Water-soluble antioxidant potential of Turkish pepper cultivars

In this work, 29 pepper cultivars that represent the diversity of types and varieties grown in Turkey were analyzed for water-soluble antioxidant capacity and phenolic and vitamin C contents. In addition, 14 non-Turkish cultivars were tested for comparison. Significant diversity was observed in the different cultivars with the most variation (7.4-fold) seen for total antioxidant capacity, which ranged from 2.57 to 18.96 mmol Trolox/kg. Vitamin C content for the peppers ranged from 522 to 1631 mg·kg-1, a 3.1-fold difference, whereas total phenolic content for the pepper cultivars ranged from 607 to 2724 mg·kg-1, a 4.5-fold difference. When cultivars were grouped by morphology/ use, it was found that some types had significantly more variation and higher antioxidant activities than other types. Thus, for water-soluble antioxidant capacity, most variation was seen in long, blunt-ended Çarliston types, whereas long, pointed Sivri peppers had the highest mean capacity. Bell-shaped Dolmalik and Sivri peppers had the most variation for phenolic content, but fancy Süs and Sivri types had the highest means for this trait. Dolmalik types showed the most variation for vitamin C content, whereas Süs and Sivri peppers had the highest means for this character. All three parameters were significantly and positively correlated with the strongest correlation between total antioxidant capacity and phenolic content (r = 0.71). The presence of significant variation for antioxidant content in Turkish germplasm indicates that this material can be used for improvement and genetic mapping of nutritional content in pepper

Determination of genetic diversity and antioxidant content of the national melon (Cucumis melo) collection

Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Biotechnology, Izmir, 2008Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 78-85)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxii, 103 leavesIn this study, characterization with 19 morphological criteria and two types of PCRbased molecular marker systems, Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs, microsatellites) and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisims (AFLPs), were used to characterize genetic variability among 238 national melon (Cucumis melo L.) accessions and 12 different members of the Cucurbitaceae family.According to morphological analysis, all accessions were vigourous. The accessions showed a great variety of fruit shape, 53 (38.4%) accessions were globular (round), 51 (37.0%) were eliptical, 15 (10.9%) were ovate, 7 (5.1%) oblate, 2 (1.4%) elongate and one accession was flattened. Another agronomically important criterion was predominant fruit skin colour. A total of 55 (39.9%) accessions had light yellow predominant skin colour, 34 (24.6%) were pale green, 29 (21.0%) were orange, 9 (6.5%) were cream, 6 (4.4%) were green, 4 (2.9%) were blackish-green and 1 (0.7%) was dark green.In accordance with genetic characterization, a total of 345 polymorphic AFLP fragments (products of 10 AFLP primer combinations) and 93 SSR fragments (products of 12 SSR markers) were detected and used to calculate genetic distance using DICE matrix and UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method) arithmetical averages. The average polymorphic AFLP fragments per combination was 34.5 and SSR fragments per marker was 7.75. The phylogenetic tree showed that groups were clearly separated by both marker systems. This study allowed the identification of the relationship between national melon accessions based on genetic similarity or differences.Forty three melon accessions were also analyzed for total water soluble antioxidant and total phenolic compound activities

Determination of molecular markers linked to the resistancy control gene towards zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

