SILIKONSKI IMPLANTATI ZA DOJKE: PROŠLOST, SADAŠNJOST I BUDUĆNOST

The authors have provided an in-depth review of the history of saline and silicone gel–filled breast implants. In the history of medicine, no devices have been more scrutinized and thoroughly studied than breast implants. Although we as plastic surgeons recognize and appreciate the benefits that our patients derive from these devices, society as a whole continues to remain skeptical. The reasons for this are complex and multifactorial but appear to be fueled by the media, oppositional organizations, and several trial lawyers. Prior to 1990, when the silicone gel implant controversy began, there were only eight indexed publications that dealt with the issue of silicone gel breast implants. Since 1990, there have been more than 500 indexed publications dealing with silicone gel implants. At the time of the moratorium in 1992, we as plastic surgeons did not have a leg to stand on because there was a paucity of scientific evidence to support our observations that silicone breast implants were safe and effective devices.Autori daju širok pregled povijesti silikonskih implantata za dojke punjenih fiziološkom otopinom i silikonskim gelom. U povijesti medicine niti jedna vrsta implantata nije bila toliko pomno i temeljito proučavana kao implantati za dojke. Iako plastični kirurzi prepoznaju i cijene koristi koje pacijentice imaju od ovih vrsta implantata, društvo u cijelosti ne prestaje biti skeptično. Razlozi za to su kompleksni i multifaktorijalni, ali čini se da su uveličavani od medija, nekih organizacija, pa čak i lobija odvjetnika. Do 1990., kada su započele polemike oko silikonskih implantata za dojke, tek se osam članaka u indeksiranim časopisima bavilo tom temom, a 1990. do danas objavljeno ih je više od 500. U vrijeme moratorija 1992. plastič- ni kirurzi nisu imali čvrstog uporišta zbog nedostatka znanstvenih dokaza koji bi podržavali stajalište da su silikonski implantati za dojke sigurni i djelotvorni

COMPARISON OF KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS MEDICAL GENETICS IN STUDENTS OF MEDICAL FACULTY IN RIJEKA BEFORE AND AFTER EDUCATION IN THE SAME MANDATORY COURSE

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati znanja i stavove o medicinskoj genetici u studenata Medicinskog fakulteta u Rijeci, kao i utjecaj edukacije iz istoimenog obaveznog kolegija na njihovu promjenu. Materijali i metode: Istraživanje je provedeno na 191 studenata pete i šeste godine Integriranog preddiplomskog i diplomskog Sveučilišnog studija Medicina u akademskoj godini 2019/2020 na Medicinskom fakultetu u Rijeci. Studenti su anonimno i dobrovoljno ispunjavali validirani „online“ upitnik koji se sastojao od 60 pitanja podijeljenih u četiri skupine (demografija, znanja, stavovi, osobna uvjerenja). Studenti pete godine dva su puta ispunjavali upitnik (na početku i završetku kolegija) dok su studenti šeste godine upitnik ispunjavali samo jednom, tri mjeseca nakon završenog kolegija. Edukacija je pomno osmišljena za studente medicine i temeljena je na dokumentu o stjecanju osnovnih kompetencija iz medicinske genetike kojeg propisuje Europsko udruženje za humanu genetiku. Rezultati: Stupanj odaziva bio je 84,7 % za ispitanike pete, a 85,8 % za ispitanike šeste godine. Korištenjem Kruskal-Wallis testa pronađena je statistički značajna razlika prije i poslije obrazovanja između pete godine prije i nakon edukacije, te između pete godine prije edukacije i šeste godine za: (a) ukupno znanje (P <0,001), (b) ukupni stav (P <0,001) i (c) osobnu procjenu znanja iz medicinske genetike (P <0,001). Zaključak: Obrazovanje iz medicinske genetike značajno mijenja razinu znanja i stavova prema medicinskoj genetici kod studenata medicine. Štoviše, pozitivni stavovi povezani su s višim razinama znanja. Slijedom toga, naši rezultati naglašavaju potrebu za edukacijom iz medicinske genetike precizno osmišljenim za buduće i mlade liječnike kako bi se pacijentima s (mogućim) genetskim poremećajima pružila bolja zdravstvena zaštita.Aim: The aim of this research was to examine the knowledge and attitudes towards medical genetics in students of the Medical Faculty in Rijeka, as well as the impact of education from the compulsory course of the same name on their change. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 191 fifth and sixth year students of the Integrated Undergraduate and Graduate University Study of Medicine in the academic year 2019/2020 at the Faculty of Medicine in Rijeka. Students completed anonymously and voluntarily a validated "online" questionnaire consisting of 60 questions divided into four groups (demography, knowledge, attitudes, personal beliefs). Fifth-year students completed the questionnaire twice (at the beginning and end of the course) while sixth-year students completed the questionnaire only once, three months after completing the course. The education is carefully designed for medical students and is based on a document on the acquisition of basic competencies in medical genetics prescribed by the European Association for Human Genetics. Results: The response rate was 84.7% for fifth-year respondents and 85.8% for sixth-year respondents. Using the Kruskal-Wallis test, a statistically significant difference was found between fifth year before and after education and between the fifth year before education and sixth year for: (a) total knowledge (P <0.001), (b) overall attitude (P <0.001) and (c) personal assessment of knowledge in medical genetics (P <0.001). Conclusion: Education in medical genetics significantly alters the level of knowledge and attitudes towards medical genetics in medical students. Moreover, positive attitudes are associated with higher levels of knowledge. Consequently, our results emphasise the need for education in medical genetics for future and young physicians in order to provide better health care for patients with (possible) genetic disorder

