Senkronize bilateral üst üriner sistem ürotelyal karsinomu olgu sunumu]

Synchronous bilateral upper urinary tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) is a very rare form of urothelial cancer. In patients with high-risk unilateral UTUC, radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) is the gold standard treatment. However, there is no consensus on the treatment for synchronous bilateral UTUC. Evaluation of the patient and the tumor is recommended. Bilateral nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) was performed on a 53-year-old patient who presented with high-risk synchronous bilateral UTUC, and the outcome was reported

A MATLAB/GUI based photovoltaic system simulator for estimation of PV parameter using newton-raphson method

Bu çalışmada ilk olarak güneş pilinin çalışma prensibi, bileşenleri ve bağlantı şekilleri ile eşdeğer devre modeli çıkarımı incelenmiştir. Fotovoltaik (FV) güneş pili modülü genel eşdeğer devre modeli matematiksel denklemleri MATLAB programına uyarlanmıştır. Güneş pilinin akım denklemi çözümü için Newton-Raphson yöntemi kullanılarak MATLAB grafiksel kullanıcı ara yüzü (GUI) ortamında bir ara yüz oluşturulmuştur. Kullanılan model güneş ışınımı ve sıcaklık gibi değişen çevresel koşulları da içerecek şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Oluşturulan ara yüz ile kullanıcı; ışınım, sıcaklık, seri direnç, ideallik faktörü ve seri-paralel bağlı hücre sayıları gibi parametreleri değiştirerek akım ile gerilim (I-V) ve güç ile gerilim (P-V) eğrilerini kolayca elde edebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada iki ayrı üretici firmaya ait güneş paneli verileri için farklı parametreler kullanılarak karakteristik eğriler elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca kullanıcı bu ara yüz sayesinde fotovoltaik hücrenin değişken değerlerini girerek maksimum akım (Imp), maksimum gerilim (Vmp), maksimum güç (Pmp), giriş gücü (Pin), doldurma faktörü (DF) ve verim (η) gibi değerleri kolaylıkla elde edebilmektedir. Bu sayede bu alanda çalışanlar için kullanıcıya kolaylık sağlayan bir ara yüz geliştirilmiştir.In this study, the working principle, components and connection types of the solar cell and the equivalent circuit model extraction were examined. The mathematical equations of the photovoltaic (PV) solar cell module general equivalent circuit model were adapted to the MATLAB software. An interface was created in the MATLAB GUI environment using the Newton-Raphson method to solve the current equation of the solar cell. The model used also includes changing environmental conditions such as solar radiation and temperature. With the interface created, the user; can quickly obtain Current-Voltage (I-V) and Power-Voltage (P-V) curves by changing parameters such as radiation, temperature, series resistance, ideality factor and number of cells connected in series-parallel. In this study, characteristic curves were obtained by using different parameters for the solar panel data of two other manufacturers. In addition, the user can quickly get values such as maximum current (Imp), maximum voltage (Vmp), maximum power (Pmp), input power (Pin), filling factor (FF) and efficiency (η) by entering the variable values of the photovoltaic cell through this interface. In this way, an interface that provides convenience to the user has been developed for those working in this field

Production and investigation of nano dimensional Ag structures on TiO2 by cold substrate technique