Bu doktora tezi çalışmasında, hıyar (Cucumis sativus L.)'da önemli bir virütik hastalık etmeni olan Kabak Sarı Mozaik Virüsü (ZYMV)'ne karşı dayanıklılık sağlayan gene bağlantılı moleküler işaretleyicilerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla daha önceden bu hastalığa karşı belirlenen homozigot dayanıklı ve homozigot hassas iki hıyar çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Bu ebeveynler bire bir melezlenerek F1 hibritleri elde edilmişitir. Elde edilen F1 populasyonundan rastgele seçilen 5 adet birey, kendilenerek 5 adet F2 populasyonu oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen 5 adet F2 populasyonundan 1 tanesi seçilmiş ve bu populasyon bireylerinin her biri ekilerek F3 aşamasına gidilmiştir. F3 aşamasında elde edilen bireylerden 10 ar adet tohum alınarak bu bireylerde patojenisite testi yapılmıştır. Yapılan patojenisite testi sonucunda dayanıklı, hassas ve heterozigot guruplar belirlemiştir. Yapılan her bir kademede bitkiler 3-4 gerçek yaprak aşamasına geldiğinde bu bitkilerden tek tek yaprak numuneleri alınarak DNA izolasyonları yapılmıştır. F3 aşamasında yapılan patojenisite testi sonrasında belirlenen guruplar göz önünde alınarak hassas ana, dayanıklı baba, dayanıklı gurup-1, dayanıklı gurup-2, hassas gurup-1, hassas gurup-2 ve negatif kontrol (su) olmak üzere 8 gurup belirlenmiştir. Bu gurupların (negatif kontrol hariç) DNA ları alınarak, moleküler işaretleyiciler ile taramaları yapılmıştır. Moleküler işaretleyici taramalarında 170 adet SRAP, 586 adet SSR, 11 adet InDel ve 308 adet AFLP primer kombinasyonları kullanılmıştır. Yapılan moleküler tarama sonuçlarına göre, 170 adet SRAP primer kombinasyonlarından760 DNA bandı elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu DNA bandlarından 68 tanesi ilgili DNA larda polimorfizm göstermiş olup, polimorfizim oranı % 8,95' tir. 586 adet SSR primerlerinden 52 tanesi ilgili DNAlarda polimorfizm göstermiş olup, polimorfizim oranı % 8,87' dir. 11 adet InDel primerlerinden 32 adet DNA bandı elde edilmiş, elde edilen bu bantlardan 4 tanesi polimorfizm göstermiş olup polimorfizim oranı % 12,5'tir. Toplamda 308 adet AFLP kombinasyonu denenmiştir. Yapılan bu çalışmaların sonucunda E-ACA/MCA, EACA/M-CC, E/ACA/M-CT, E-AAC/M-CA, EAAC/M-CC, EAAC/M-CT, E-AAT/M-CAC, E-AAT/M-CAG, E-ACT/M-CAA primer kombinasyonları, daha önceden oluşturduğumuz ana, baba, F1 ve bulk guruplar üzerinde doğru açılımı verdiği gözlemlenmiştir.In greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivation, it is suggested that using of resistant variety is the most important method for battling to virus diseases. In this PhD thesis, we aimed that to determine of the genetic mapping via molecular markers of the resistancy toward Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus (ZYMV) in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). In view of this aim, we determined two parental lines that are resistant and susceptible to ZYMV. These parental lines were crossed in order to get F1 population. After we developed to F1 population, we selected 5 F1s randomly to get F2 populations. After developed 5 F2 populations, we selected only 1 F2 population and all of F2 progenies were selfed to get F3. In F3 stage, we selected randomly 10 F3 plants to do pathogenisity test. After pathogenisty test, we determined to resistant, susceptible and heterozygot plants in F2 population. All of these stages, we collected to fresh leaf samples in order to do DNA isolation. We determined to 8 groups that were bulk groups (resistant group-1, resistant group-2, susceptible group-1, susceptible group-2) with susceptible mother, resistant father and negative control (water). We screened all of these group with 170 SRAP, 586 SSR, 11 InDel and 308 AFLP primer combinations. According to molecular screening results, there were acquired 760 DNA bands from 170 SRAP primer combinations. Within 760 DNA bands, only 68 DNA band patterns showed polymorphism and the ratio of polymorphism was 8,95 %. Within 586 SSR markers, only 52 SSRs showed polymorphism and the ratio of polymorphism was 8,87 %. From 11 InDel markers, tehere were acquired 32 DNA band patterns, within 32 DNA band patterns, only 4 showed polymorphism and the ratio of polymorphism was 12,5 %. Within 308 AFLP primer combinations were done and E-ACA/MCA, EACA/M-CC, E/ACA/M-CT, E-AAC/M-CA, EAAC/M-CC, EAAC/M-CT, E-AAT/M-CAC, E-AAT/M-CAG, E-ACT/M-CAA primer combinations showed correct segregation on our parental lines, F1s and bulk groups.MAY Agro Tohumculuk San. Tic. A.Ş

Ethnobotanic Survey of Işıklı (Çarpın), Dağdancık and Tokdemir in Gaziantep, Turkey