The impact of needs-based education on the change of knowledge and attitudes towards medical genetics in medical students

In this research we aimed to (1) develop and validate a new questionnaire examining attitudes and knowledge towards medical genetics, (2) examine the knowledge and attitudes towards medical genetics in students of the Medical Faculty in Rijeka, Croatia and (3) evaluate the impact of education from the mandatory course Medical Genetics on the change of knowledge and attitudes. The study was conducted on 191 fifth- and sixth-year students of the Integrated Undergraduate and Graduate University Study of Medicine in the academic year 2019/2020. Students completed the validated online questionnaire anonymously and voluntarily. Fifth-year students completed the questionnaire twice (beginning/end of the course), while sixth-year students completed the questionnaire once, 3 months after completing the course. The education was carefully designed for medical students according to the CoreCompetences in Genetics for Health Professionals in Europe issued by the European Society of Human Genetics. Using the Kruskal-Wallis test, a statistically significant difference was found between fifth year before and after education and between the fifth year before education and sixth year for (a) total knowledge (P < 0.001), (b) total attitudes (P < 0.001) and (c) personal assessment of knowledge in medical genetics (P < 0.001). Moreover, positive attitudes were associated with higher levels of knowledge. In conclusion, our results emphasise the importance of needs-based education in medical genetics for medical students, which is indispensable for the increase in the level of knowledge and development of positive attitudes in order to provide better health care for patients with genetic disorders

The impact of needs-based education on the change of knowledge and attitudes towards medical genetics in medical students

In this research we aimed to (1) develop and validate a new questionnaire examining attitudes and knowledge towards medical genetics, (2) examine the knowledge and attitudes towards medical genetics in students of the Medical Faculty in Rijeka, Croatia and (3) evaluate the impact of education from the mandatory course Medical Genetics on the change of knowledge and attitudes. The study was conducted on 191 fifth- and sixth-year students of the Integrated Undergraduate and Graduate University Study of Medicine in the academic year 2019/2020. Students completed the validated online questionnaire anonymously and voluntarily. Fifth-year students completed the questionnaire twice (beginning/end of the course), while sixth-year students completed the questionnaire once, 3 months after completing the course. The education was carefully designed for medical students according to the CoreCompetences in Genetics for Health Professionals in Europe issued by the European Society of Human Genetics. Using the Kruskal-Wallis test, a statistically significant difference was found between fifth year before and after education and between the fifth year before education and sixth year for (a) total knowledge (P < 0.001), (b) total attitudes (P < 0.001) and (c) personal assessment of knowledge in medical genetics (P < 0.001). Moreover, positive attitudes were associated with higher levels of knowledge. In conclusion, our results emphasise the importance of needs-based education in medical genetics for medical students, which is indispensable for the increase in the level of knowledge and development of positive attitudes in order to provide better health care for patients with genetic disorders

