Multi-objective routing optimization using evolutionary algorithms

Wireless ad hoc networks suffer from several limitations, such as routing failures, potentially excessive bandwidth requirements, computational constraints and limited storage capability. Their routing strategy plays a significant role in determining the overall performance of the multi-hop network. However, in conventional network design only one of the desired routing-related objectives is optimized, while other objectives are typically assumed to be the constraints imposed on the problem. In this paper, we invoke the Non-dominated Sorting based Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) and the MultiObjective Differential Evolution (MODE) algorithm for finding optimal routes from a given source to a given destination in the face of conflicting design objectives, such as the dissipated energy and the end-to-end delay in a fully-connected arbitrary multi-hop network. Our simulation results show that both the NSGA-II and MODE algorithms are efficient in solving these routing problems and are capable of finding the Pareto-optimal solutions at lower complexity than the ’brute-force’ exhaustive search, when the number of nodes is higher than or equal to 10. Additionally, we demonstrate that at the same complexity, the MODE algorithm is capable of finding solutions closer to the Pareto front and typically, converges faster than the NSGA-II algorithm

The polluter should... pay?

The Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) is among the core international instruments for environmental protection. It appears to be excessively economy-focused at initial sight. To evaluate the moral validity of this, I visited four different justification possibilities: 1. Economically preferable equals environmentally preferable; 2. Economic development is a satisfactory aim; 3. Environmental problems arise from economic goals; 4. The economy represents the power needed for solutions. After evaluating each of these, I confirmed that the focus of the PPP on the economy does not allow for sufficient protection of Nature, as also expressed in the literature

In the Effect of Communication Quality on Organizational Commitment Levels on Employees in Mergers: Mediator of Organizational Trust, Moderator Role of Transformational Leadership

From past to present, companies have preferred mergers and acquisitions for different reasons and expectations. However, studies show that a significant part of mergers and acquisitions cannot achieve the success and goals that companies expect from the merger. One of the most important reasons for this is that by focusing on financial goals in the merger and acquisition process; managerial elements such as communication, leadership and human resources are given less importance.In this study, it is aimed to examine the role of organizational trust as a mediating variable and transformational leadership as a moderator variable in the effect of communication quality on the organizational commitment levels of employees in a merger process.The field study was carried out by collecting survey data from the employees of the companies which went through a merger. These compiled data were used to test the relationships between the variables as stated in the hypotheses. Therefore, in addition to demographic data, the questionnaire includes expressions related to organizational commitment, communication quality, transformational leadership and organizational trust variables.The research universe, in which the field study is applied consists of a total of 22,650 white-collar and blue-collar personnel and managers working in organizations involved in the mergers process. Therefore, according to the calculation made on the population size, the sample size should consist of at least 378 people. The questionnaire forms were delivered to 385 people and after eliminating some responses 378 observations were used in further analyses.As a result of the analyzes, it was concluded that the quality of communication displayed during the merger process increased the affective commitment of employees, which is one of the sub-dimensions of organizational commitment, and organizational trust played a mediating variable in this increase

Disorders Mimicking Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Difficulties in its Diagnosis

Myelodysplastic morphology of blood cells can be encountered not only in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) but also in nonclonal disorders like viral, bacterial, parasitic infections, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, polyarteritis nodosa, immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), iron deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia, dysgranulopoietic neutropenia, congenital neutropenia, cases with microdeletion 22q11.2, malignant lymphoma, after administration of granulocyte colony stimulating factor, chemotherapy, steroids, smoking, alcohol, posttransplantation, copper deficiency also, together with or without cytopenia. Absence of cytogenetic abnormality in 50–70% of cases with MDS, some overlapping morphological and/or pathophysiological features make it challenging to differentiate between MDS and other diseases/disorders like aplastic anemia, refractory ITP, copper deficiency. Transient genetic abnormalities including monosomy 7 in megaloblastic anemia; increased immature myeloid cells in bone marrow of cases with copper, vitamin B12, or folic acid deficiency in the setting of cytopenia and dysmorphism may also lead to the misdiagnosis of MDS. On the other hand, there are also cases of transient MDS. In this chapter, a literature is be presented to draw attention of the readers on the disorders that mimic MDS. Additionally, our personal experiences are also be shared. Awareness of disorders mimicking MDS may prevent over- or underdiagnosis of MDS

Is the digital media a panacea for the ills of mass media concentration?