An ethnobotanical study was performed in Işıklı (Çarpın), Dağdancık and Tokdemir in Gaziantep, Turkey. Sixty plant species belonging to 29 families and 57 different genera were collected. According to information on traditional uses of these species; 48 are used for medicine, 19 species are used for food and drink, 9 species are used for fuel, 4 species are used for dye and 14 species are used for other purposes. For the 113 plant samples, 67 uses were related to medicine (%59), 19 uses were related to food and drink (%17), 9 uses were related to fuel (%8), 4 uses were related to dye (%4) and 14 uses did not fit in any of these categories (%12). For each plant species, family names, botanical names, local names, part(s) used, manner of use, usefulness, purpose of usage and number of informants are described.An ethnobotanical study was performed in Işıklı (Çarpın), Dağdancık and Tokdemir in Gaziantep, Turkey. Sixty plant species belonging to 29 families and 57 different genera were collected. According to information on traditional uses of these species; 48 are used for medicine, 19 species are used for food and drink, 9 species are used for fuel, 4 species are used for dye and 14 species are used for other purposes. For the 113 plant samples, 67 uses were related to medicine (%59), 19 uses were related to food and drink (%17), 9 uses were related to fuel (%8), 4 uses were related to dye (%4) and 14 uses did not fit in any of these categories (%12). For each plant species, family names, botanical names, local names, part(s) used, manner of use, usefulness, purpose of usage and number of informants are described

Water-soluble antioxidant potential of melon lines grown in Turkey

The antioxidant potential of 42 melon (Cucumis melo) lines including six cultivars grown in Turkey was assessed by measuring total water-soluble antioxidant capacity, phenolic and vitamin C contents. The lines showed significant variability for all three antioxidant parameters with breeding lines having higher antioxidant capacity and phenolic content than some popular cultivars. Different types of melons also showed significantly different antioxidant potentials. Thus, galia and ananas types showed a higher mean antioxidant capacity and phenolic content than the other tested types (yuva, kislik, canary, and charentais). Correlation analysis between antioxidant parameters showed a significant correlation between water-soluble antioxidant capacity and phenolic content. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.Izmir Institute of Technology (2006-IYTE-03

Domates (Lycopersicon esculentum)’te antioksidant ve agronomik olarak önemli karakterler için kantitatif karakter lokus analizleri

Tomato is one of the most widely produced and consumed vegetable crops worldwide. Plant breeders have usually focused on improvement of horticulturally important traits such as yield, fruit size, shape and colour. With increased attention on human health, however, plant breeders also consider the improvement of health-related traits of fruits and vegetables such as antioxidant characters. In the present study, genes controlling both health-related and horticulturally important traits were mapped in the tomato genome using 152 Lycopersicon hirsutum BC2F2 individuals. For this aim, all plants were phenotypically and genotypically characterised and a total of 75 QTLs were identified for all traits. Of the 75 QTLs, 28 were identified for 5 antioxidant traits including total water soluble antioxidant capacity, vitamin C, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and lycopene contents, and 47 QTLs were identified for 8 agronomic traits including fruit weight, external and internal fruit colour, fruit firmness, fruit shape, stem scar size, locule number, and wall thickness. Markers linked with these QTLs can be used in marker assisted selection (MAS) for improvement of elite tomato lines. © TÜBİTAK.Domates dünyada üretimi ve tüketimi en çok yapılan sebzelerden biridir. Bundan dolayı birçok bitki ıslahçısı bugüne kadar domateste ürün verimliliği, meyve büyüklüğü, şekli ve rengi gibi tarımsal açıdan önem teşkil eden karakterlerin geliştirilmesi için çaba sarfetmişlerdir. İnsan sağlığına verilen önemin artmasıyla beraber, bitki ıslahçıları artık meyve ve sebzelerde antioksidant karakterleri gibi sağlıkla ilişkili karakterlerin de geliştirilmesini dikkate almaya başlanmışlardır. Yapılan bu çalışmada, 152 bireyden oluşan BC2F2 Lycopersicon hirsutum populasyonu kullanılarak, hem sağlık açısından hem de tarımsal açıdan önem teşkil eden karakterler domates genomunda haritalanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, populasyondaki bütün bireyler fenotipik ve genotipik olarak karakterize edildikten sonra analiz edilen bütün karakterler için toplamda 75 QTL (genetik lokus) belirlenmiştir. Bu 75 QTL içerisinden, suda çözünen toplam antioksidant aktivitesi, C vitamini, toplam fenolik, toplam fl avonoid ve likopen miktarını da içerisine alan beş antioksidant karakteri için 28 adet, tarımsal açıdan önem teşkil eden dış ve iç meyve rengi, meyve ağırlığı, sertliği, şekli, gövde izi, lokul sayısı ve perikarp kalınlığı gibi sekiz karakter için ise toplamda 47 QTL belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak belirlenen bu QTL’lerle ilişkili olan markörler, markör dayalı seçilim tekniği (MAS) kullanılmak suretiyle birinci sınıf kültür domates hatları geliştirilmesinde kullanılabilir.Ministry of Industry and Commerce (52 STZ 2007-1); Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK

