Students\u27 attitudes towards mental patients

Stigma znači negativno obilježavanje osobe zbog dijagnoze psihičke bolesti. Čini značajnu prepreku cjelovitom oporavku i resocijalizaciji psihijatrijskoga bolesnika. Stigma stoga nije samo psihijatrijski i medicinski problem već odraz zrelosti, tolerancije i humanosti cijele zajednice. Rad ispituje stavove mladih osoba, učenika Medicinske škole i Gimnazije Bjelovar, prema psihijatrijskim bolesnicima. Ispitanici su prije ispitivanja usvojili osnovna znanja o psihijatrijskim bolestima i bolesnicima tijekom nastave psihijatrije, odnosno psihologije, a ostvarili su i iskustvo osobnoga susreta s psihijatrijskim bolesnicima. Rezultati rada pokazuju sljedeće: 1. povezanost straha spram psihijatrijskoga bolesnika i stigmatizacije, 2. značajnu stigmatizaciju usprkos prethodnom obrazovanju i osobnom susretu s psihijatrijskim bolesnikom, 3. potrebu primjene antistigma programa usmjerenih na promjenu odnosa šire društvene zajednice.Stigma signifies a negative denotation of a person diagnosed with a mental illness. It presents a significant impediment to full recovery and resocialisation of a psychiatric patient. Therefore, stigma is not only a psychiatric and medical problem, but also a reflection of maturity, tolerance and humanity of the whole community. The paper closely examines the attitude of young people, students of the School of Nursing and Grammar School in Bjelovar, towards psychiatric patients. Before the research, the examinees acquired basic knowledge in psychiatric diseases and psychiatric patients, by taking a course in Psychiatry, i.e. Psychology, and they also had the experience of a personal contact with psychiatric patients. The results of this research are the following: 1. the connection between fear caused by a psychiatric patient, and stigmatisation, 2. significant stigmatisation in spite of previous education and personal contact with a psychiatric patient, 3. the need for implementation of anti-stigma programs, with the purpose of changing attitudes of the wider community

Moking habits of school children in Bjelovarsko-bilogorska county

Anketom o pušenju, provedenom 1996. godine, obuhvaćeno je 6149 učenika osmih razreda osnovnih škola i svih razreda srednjih škola s područja Bjelovara, Čazme, Garešnice, Daruvara i Grubišnog Polja. Obradom ispravno popunjenih upitnika, utvrđeno je da 56,8% ženskih i 56,0% muških ispitanika nije pušilo u vrijeme studije, dok u osmim razredima osnovnih škola nije pušilo 73,0% djevojčica i 65,0% dječaka, ali u četvrtim razredima srednjih škola postotak se smanjio na 44,7% djevojaka i 57,0% mladića. Postotak redovitih pušača duhana kod muških ispitanika se povećao sa 2,0% u osmim razredima osnovne škole, na 15,7% u četvrtim razredima srednje škole, a kod djevojaka sa 1,8% na 16,2%. Posebno zabrinjava činjenic da se ženski dio školske omladine po pušačkim navikama približio muškom dijelu, a to za daljnji odgoj i budućih generacija može imati nepovoljne utjecaje. Ukupni rezultati studije ukazuju na nužnost intenzivnijeg i kvalitetnijeg provođenja zdravstvenog odgoja, a u radu se navode vrste i oblici zdravstvenog odgoja, čije provođenje mislimo da bi rezultiralo poželjnim promjenama pušačkog ponašanja djece i mladeži.The questionaire taken in 1996 comprised 6149 students from the 8th grade of primary schools and all secondary schools in Bjelovar, Čazma, Garešnica, Daruvar and Grubišno Polje. The results, based on correctly fiiled-in questionaires, showed that 56.8% of female and 56.0% of male students examined did not smoke tobacco when the questionaire was taken. In the 8th grade of primary schools 73.0% of girls and 65.0% of boys did not smoke. However, the percentage of nonsmokers in the 4th grade of secondary schools has dropped to 44.7% of girls and 57.0% of boys. The percentage of regular male tobacco smokers increased from 2.0% in the 8th grade of primary school to 15.7% in the 4th grade of secondary schools. A highly disturbing fact is that the female part of school children has developed smoking habits very similar to the smoking habits of the male part. It may have a bad effect on the raising of future generations. The results of the study point out the necessity of conducting health education more intensively and more qualitatively. The study includes the types and forms of health education, conducting of which would, in our opinion, result in positive changes of smoking habits of children and youth