The incidence and characteristics of male breast cancer

BACKGROUND: Male breast cancer is a rare disease, accounting for 0, 1% of all cancers in men and for 0.6% to 1% of all breast cancers. The aim of this paper is to present histopathological and clinical features of male breast cancer at the Clinic for Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Croatia, over the 14-year period. METHODS: Between 2003 and 2017 twenty-seven men underwent surgery for breast cancer at our facility. Information retreived from the patients’ records included the stage of the disease, histologic type, histologic grade, hormone receptor status of the primary tumour, and the axillary lymph node status. RESULTS: The majority of patients presented with advanced stages of the disease (stages III and IV). Grade 2 was the most frequent histologic grade. Invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type was the most common histologic type. Hormone receptor status was positive in most of the cases. Approximately half of the patients had positive axillary lymh nodes. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to successful treatment of male breast cancer. Due to positive hormone receptors in most of the patients with advanced stages of male breast cancer, hormonal therapy played a critical role. Further research on larger samples will be necessary for developing new methods for diagnosing and treating breast cancer in men

Slagalica nasljeđa : priručnik za opismenjavanje iz medicinske genetike

"Slagalica nasljeđa" - priručnik za opismenjavanje iz medicinske genetike ima tri namjene. Prije svega, on je edukativna slikovnica za studente, liječnike i pacijente, ali i druge zainteresirane pojedince jer su u njoj kroz ilustracije objašnjene osnove genetike čovjeka, kao i osnove medicinske genetike. Od toga kako prepoznati osobu s genetičkim poremećajem, kako nastaju i koje vrste genetičkih poremećaja postoje pa sve do toga na koji ih način možemo dijagnosticirati. Nadalje, nakon svake ilustracije na pojedinoj stranici nalaze se definicije 79 pojmova iz medicinske genetike koje čine tezaurus za studente, liječnike i pacijente koji se na bilo koji način susreću s genetičkim poremećajima. Naposljetku, ova knjiga sadrži i primjere rečenica u koje su ubačeni stručni pojmovi iz medicinske genetike, a koji su namijenjeni studentima prilikom savladavanja komunikacijskih vještina na kolegiju Medicinska genetika, ali i liječnicima prilikom informiranja svojih pacijenata o (mogućem) genetičkom poremećaju. Uz kreatoricu ideje i urednicu izdanja, doc. dr. sc. Ninu Perezu, autori izdanja su studenti šeste godine Integriranog preddiplomskog i diplomskog sveučilišnog studija Medicina i prof. dr. sc. Saša Ostojić

Slagalica nasljeđa : priručnik za opismenjavanje iz medicinske genetike

"Slagalica nasljeđa" - priručnik za opismenjavanje iz medicinske genetike ima tri namjene. Prije svega, on je edukativna slikovnica za studente, liječnike i pacijente, ali i druge zainteresirane pojedince jer su u njoj kroz ilustracije objašnjene osnove genetike čovjeka, kao i osnove medicinske genetike. Od toga kako prepoznati osobu s genetičkim poremećajem, kako nastaju i koje vrste genetičkih poremećaja postoje pa sve do toga na koji ih način možemo dijagnosticirati. Nadalje, nakon svake ilustracije na pojedinoj stranici nalaze se definicije 79 pojmova iz medicinske genetike koje čine tezaurus za studente, liječnike i pacijente koji se na bilo koji način susreću s genetičkim poremećajima. Naposljetku, ova knjiga sadrži i primjere rečenica u koje su ubačeni stručni pojmovi iz medicinske genetike, a koji su namijenjeni studentima prilikom savladavanja komunikacijskih vještina na kolegiju Medicinska genetika, ali i liječnicima prilikom informiranja svojih pacijenata o (mogućem) genetičkom poremećaju. Uz kreatoricu ideje i urednicu izdanja, doc. dr. sc. Ninu Perezu, autori izdanja su studenti šeste godine Integriranog preddiplomskog i diplomskog sveučilišnog studija Medicina i prof. dr. sc. Saša Ostojić