INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL AND SPORTS ACTIVITY ON MENTAL HEALTH

The purpose of this narrative review is to investigate evidence for physical and sports activity affecting mental health. Knowledge about preemptive and treatment effects on achieving and maintaining an average level of physical abilities is considered nowadays to be a significant achievement of modern science. This knowledge has influenced the creation of various programs for the improvement of the holistic wealth of an individual. The accent is on the investigation of psychological benefits of exercising both in terms of prevention, and in treatment of stress, depression and anxiety. It is necessary to establish a parallel between the positive and negative influences of sports activity on mental health, and use of the individual approach in the way, attitude, motive, intensity and scope of recreational/sport activity. Regarding professional athletes, harmonization of physical and psychological preparation with adequate professional supervision is of great importance. Coordinated physical and psychological preparations can act positively on the attainment and achievement of goals, but also on the preservation and maintenance of mental health

Preliminary results of winter savory (Satureja montana L.) cultivated under permeable mulch film in dry farming conditions of South Banat

The aim of study was to investigate development of perennial medicinal plant, Satureja montana L., cultivated in dry farming conditions of South Banat, Serbia, with use of black permeable mulch film. In the first two vegetations, the influence of fertilization and crop density on yields of the aboveground plant part (per plant and per m2) and on the content of total essential oil and its major constituents was observed. Overwintering survival, after late performed first harvest, and surviving ratio by the end of the second year of vegetation were 90.1% and 86.9%, respectively. Ratio between fresh and dry biomass (2.4:1) was not affected by tested treatments. The yield per plant was affected by the treatments only in the second year; in lower compared to higher crop density it was 25% higher, and in organic compared to mineral fertilization it was 19 % higher. In both years, crop density did not show significant effect on yield per unit area, while in case of fertilization, this yield was higher in organic fertilization compared to mineral in the first and the second year, 7% and 19%, respectively. The essential oil yields ranged from 0.8% to 0.9%, with the major constituent thymol (48.3-69.4%), followed by carvacrol, p-cymene and β-bisabolene. The essential oil yield did not depend on treatments, while the content of major constituents was significantly affected only by applied crop density.

Polar pesticide analyses : validation of glyphosate determination in soil by LC-MS/MS

Although glyphosate is a heavily applied herbicide worldwide, the risk of environmental contamination through transport mechanisms of this substance is still not well documented and the methods for its analysis are usually very complex and nor sensitive enough. In the measurement procedure with LC-MS/MS, a negative mode was used. FMOC-Cl derivatized glyphosate ions were identified by the precise determination of their ion mass. The LOQ was 0.01 mg/kg, with recovery of 101.4±4.49% and linearity over 0.99. The obtain method demonstrates the sensitivity, which enables measurements of glyphosate soil as a matrix. The success of the new extraction method was confirmed by measuring spiked soil samples to control recovery, linearity, LOD and LOQ

Comparison of phenylurea pesticides recovery from different soil types

The subject of this research work is to determine the recoveries of the studied analytes from the chemical group of phenylurea: isoproturon, diuron and linuron, depending on the physicalchemical soil properties within the validation of multi-residual method for the determination of the herbicide residues in soil by (LC-MS/MS) after QuEChERS extraction of spiked soil samples. The factorial ANOVA did not show any statistical significances regarding the influence of the paired values of different pesticides and soil types. The same result was obtained by the one-way ANOVA calculated for different soil types (ps=0.151060 for p˂0.05) and different pesticides (pp=0.165207 for p˂0.05) regarding the values of average recoveries. Fishers LSD post hoc test emphasized the homogenity and similarity among average recovery values in both cases

Determination of pesticide residues in honeybees by GC-MS and LC-MS/MS

In recent years, a significant decline in populations of honeybees (Apis mellifera) has been recorded. GC/MSD and LC–MS/MS were used to determine pesticide residues in honeybee samples. By GC/MSD analysing six samples of dead honeybees the acetochlor, metolachlor, propiconazole and difenoconazol were detected. By LC-MS/MS analysing thiamethoxam and acetamiprid were detected