Acute alcohol intoxication

Alkoholizam je praćen brojnim tjelesnim, neurološkim, psihičkim i socijalnim komplikacijama. Stručna literatura upućuje na povezanost akutnoga opitog stanja s traumama glave i neurokirurškim komplikacijama, ali je moguća povezanost i s komplikacijama drugih vrsta. U raduje prikazana bolesnica koja je zaprimljena na odjel psihijatrije pod slikom akutnoga opitog stanja. Anamnestički i heteroanamnestički podatci bili su površni i neprecizni, u statusu kod prijama nisu bili izraženi znaci povrede glave ni akutnoga intrakranijalnog zbivanja. Tijekom opservacija uočen je razvoj neuroloških simptoma i poremećaja svijesti, nakon čega je slijedila hitna neuroradiološka obrada i neurokirurška intervencija. Već u radovima "starih" psihijatara (Bleurler) nalazimo upozorenje da iza kliničkih slika uvjetovanih konzumiranjem alkohola znaju ostati prikrivene druge bolesti, uz rizik previda jedne od njih, navodeći pri tome da pojedine skupine simptoma mogu dobiti "alkoholnu boju". Svrha je rada upozoriti na diferencijalno dijagnostičke teškoće pri obradi akutnoga opitog stanja i opasnost prekrivanja nezavisnih patoloških stanja plaštem akutnoga pijanstva.Alcoholism is accompanied by the number of physical, neurological, psychiatric and social complications. Medical journals point to the relation between acute intoxication and head traumas or neurosurgical complications, but the relation between acute intoxication and other kind of complications is also possible. The paper presents a patient who was admitted to the Department of Psychiatry with a diagnosis of acute (alcoholic) intoxication. Anamnestic and heteroanamnestic data were superficial and inaccurate, and no signs of head trauma or acute intracranial processes were evident at the admission. Development of neurological symptoms and consciousness disorder were noticed during the observation, afterwhich an urgent neuroradiological treatment and neurosurgical intervention followed. The warning that other diseases can sometimes be hidden behind clinical manifestations caused by alcohol consumption was already noticed in the works of "the old" psychiatrists (Bleurler), who pointed out the risks of their misdiagnosis, as some groups of symptoms can get "an alcoholic hue". The aim of this paper is to point out differential diagnostics and its difficulties in treatment of acute intoxication, as well as dangers of disguising independent pathological states as acute inebriation

Acute alcohol intoxication

Alkoholizam je praćen brojnim tjelesnim, neurološkim, psihičkim i socijalnim komplikacijama. Stručna literatura upućuje na povezanost akutnoga opitog stanja s traumama glave i neurokirurškim komplikacijama, ali je moguća povezanost i s komplikacijama drugih vrsta. U raduje prikazana bolesnica koja je zaprimljena na odjel psihijatrije pod slikom akutnoga opitog stanja. Anamnestički i heteroanamnestički podatci bili su površni i neprecizni, u statusu kod prijama nisu bili izraženi znaci povrede glave ni akutnoga intrakranijalnog zbivanja. Tijekom opservacija uočen je razvoj neuroloških simptoma i poremećaja svijesti, nakon čega je slijedila hitna neuroradiološka obrada i neurokirurška intervencija. Već u radovima "starih" psihijatara (Bleurler) nalazimo upozorenje da iza kliničkih slika uvjetovanih konzumiranjem alkohola znaju ostati prikrivene druge bolesti, uz rizik previda jedne od njih, navodeći pri tome da pojedine skupine simptoma mogu dobiti "alkoholnu boju". Svrha je rada upozoriti na diferencijalno dijagnostičke teškoće pri obradi akutnoga opitog stanja i opasnost prekrivanja nezavisnih patoloških stanja plaštem akutnoga pijanstva.Alcoholism is accompanied by the number of physical, neurological, psychiatric and social complications. Medical journals point to the relation between acute intoxication and head traumas or neurosurgical complications, but the relation between acute intoxication and other kind of complications is also possible. The paper presents a patient who was admitted to the Department of Psychiatry with a diagnosis of acute (alcoholic) intoxication. Anamnestic and heteroanamnestic data were superficial and inaccurate, and no signs of head trauma or acute intracranial processes were evident at the admission. Development of neurological symptoms and consciousness disorder were noticed during the observation, afterwhich an urgent neuroradiological treatment and neurosurgical intervention followed. The warning that other diseases can sometimes be hidden behind clinical manifestations caused by alcohol consumption was already noticed in the works of "the old" psychiatrists (Bleurler), who pointed out the risks of their misdiagnosis, as some groups of symptoms can get "an alcoholic hue". The aim of this paper is to point out differential diagnostics and its difficulties in treatment of acute intoxication, as well as dangers of disguising independent pathological states as acute inebriation