Bu tez çalışmasında, vakum ortamında soğuk altlık tekniğiyle yeni deneysel süreçler kullanılarak Ti esaslı malzemelerin yüzeyine gümüş kaplanması ve oluşan TiO2-Ag ikili yapısının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Titanyum ve alaşımları (Ti-6Al-4V); kararlı yapıları, yüksek mukavemet/ağırlık oranları, yüksek korozyon dirençleri, işlenebilir ve biyouyumlu olmaları nedeniyle çok çeşitli uygulamalarda genellikle tercih edilmektedir. Bu tezde kullanılan soğuk altlık tekniğinde ince film oluşma süreci soliton büyüme mekanizması ile gerçekleşmektedir. Soliton mekanizmasının en önemli özelliği altlık yüzeyinin eşit boyutta nano parçacıklarla kaplanmasıdır. Kaplama materyali olarak fotoelektronik teknolojisi başta olmak üzere antibakteriyel özelliği nedeniyle sağlık alanında da kullanılan gümüş iyonları tercih edilmiştir. Özel olarak hazırlanan düzenek ile 100-300 K altlık sıcaklığında Ag kaplı örnekler hazırlandıktan sonra örneklerin yapısal ve morfolojik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Ag katmanlarının kübik yapıda büyüdüğü ve altlık sıcaklığı azaldıkça Ag yapıya ait piklerin şiddetlerinin arttığı X-ışını kırınım desenlerinden belirlenmiştir. Buna paralel olarak altlık sıcaklığı azaldıkça kaplanan gümüş miktarının arttığı enerji ayırmalı X-ışını spektroskopisi ölçümlerinden belirlenmiştir. Taramalı elektron mikroskobu ölçümleri, altlık sıcaklığı azaldıkça Ag katmanlarında tane boyutlarının küçüldüğünü ve 100-200 K sıcaklık aralığında hazırlanan Ag filmlerinin eşit boyutlu nano parçacıklar şeklinde kaplandığını göstermiştir. Bu sıcaklık aralığında büyütülen kaplamaların korozyon direncinin fazla olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte 100-200 K sıcaklık bölgesinde elde edilen nano boyutlu Ag kaplamalarında beklenenin tersine sertlik değerinde azalma görülmüştür. Anahtar Kelimeler: Soğuk Altlık Tekniği, Soliton Mekanizması, TiO2, Ag Nano Parçacık. In this thesis study, it is aimed to cover the surface of Ti-based materials with Ag by using new experimental processes with cold substrate technique and to examine the TiO2-Ag binary structure. Titanium and its alloys (Ti-6Al-4V) are generally preferred due to their stable structure, high strength/weight ratios, high corrosion resistance, processability and biocompatibility in a wide range of applications. Thin film formation process is realized by soliton growth mechanism in the cold substrate technique used in this thesis. The most important feature of the soliton mechanism is the coating of the surface with equal size nano particles. Silver ions were preferred which are used especially in the photoelectronic technology also in the health field due to its antibacterial properties as coating material. The morphological and structural properties of the samples were examined after preparation of Ag coated samples at the substrate temperature of 100-300 K with specially prepared apparatus. It was determined from the X-ray diffraction patterns where Ag layers were grown in cubic structure and the intensity of Ag structure peaks increased as the substrate temperature decreased. Parallel to this, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements was determined where the amount of Ag coated increased as the substrate temperature decreased. As the substrate temperature decreases, scanning electron microscope measurements showed that the particle sizes decreased in the Ag layers and the Ag films prepared in the 100-200 K temperature range were coated in equal sized nano particles. Higher corrosion resistance was observed in this temperature range, the coatings which has grown. On the other hand, nano-sized Ag coatings obtained in the 100-200 K temperature zone showed a decrease in the hardness value as expected. Keywords: Cold Substrate Technique, Soliton Mechanism, TiO2, Ag Nano Particle

Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio: A New Factor for Predicting Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome after Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Purpose: The first purpose of this study was to reveal factors affecting the postoperative development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in patients undergoing standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) for renal stones. The second purpose was to determine the role of the preoperative platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the prediction of SIRS. Matarials and Methods: In total, 192 patients who had undergone conventional PNL for renal stones from 2013 to 2015 were included in the study. SIRS developed postoperatively in 41 (21.3%) patients. The patients were divided into SIRS and non-SIRS groups, and the effects of the PLR, NLR, and other demographic and operative data were investigated to predict the development of SIRS. Variables significant in the univariate analysis were evaluated using a multiple logistic regression model to determine the independent risk factors for developing SIRS after PNL. Results: Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in the preoperative PLR (P 114.1 because of the possible development of serious complications