Digital platforms facilitate public discourse, but discourage competing views, write Shaila Miranda, Amber Young, and Emre Yetgi

The Estimation of Peatlands Reserve on Carbon in the Forest and Shrubs That Has Been Drained

Global warming and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) became a hot issue in the world today. An increased concentration of carbon in the atmosphere becomes one of the serious problems that can affect life on Earth. Peatlands pointed out as one of the sources of GHG emissions. Drainage of peatlands cause decreased water level so that the decomposition process is faster on a layer above the groundwater table, thus affecting the chemical characteristics of peat. In addition to affecting the ground water level, drainage also leads to a decrease in surface height peat soil (subsidence). Given the magnitude of the role of drainage and land use types in affecting carbon stocks and emissions of CO2 on peat soil, this study is to measure carbon stocks and emissions of CO2 on peat soil in forests and shrubs that have been drained. CO2 emissions increase with the closer spacing of the drainage channel that is at a distance of 50 m to 500 m of drainage channels. Meanwhile, at a distance of 5 m and 10 m of the drainage channel can not be concluded because of the condition of ground water that is stagnant at the time of sampling gas, so be very low CO2 emissions. CO2 emissions on the use of forest land are higher than the shrub land

Complacency and Intentionality in IT Use and Continuance

Decision makers’ initial and continued use of information technology has traditionally been viewed as a mindful and intentional behavior. However, when a decision aid makes mostly correct recommendations, its users may become complacent. That is, users may accept recommendations without mindfully considering the recommendations or involvement with the aid. As such, they may be more likely to accept inaccurate recommendations. We draw on dual-processing theory to describe why users might behave in a mindless and complacent rather than mindful manner when using a decision aid. In our experimental investigation, we manipulated the accuracy of the recommendations provided by a decision aid and observe users’ performance on a complex decision task. Using the decision aid, participants completed five task trials. To assess complacency and intentionality, we compared subjective (i.e., self-report) and objective (i.e., gaze data via an eye tracker) use measures. Our analysis and comparison of the subjective and objective responses indicate that, contrary to widespread theorizing, decision aid usage and continuance appear to be less intentional than commonly believed. Further, we found that a decision aid’s users can be vulnerable to complacency even when recommendations are known to be inaccurate. Based on the findings of our study, we offer theoretical and practical implications regarding complacency and intentionality in technology use

Conflict Asymmetry in Face-to-face and Computer Mediated Teams

Jehn and colleagues (2010) investigated conflict asymmetry (i.e., different perceptions towards conflict) in a face-to-face context from a multilevel perspective and found that both group and individual levels of conflict asymmetry had negative impacts on performance. In this paper, we conducted a conceptual replication of their work to understand how computer-mediation and time may impact previous findings on conflict asymmetry. At the group-level, we observed a three-way interaction suggesting computer-mediation may reduce the negative consequences of conflict asymmetry early in a teams’ lifecycle. At the individual level, we observed a two-way interaction wherein the negative correlation between high task-conflict asymmetry perceptions and satisfaction took time to emerge

The Differential Effects Of Technological Cues On Elaboration

There is an abundance of user reviews available online about anything, ranging from commercial products to professors.According to the elaboration likelihood model (ELM), users can elaborate on the relevant information as long as they havethe motivation and the cognitive ability to do so. However, the extent of information found online can be so overwhelmingthat it may exceed the cognitive capacity of its seeker, and cause an overload. We propose that technological cues can helpusers identify the most relevant and useful information. The hypotheses were tested using 39 students in a study based on aprofessor-review website. Findings suggest that sorting the reviews by their helpfulness interacts with ability in determiningthe participants’ extent of elaboration. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed