Honey Plants of Düzce University Ornamental and Medicinal Plants Botanical Garden

In this study, melliferous plants that the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) can benefit from among the taxa planted in Düzce University Ornamental and Medicinal Plants Botanical Garden, are presented. Among the 451 taxa planted in the botanical garden, those with these characteristics were determined by reviewing studies on the subject. Of the 165 taxa (36.58%) included in the honey plant class; 119 contain both nectar and pollen, 25 contain pollen, 13 contain nectar, 4 contain both pollen and insect secretion (IS) or sweet sap (SS), 2 contain pollen, nectar and IS or SS, 1 contain both nectar and SS, 1 contain only IS. In order to prevent the decrease in pollinator and pollinator insects, whose numbers are decreasing due to global climate change, a "Bee and Insect Hotel" was placed in the botanical garden. For this reason, the majority of the plants selected for planting were chosen from taxa with honey plant properties. The main purpose here is both to pollinate the plants in the botanical garden and to show and explain the effects of insect species on pollination through nature education

Effect of Fertilization on the Morphological Development of European Hophormbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia Scop.) Seedlings

In this study, in order to help the mass production of seedlings, the effect of fertilization on the morphological development of hornbeam leafy European hophornbeam (Ostry carpinifolia Scop) seedlings were investigated. For this, seedlings, which were obtained from the seeds coming from different European hophornbeam populations (Düzce-Yığılca, Antalya-Finike, Antalya-Akseki, Kastamonu-Şehdağ ve Adana-Saimbeyli) from various parts of Turkey, were used. European hophornbeam seedlings were treated with different fertilizers, including urea, ammonium sulphate, compound fertilizer 15-15-15 and 20-20-0, and 6-9 months Osmocote release fertilizer, and effects of these fertilizers on the morphological characters were investigated. Fertilization contained the same amount of nitrogen, and was made in three different ways; (1) mixing with habitat, (2) topical application and (3) liquid application. The development of germinated European hophornbeam seeds, which were spring-sowed in the same medium were monitored during the vegetation period. At the end of vegetation period, seedlings were removed from the soil and morphological characteristics of root (seedling length, root collar diameter, root length, fresh root and stem weight of the seedlings, dried root and stem weight of the seedlings and bud number) were measured. As a result, it was observed that fertilization positively affects the development of seedlings and depending on the fertilization type the seedlings of European hophornbeam populations were found to exhibit different improvements/growing. In addition, 6-9 months Osmocote release fertilizers were determined to be the best fertilizers affecting the morphological (diameter and height) development of European hophornbeam populations effectively, and among the populations, Düzce and Kastamonu populations showed the best improvement/growing

Effect of Drought and UV-B Stress on Leaf Morphology of Ash-Leaved Maple and Sycamore Maple

Global climate change continues to leave irreversible effects worldwide. With the increase in the effects of climate change, especially in recent years, the amount of UV-B radiation reaching the earth's surface is also likely to increase. With increasing temperatures, the amount of precipitation in the world has decreased, and the drought has started to alarm. This study is tried to understand how plants can respond to these stresses using ash-leaf maple (Acer negundo L.) and sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) species. The effects of these stress factors on plant leaf morphology were investigated by applying certain intensities of drought (moderate [T2] and severe drought [T3]) and UV-B (8 kJ m-2 h-1 [T4] and 12 kJ m-2 h-1 [T5]) stresses on these two species with T1 (control) treatment. As a result, leaf width in A. pseudoplatanus species was at the lowest levels in individuals exposed to T3 and T9. In A. negundo species, leaflet length in T1, T2, T3, T4 T5, T6 (modarete+T4), T7 (modarete+T5), T8 (severe drought+T4), and T9 (severe drought+T5) treatment were 8.800, 8.704, 8.075, 8.792, 8.823, 8.516, 8.317, 7.993, and 8.605 cm, respectively. According to these values, it was observed that the leaflet length was the shortest in T8 (7.993 cm) treatment. On the other hand, the leaflet length in T9 was close to the T1 group. As a result, individuals exposed to T4 were more affected than T5 in applications applied to UV-B stress and T3. Therefore, the increase of UV-B radiation positively affects the plant's resistance to drought stress

Determination of Grafting Adaptation of Some Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) Genotypes with Marigoule (C. Sativa × C. Crenata) Cultivar

In this study, to reproduce natural chestnut genotypes, the fruit characteristics of the Düzce region determined by local people are good in a healthy way, compatible with Marigoule (C. sativa × C. crenata) hybrid varieties resistant to branch cancer and root rot was investigated. In this study, 24 different chestnut genotypes were used. As the grafting method, the most commonly used tongue grafting, split grafting, chip budding grafting, and side grafting method were used. All procedures related to grafting were carried out in the greenhouses of the Düzce University Faculty of Forestry. In this study, local genotypes that are compatible with Marigoule chestnut were determined. As a result, the native genotype, which showed the best adaptation to Marigoule seedlings, was 87.5% of Yalnızçam, and after that, 79.2% of the Ereğli Sefer genotype. The lowest fit showed Broken genotype with 15% and Akçakoca1genotype with 17.5%. Besides, the compatibility of foreign varieties Maraval, Marigoule, and Betizac were also investigated. As a result, Betizac had the highest compatibility with 95%, while Maraval had 67.5%. The most successful in the grafting methods applied was the side graft (74.2%) followed by tongue grafting (59.9%), splitting grafting (51.4%), and chip budding grafting (29.7%)