Mondor Disease Of Penis; A Rare Entity Mimicking Peyronie's Disease

Mondor’s disease of the penis is a rare entity characterized by thrombosis in the dorsal penile vein. Unlike anxiety resulting from this condition which is conservatively treated, recognizing this disease is quite easy with Doppler ultrasonography. Peyronie’s disease and sclerosing lymphangitis are considered in the differential diagnosis of Mondor’s disease. In this present case report we aimed to present ultrasonography findings and briefly review the literature in a male patient diagnosed with Mondor's disease who admitted with rope like stiffness on the dorsal side of penis mimicking Peyronie's disease

A Rare Complication of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate: Explosion of the Bladder

Monopolar and bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate is currently the gold standard modality in the treatment of bladder outlet obstruction due to prostatic enlargement. A rare complication of transurethral resection is the explosion of the bladder as may occur during resection of the prostate. The etiology of explosion is thought to be a result of ignition due to mixture of oxygen and hydrogen gas occurring during the resection under increased pressure of the bladder. To the best of our knowledge, our case is the first report of bladder explosion during transurethral resection with bipolar energy using saline solution

Does laparoscopic transperitoneal simple nephrectomy for inflammatory and non-inflammatory kidneys differ?

Background: Laparoscopic simple nephrectomy is the standard procedure for the removal of non-functioning benign kidney. It can be performed transperitoneally or retroperitoneally. There are several studies comparing the results of transperitoneally or retroperitoneally laparoscopic nephrectomy but there are limited numbers of study comparing results of laparoscopic transperitoneal simple nephrectomy in non-inflammatory and inflammatory non-functioning kidneys. The aim of this study was to compare the results of laparoscopic transperitoneal simple nephrectomy in non-inflammatory and inflammatory non-functioning kidneys. Results: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy for various inflammatory and non-inflammatory renal conditions at our institution from May 2012 to October 2015. We divided the patients in two groups. Group 2 involved the kidneys with stone disease and/or hydronephrosis, patients with previous renal surgery and patients with the history of recurrent infections. Group 1 involved the patients who had non-functioning kidney without these properties. All the surgeries were performed by transperitoneal approach and peroperative blood loss, operation time, hospitalization time, postoperative creatinine changes and haemoglobin drop were compared between groups. There were 22 patients with inflammatory and 27 patients with non-inflammatory non-functioning kidney. Operation time, peroperative blood loss, hospitalization time, postoperative haemoglobin drop and creatinine difference were not statistically different between groups. Surgical side and the presence of previous surgery did not affect the surgical results of inflammatory and non-inflammatory kidney nephrectomy. The only difference was postoperative fever which was more frequent after the nephrectomy of inflammatory kidney. Conclusions: On the basis of our experience, surgical results of transperitoneal laparoscopic simple nephrectomy did not differ between inflammatory and non-inflammatory kidneys. Surgical times were higher in inflammatory group even if the difference was not significant

Ureteroscopy and Laser Lithotripsy for Treatment of Ureteral Stones in Pregnants: Single Center Experience

Objective: To report our ureteroscopic laser lithotrip­sy experiences in the treatment of symptomatic ureter stones in pregnants which do not respond to conservative treatment Methods: A total of 6 pregnants aged between 22-33 years in second or third trimester were studied. Holmium-YAG laser lithotripsy was performed with 6.5 F semirigid uretroscope. Results: The diagnosis of ureter stone was made with ab­dominal ultrasonography in 5 patients and with magnetic resonance in one patient. Adequate stone fragmentation was performed in 2 mid-ureter and 4 distal-ureter stones. J stent was applied in one patient after the fragmenta­tion process. The mean operation time was 24.8 ± 10.0 minutes after the entry of bladder with ureteroscope un­der spinal anesthesia. No urologic, anesthetic or obstetric complication was seen and all patients gave healthy birth at term. Conclusion: Fine calibrated ureteroscopes for the treat­ment of ureter stones in pregnants are fast and effective treatment modalities which decrease the operation time and remove difficulties in entering the ureter