green hotels during COVID-19 with fuzzy Dematel

pressures of stakeholders and brand orientation in green marketing orientations of green hotel businesses in the Cappadocia region during the COVID-19 process. For this purpose, a total of six experts, three of which are green hotel managers and three academicians, were interviewed and the collected data were analysed through the fuzzy method, one of the multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods. Due to the limited number of studies in this context in the literature, the current study contributes to the literature. The causal relationships between many factors are analysed that affect the green marketing orientations of hotels have been revealed from the perspective of hotel managers and academicians. The findings show that the opinions between the two expert teams differ. While natural environmental orientation has the most decisive role in the green marketing orientations of hotel managers, this is shaped by the environmental pressures of stakeholders for academicians. In addition, hotel managers consider the sub-factor commitment to nature the most and brand positioning the least in their environmental behaviour. On the other hand, academicians stated that regulatory stakeholder pressures from the government and competitors have the most effective role in their environmental behaviour. Finally, suggestions were made to theorists and practitioners to improve the field and the sector

Teknoloji mağazalarının ISO 25010 kalite modeline dayalı websitesi kalite değerlendirmesinin çok kriterli analizi: Türkiye örneği

Son yıllarda internet sitesi kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi önemli bir konu haline gelmiş ve internet sitesi kalitesi değerlendirilmesi üzerine birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Buna rağmen, literatürde teknoloji mağazalarını ele alan bir araştırmaya rastlanılmamıştır. Çalışma ile bu eksikliğin giderilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda ISO 25010 kalite modeli çerçevesinde uygulama alanına özgü çok kriterli kalite modeli geliştirilmiş ve model yardımıyla Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren altı alternatif teknoloji mağazasının internet sitesinin değerlendirilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, hem kriterlerin önem derecelerinin belirlenmesinde hem de alternatiflerin değerlendirilmesinde çok kriterli karar verme (ÇKKV) yöntemlerinden biri olan Bulanık Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (BAHP) kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, kriter ağırlıklarındaki değişimlerin internet sitelerinin sıralamasına etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla duyarlılık analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışma teorik açıdan araştırmacılara internet sitesi kalite değerlendirme probleminde yeni bir model sunması, pratik açıdan teknoloji mağazalarına kullanıcılarına daha kaliteli hizmet sunabilmeleri için internet sitelerini tasarlamalarında yol gösterici olması bakımından yazına katkı sağlayacaktır.In recent years, the evaluation of website quality has become an important issue and many studies have been done on the evaluation of website quality. In spite of this, there is no study which evaluates website quality of technology stores. This study aims to fill this gap in the literature. Within this context, a new model with multiple criteria specific to the application area has been developed based on the ISO 25010 quality model. The new model has been used to evaluate website quality of six alternative technology stores operating in Turkey. Accordingly, the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) has been used for both determining the importance of the criteria and evaluating and ranking the alternatives. In addition, a sensitivity analysis has been conducted to investigate the impact of changes in criteria weights on websites rankings. This study will contribute to the literature theoretically by providing a new website quality evaluation model, and in practical terms, it is a guide to designing websites so that they can provide better quality service to customers of technology stores

Analysis of green marketing orientations of green hotels during COVID-19 with fuzzy.

This study aims to examine the role of natural environmental orientation, environmental pressures of stakeholders and brand orientation in green marketing orientations of green hotel businesses in the Cappadocia region during the COVID-19 process. For this purpose, a total of six experts, three of which are green hotel managers and three academicians, were interviewed and the collected data were analysed through the fuzzy method, one of the multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods. Due to the limited number of studies in this context in the literature, the current study contributes to the literature. The causal relationships between many factors are analysed that affect the green marketing orientations of hotels have been revealed from the perspective of hotel managers and academicians. The findings show that the opinions between the two expert teams differ. While natural environmental orientation has the most decisive role in the green marketing orientations of hotel managers, this is shaped by the environmental pressures of stakeholders for academicians. In addition, hotel managers consider the sub-factor commitment to nature the most and brand positioning the least in their environmental behaviour. On the other hand, academicians stated that regulatory stakeholder pressures from the government and competitors have the most effective role in their environmental behaviour. Finally, suggestions were made to theorists and practitioners to improve the field and the sector

Tourism performance evaluation of mediterranean countries by using multi-criteria decision-making method

Tourism revenues are one of the most important sources of income in Mediterranean countries. Thereby Mediterranean countries are rivals to each other and therefore identifying relative tourism performance provides significant information both for government agencies and managers in the tourism industry in these countries. Since performance is a multidimensional phenomenon, performance evaluation is required to consider several factors. In this context, a solution can be provided with multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods. Given the multidimensional structure of the tourism performance, the current study aims to analyze relative performances of 14 Mediterranean countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Malta, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey) via TOPSIS (The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method. Within the scope of the analyses, the years 2018 and 2019 were covered as a basis. In the analysis, number of arrivals, tourism expenditure in the country (US$), accommodation, number of departures, tourism expenditure in other countries (US$), number of establishments, the average length of stay, net occupancy rate are used as criteria and countries relative rankings are obtained. According to the results, there have been changes in the rankings of the countries in these years. Spain, Greece, Egypt, and Italy took their places in the top five in both years, while France was in the 5th place in 2018, dropping three places in 2019 to take its place in the 8th place. Moreover, Turkey failed to find a place in the top five in 2018 but ranked 4th in 2019. It is essential to investigate the macroeconomic reasons for this progress made by Turkey. Furthermore, it is determined no large gaps between the relative proximities values (C*) of the countries. Merely, for the years 2018 and 2019 a significant difference was identified between the C* values of Spain (1st place) and Israel (14th place) (respectively 0.61, 0.38; 0.62, 0.39). Finally, some limitations of the study are mentioned. In addition, recommendations are made to decision makers based on the findings