Transgenic Forest Trees

Biotechnological methods are used in many areas nowadays and one of these areas is applications of biotechnology in forest trees. Biotechnological methods are used frequently on vital issues such as gaining resistance against diseases and herbicide of forest trees, increasing tree growth rates and development of resistance against environmental stresses (drought, salinity, climate change etc.). Also, for improving the quality of wood that reducing lignin content and increasing the amount of cellulose draws attention. This together with applications, positive and negative effects of transgenic trees to the environment is discussed and it was tried to be provided on the auditing legal regulations concerned with these studies

Diurnal Ecophysiological Responses of Different Social Class Trees in an Oriental Beech Stand

OZBAYRAM, ALI KEMAL/0000-0002-5922-1751WOS: 000441468600004The oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) is one of the important tree species among the broad-leaved species in Turkey. Tree social status can effect on competition and access to light, and on availability of local environmental resources, including water. The current study was conducted in 32 years old pure oriental beech stand. In May 2016, xylem water potential, soil water content and stomal conductivity were measured at six different time of day at the southern-facing crowns of dominant, intermediate and suppressed trees. The xylem water potential ranged between -0.18 and -1.28 MPa. The water potential was the highest in predawn, the lowest in the midday, and then it rises again. While all social classes were similar to predawn water potential, the water potential difference between the dominant and suppressed trees increased towards midday and decreased in the following hours. The dominant trees had the lowest water potential, while the suppressed trees had the highest. Soil water content decreased all soil layers throughout the day, especially in the top layer. The midday stomatal conductance was highest in the suppressed trees (16.53 mmol m(-2) s(-1)) and the lowest in dominant. trees (5.20 mmol m(-2) s(-1)). It can be concluded that oriental beech trees in different social status could have different eco physiological responses despite being in similar soil water conditions

Türkiye’de yetişen Sahil Sekoyası (Sequoia sempervirens Lamb. Endl.) odununun fiziksel, kimyasal ve mekanik özellikleri

Sahil sekoyası Türkiye’de Karadeniz kıyıları ve Kuzeydoğu Anadolu'nun yazın sisli sahil arazilerinde, dere içlerinde ve yamaçlarda iyi gelişme göstermekte olan nadir bir türdür. Sekoya odununa ilişkin fiziksel özelliklerden hava kurusu ve tam kuru yoğunluk, hacim yoğunluk değeri, odunun toplam hacimsel daralma ve genişleme yüzdeleri, mekanik özelliklerden liflere paralel basınç, eğilme direnci, eğilmede elastikiyet modülü ve dinamik eğilme (şok) direnci ilgili standartlara göre tespit edilerek kalite özellikleri irdelenmiştir. Ayrıca bazı kimyasal özellikleri de incelerek çeşitli ağaç türleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Türkiye’de yetişen bazı iğne yapraklı ağaç türlerine benzerlik göstermekte olup odunu orta kalite özelliklerine sahiptir.The coastal sequoia is a rare species and has grown well in foggy shores, river banks and slopes of sea shores of Black Sea and Northern Anatolia regions. This study focuses on some physical properties (air and oven-dry density, basic density value, tangential, radial, longitudinal and volumetric shrinkage and swelling), mechanical properties (compression, static bending, modulus of elasticity and impact bending strengths) and chemical properties of redwood (Sequoia sempervirens Lamb. Endl.). In addition, some of these properties were compared to other well know reference wood material grown in Turkey. According to the results obtained, the redwood solid wood has similar properties of some common in Turkey. Its wood can be considered as medium quality wood based on tested propertie

Effects of Seed Gathering, Sowing Time and Growing Conditions on Wild Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Seed Germination

Wild cherry (Prunus avium L.), in our forests, can be found either as an individual or as in small groups. Hardness and thickness of seed coat, immature embryo, chemical substances in seed and pericarp are well known problems on germination. In this study, Germination impediment tests have done on seeds that were gathered from KTU campus on three different times, on 10th, 20th and 30th of June 2006, these seeds had sown, 200 of each seed with pericarp and with the ones haven’t have pericarp, in four different germination media (soil, perlite, needle and leaf mould) to overcome wild cherry’s germination impediment. The highest germination percentage (82.5 %) had found among seeds gathered on 20th of June; these were sown in needle mould and had no pericarp. However, our researches show that seeds with pericarp, gathered on 20th of June have maximum germination percentage of (34 %) in leaf mould

Study on Cone Formation Stage of Caucasian Fir (Abies nordmanniana ssp. nordmanniana)

Determination of the good seed year is important to obtain high quality and quantity seeds from stands. Also, pollination and fertilization need to be done without problems. Tree quality, health and good seed bearing capacity is related to climatic factors during flowering and seeding stage and related to site conditions. Healthy, high quality and enough number of seeds are required in order to have a successful natural regeneration. Observing the morphological characteristics of trees in the stand or as single trees is the fastest, easiest and cheapest way to characterize their health status. In this study, a tree species, Caucasian fir, from the Karadeniz Technical University campus was observed. Phenological changes of the male and female flowers will be observed periodically and photos of these changes will be provided. During the early months observations will be weekly but on later periods observations will be bi-weekly. Caucasian firs pollination, fertilization, cone formation, cone growth and seed fall will be determined based on observations and the study results