Alkoholna ovisnost u bolesnika s tumorom mozga

Alcoholism is accompanied by many physical, neurological, psychical and social complications. Relevant literature explains the etiologic association between alcoholism and upper gastrointestinal tract carcinoma; however, alcoholism may also be associated with tumors of other localizations. Presentation is made of a patient with alcohol dependence with development of meningioma. The patient was admitted to Department of Psychiatry, Bjelovar General Hospital, for the treatment of alcoholism. The history and hetero-history data showed prolonged intensive alcoholism associated with impaired family and occupational functioning. The immediate reason for presentation was his employer.s demand to undergo treatment due to severe impairment of occupational functioning. On admission, discrepancy between pronounced memorizing and recollection deficits, and relatively preserved somatic status, free from personality deterioration was observed. Mild dysarthria and coordination disturbances along with verified memorizing deficit indicated neuroradiological studies, which confirmed the suspected brain tumor. Although there are no literature reports suggesting an etiologic association of alcoholism and brain meningioma, the concurrence of alcoholism and many other diseases, with the possible overlooking either of them, was already indicated by Bleuler, noting that the comorbid groups of symptoms may assume an .alcoholic tinge.. The aim of the present report is to point to difficulties in the differential diagnosis of alcoholism and to the risk of independent pathologic conditions being masked by alcohol dependence.Alkoholizam je praćen brojnim tjelesnim, neurološkim, psihičkim i socijalnim komplikacijama. Stručna literatura objašnjava etiološku povezanost alkoholizma i karcinoma gornjeg probavnog sustava, ali je moguća povezanost i s tumorima drugih lokalizacija. Prikazuje se bolesnik ovisan o alkoholu kod kojega se je razvio meningeom. Bolesnik je primljen na Odjel za psihijatriju Opće bolnice Bjelovar radi liječenja alkoholizma. Anamneza i heteroanamneza su ukazale na intenzivni višegodišnji alkoholizam sa zakazivanjem u obitelji i na radnom mjestu. Neposredni razlog za upućivanje na liječenje bio je ultimatum poslodavca zbog zakazivanja na radnom mjestu. U statusu je već kod prijma uočen nesklad između izraženog mnestičnog deficita i relativno očuvanog somatskog statusa, bez pogoršanja ličnosti. Blaža dizartrija i smetnje koordinacije uz potvrđene mnestične smetnje ukazivale su na potrebu neurološke obrade, koja je potvrdila sumnju na tumor mozga. Literatura ne ukazuje na etiološku povezanost alkoholizma i meningeoma mozga, ali je još Bleuler pisao o istodobnoj pojavi alkoholizma i mnogih drugih bolesti, uz opasnost previda jedne od njih, navodeći kako komorbidne skupine simptoma mogu dobiti "alkoholnu boju". Cilj rada je ukazati na diferencijalno dijagnostičke teškoće pri obradi alkoholičara i opasnost prekrivanja nezavisnih patoloških stanja plaštem alkoholne ovisnosti

Učestalost i svrha korištenja medija tijekom pandemije COVID-19

Ovaj rad primjenjuje teoriju koristi i zadovoljstva medija na hrvatske publike tijekom pandemije COVID-19. Na taj način istražuje se koliko učestalo i u koju svrhu su u vrijeme pandemije korištene različite vrste medija. Ovo kvantitativno istraživanje temelji se na uzorku od 741 ispitanika, a pri analizi podataka korištene su deskriptivna analiza, hi kvadrat test, analiza korelacije i logistička regresija. Rezultati upućuju na pomak u korištenju od tradicionalnih prema online medijima. Također, pokazalo se da žene i mladi statistički značajno više koriste aplikacije za slanje poruka. Mediji su vrlo često korišteni u svrhu komuniciranja s drugim osobama, opuštanja, zabave i tek onda dobivanja informacija o aktualnostima. Ova analiza daje važne podatke o korištenju medija u krizi te sugerira značajan pomak prema interaktivnim online medijima s naglaskom na aplikacijama za poruke

Tribological wear mechanisms of molds for high pressure die casting

The goal of this article is to analyze and define mold wear in relation to: mold material, casting alloy and casting parameters. These are the main elements for design of the experimental laboratory for die casting equipment. Additionally, preliminary tests have been undertaken to ensure there is no adhesion between the mold material sample and molten aluminum during the simulation. Factors that were tested were: geometrical shape of the sample, sample preheating temperature, surface roughness and lubrication

Dojenje: važnost u rastu, razvoju i zdravlju djece

Majčino mlijeko je najprirodniji način prehrane djeteta. Idealno zadovoljava djetetove potrebe rasta i razvoja. Sadrži antitijela koja štite imunološki nedovoljno razvijen organizam djeteta od virusa i bakterija. Zato prvo mlijeko ili kolostrum nazivamo i prvim cjepivom. Dojena djeca koja su prvih šest mjeseci hranjena isključivo majčinim mlijekom manje obolijevaju od upalnih bolesti probavnog, mokraćnog i dišnog sustava, te upale srednjeg uha. Djeca koja su dojena imaju bolji odgovor organizma na cjepiva protiv tetanusa, hripavca, dječje paralize i na cjepivo koje šiti od meningitisa izazvanog bakterijom Haemophilus influenze. Dojenje smanjuje rizik obolijevanja od alergijskih bolesti, posebno astme i ekcema. Dojena djeca rastu baš onako kako treba i manje su sklona prekomjernoj tjelesnoj težini u odrasloj dobi. Dojenje programira tjelesne sustave koji pomažu regulaciju krvnog tlaka i smanjuje broj srčanih oboljenja u kasnijoj životnoj dobi. Manji je rizik od šećerne bolesti ovisne o inzulinu i od sindroma iznenadne dojenačke smrti. Kod dojene djece razvoj čeljusti i zuba je pravilniji