A Search to Integrate the Science Policy Works and “Turkish Science Policy 1983-2003”

In Turkey, depending on the country's economic status and technological sophistication, science policy efforts were begun, science policy decisions were taken with 1960s and the issue was reflected to the official documents. However, an integrated program couldn’t have put into action for a long time to gather this fringe image showing science policy works. "Turkish Science Policy 1983- 2003”document of 1983 was an important step on the road to reach this purpose. But this document was not applied. In this article, aiming to reveal the reasons of this with history bases, the period from 1945 to 1983 is focused on. The subject is concluded by introducing "Turkish Science Policy 1983-2003”briefly and the results are obtained. The topic is enriched by comparing Turkey with some countries and Turkey's success was measured in this area

A rare congenital fusion anomaly of the urinary tract: Pancake kidney

Pancake kidney is a rare subtype of cross fused renal ectopia. Fusion of both upper and lower poles of the kidney in pelvis results in a disc or cake shaped kidney appearence. In this report, we are presenting two cases (a 3-month-old male and a 3-year-old girl) with different presentations and their follow-up results. Usually, renal fusion anomalies do not pose a risk for deterioration of renal function. With this fact kept in mind, cases should be managed individually. Additionally, magnetic resonance imaging should be the preferred modality in which further evaluation is required since it can give both functional and anatomical detail with no radiation exposure

Time to resolution of isolated antenatal hydronephrosis with anteroposterior diameter 20 mm

Data regarding spontaneous resolution of mild hydronephrosis consist of different etiologies, and hence, it is heterogeneous. The aim of this study is to evaluate spontaneous resolution rates and the time to complete resolution of antenatally detected isolated hydronephrosis in patients with renal pelvis antero-posterior diameter (RPAPD) 20mm. Retrospective chart review of patients who were admitted to our pediatric nephrology clinic for the evaluation of antenatal hydronephrosis between 2011 and 2017 was conducted. Patients that had hydronephrosis with RPAPD 20mm, <SFU (Society for Fetal Urology) grade IV on initial postnatal evaluation, and 3months of follow-up with at least two renal ultrasounds (US) were included. Complete resolution of hydronephrosis was regarded as SFU grade 0 with a RPAPD of <7mm. Patients with ureteric and lower urinary tract abnormalities were excluded. There were a total of 276 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Median follow-up was 16months (range 3-96months). Hydronephrosis completely resolved in 198 patients (71.7%). Surgery was not required in any of the patients; however, nine patients (3.3%) showed progression to higher grades of hydronephrosis or increase in AP diameter. Median time to complete resolution of hydronephrosis was 6months (range 2-35months) in our study. Those with AP diameter <10mm became normal in median of 5months, while it took median 11months for patients with AP diameter 10-20mm to become normalized (p<0.001).Conclusion: Isolated antenatal hydronephrosis with RPAPD 20mm would spontaneously resolve in 71.7% of the cases. Resolution may be expected to happen in 3years, while the majority will take place in the first year of life

Is voiding cystourethrography necessary for evaluating unilateral ectopic pelvic kidney?

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate if voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is necessary for the evaluation of unilateral ectopic pelvic kidney (UEPK) in order to identify vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)

Incidence of primary vesicoureteral reflux in patients with febrile convulsions

The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in patients with febrile convulsion (FC). For this, patients that were diagnosed with FC in 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Those with epilepsy, motor/mental retardation, or spina bifida were excluded. Mid-stream urine samples were collected in children who were toilet trained while sterile bags were used in the smaller. Urinary tract infection (UTI) was defined as > 5 leucocytes/HPF in urinalysis and a subsequent positive urine culture (>= 10.000 CFU/ml). Children with UTI were further investigated via voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy for VUR. Urinalysis was present in 79 among a total of 181 patients (43.6%). Forty-five of the patients were male (57%). Mean age was 2.6 +/- 1.4 years. UTI was diagnosed in 6 (7.6%) patients (5 females, 1 male). Three of the girls had recurrent febrile UTI and subsequently, VUR was diagnosed in two of them. VUR is found in 2.5% of the FC cases with urine sampling. Urinalysis should not be ignored in patients with FC as it may lead to diagnosis of VUR