Carbamate insecticides extraction depending on the soil properties

The influence of physic-chemical properties of soils on retention of insecticides belonging to carbamate pesticides was studied. The recoveries determination was done in three soils for all pesticides applying QuEChERS method. Identification and quantification were done by LCMS/MS. Except methiocarb, recovery values for multiple analysis of different soil samples spiked at 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg of each of the pesticides ranged from 70.2 to 109.1%. The statistical analyses emphasized high statistical differences among pesticides and obtained recoveries

The Processes that Determine the Fate of Pesticides in Soil

Pesticides are an inevitable part of the environment, because due to the intensive use their remains are frequently detected in nature, particularly in the soil. Regardless the way pesticides get into the soil, their further fate will depend on many factors. Given the complexity of interactions of pesticides and soil, and the fact that the intensity of interaction of the same compound with different soil types is different, the studies of the influence of most important soil parameters on the mentioned interactions are becoming more numerous. In this paper are presented the processes that determine the fate of pesticides in the soil, as well as the factors that affect these processes. A special emphasis is placed on theadsorption processes, since they determine the concentration of free fraction of pesticide molecules, i.e. of pesticide quantity that may participate in detoxification processes including degradation and mobility

Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) in Determination of Pesticide Residues in Soil Samples

The basic principles and application possibilities of the methods based on solid phase microextraction (SPME) in the analysis of pesticide residues in soil samples are presented in the paper. The most important experimental parameters which affect SPME efficacy inpesticide determination (type and thickness of microextraction fiber, duration of microextraction,temperature at which it is conducted, effect of addition of salts (the effect of efflorescence),temperature and time of desorption, the choice of optimal solvent for pesticide exctraction from the soil and the optimal number of extraction steps), as well as general guidelines for their optimization are also shown. In the end, current applications of SPMEmethods in the analysis of pesticide residues in soil samples are presented

Methods for Determination of Pesticide Adsorption Properties and Examination of Their Mobility in Soil

Pesticide destiny in soil depends on a number of factors, as well as on presence and intensity of the processes such as adsorption, degradation, evaporation, rinsing and leaching. Since adsorption processes govern concentration of the free fraction of pesticide molecules, researches in this area are primarily focused on examination of this process, more precisely on determination of adsorption constants and adsorption/desorption isotherms which provide determination of the most responsible soil properties for the retention of the tested pesticides in the soil. Since rinsing across the soil profile is the most frequent and its intensity is indirectly determined by intensity of adsorption processes, determination of adsorption constants of pesticides provides determination of rinsing potential for these substances across the soil profile. Methods for determination of pesticides adsorption properties and examination of their mobility in soil, primarily across the soil profile, are presented in the paper. Special emphasisis placed on the „batch“ method, which is currently the most common, and which was actually proposed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

Food processing as a means for pesticide residue dissipation

Pesticides are one of the major inputs used for increasing agricultural productivity of crops. However, their inadequate application may produce large quantities of residues in the environment and, once the environment is contaminated with pesticides, they may easily enter into the human food chain through plants, creating a potentially serious health hazard. Nowadays, consumers are becoming more aware of the importance of safe and high quality food products. Thus it is pertinent to explore simple, cost-effective strategies for decontaminating food from pesticides. Various food processing techniques, at industrial and/or domestical level, have been found to significantly reduce the contents of pesticide residues in most food materials. The extent of reduction varies with the nature of pesticides, type of commodity and processing steps. Pesticides, especially those with limited movement and penetration ability, can be removed with reasonable efficiency by washing, and the effectiveness of washing depends on pesticide solubility in water or in different chemical solvents. Peeling of fruit and vegetable skin can dislodge pesticide residues to varying degrees, depending on constitution of a commodity, chemical nature of the pesticide and environmental conditions. Different heat treatments (drying, pasteurization, sterilization, blanching, steaming, boiling, cooking, frying or roasting) during various food preparation and preservation processes can cause losses of pesticide residues through evaporation, co-distillation and/or thermal degradation. Product manufactures, from the simplest grain milling, through oil extraction and processing, juicing/pureeing or canning of fruits and vegetables, to complex bakery and dairy production, malting and brewing, wine making and various fermentation processes, play a role in the reduction of pesticide contents, whereby each operation involved during processing usually adds to a cumulative effect of reduction of pesticides present in the material. There is diversified information available in literature on the effect of food processing on pesticide residues which has been compiled in this article