Total antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents in different turkish eggplant (Solanum Melongena L.) cultivars

In this study, total water soluble antioxidant activity and phenolic content of 26 eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) cultivars were investigated. Total water soluble antioxidant activity of the cultivars varied from 2664 to 8247 molTrolox/kg, which is a 3.1-fold difference. Cultivars also showed significant variation for total phenolic contents ranging from 615 to 1376 mg/kg, a 2.2-fold difference. The two traits were significantly correlated and results of this study suggested that breeders can use the information to develop eggplant cultivars with high antioxidant activity.TÜBİTAK Project No. TOGTAG-3163 and TBAG-104T224; İzmir Institute of Technology (IYTE 2002-29

Water-soluble antioxidant potential of Turkish pepper cultivars

In this work, 29 pepper cultivars that represent the diversity of types and varieties grown in Turkey were analyzed for water-soluble antioxidant capacity and phenolic and vitamin C contents. In addition, 14 non-Turkish cultivars were tested for comparison. Significant diversity was observed in the different cultivars with the most variation (7.4-fold) seen for total antioxidant capacity, which ranged from 2.57 to 18.96 mmol Trolox/kg. Vitamin C content for the peppers ranged from 522 to 1631 mg·kg-1, a 3.1-fold difference, whereas total phenolic content for the pepper cultivars ranged from 607 to 2724 mg·kg-1, a 4.5-fold difference. When cultivars were grouped by morphology/ use, it was found that some types had significantly more variation and higher antioxidant activities than other types. Thus, for water-soluble antioxidant capacity, most variation was seen in long, blunt-ended Çarliston types, whereas long, pointed Sivri peppers had the highest mean capacity. Bell-shaped Dolmalik and Sivri peppers had the most variation for phenolic content, but fancy Süs and Sivri types had the highest means for this trait. Dolmalik types showed the most variation for vitamin C content, whereas Süs and Sivri peppers had the highest means for this character. All three parameters were significantly and positively correlated with the strongest correlation between total antioxidant capacity and phenolic content (r = 0.71). The presence of significant variation for antioxidant content in Turkish germplasm indicates that this material can be used for improvement and genetic mapping of nutritional content in pepper

Molecular genetic diversity in the Turkish national melon collection and selection of a preliminary core set

Turkey is a secondary center of diversity for melon (Cucumis melo) and is home to a variety of regional morphotypes. This diversity is housed in a national germplasm repository with more than 500 accessions. Molecular genetic variability of 209 melon genotypes from 115 accessions of this collection was characterized using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). Ten AFLP primer combinations yielded 279 reproducible fragments, which were used for dendrogram and principal coordinate analyses. These analyses showed two major clusters of Turkish melons: one group contained highly similar genotypes (maximum Dice dissimilarity coefficient of 0.18), whereas the other group was genetically more diverse (maximum dissimilarity 0.41). Although average dissimilarity was low (0.13), a broad range of genetic diversity was observed in the collection. A marker allele richness strategy was used to select a core set of 20 genotypes representing the allelic diversity of the AFLP data. The core set had double the average diversity (0.26) of the entire set and represented the major morphotypes present in the collection. Molecular genetic diversity of the core set was further validated using simple sequence repeat marker data (116 polymorphic fragments), which confirmed that the selected core set retained high levels of molecular genetic diversity