Effects of surface preparation with sodium hypochlorite on shear bond strength and residual adhesive of orthodontic brackets on primary and permanent teeth

Objective: To investigate the effects of surface preparation with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on bracket shear bond strength and amount of residual adhesive on primary and permanent teeth. Materials and Methods: 24 permanent premolars, 12 in each group (groups I and III), and 24 primary molars, 12 in each group (groups II and IV) were included. In group I and II, 37% phosphoric acid was applied to the tooth surfaces, without using any other agent. In Group III and IV, 5.25% NaOCl was first applied. Following washing and drying, surface roughening was performed with phosphoric acid. The shear bond strengths (SBS) of the brackets bonded to the tooth surfaces was measured. After debonding, the base of each bracket was examined for adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in SBS values between primary and permanent teeth with and without preparation with NaOCl(P>0.05). Mean SBS(18.55±14.98 MPa) was higher in permanent premolars subjected to surface deproteinization with NaOCl (group III) when compared with other groups, but the difference was not significant. There was no significant difference in ARI scores between the groups. Conclusions: The bond strength of orthodontic brackets or the distribution of ARI scores were similar between groups with and without NaOCl pretreatment. Hence, it can be concluded that conventional bonding procedures applied without any additional preparation to primary teeth are sufficient and the debonding of brackets didn’t cause any harm to enamel surfaces

Effect of parental dental anxiety and prediction on child's dental anxiety

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, ebeveynlerin çocuklarının dental kaygısını öngörebilme yeteneğinin araştırılması ve ebeveynler ile çocuklarının endişe düzeylerinin birbirleriyle nasıl ilişkili olduğunun değerlendirilmesidir. Yöntemler: Çalışma, İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Pedodonti Anabilim Dalı’na başvuran, toplam 75 çocuk ve ebeveynleri ile gerçekleştirildi. Yaşları 4-10 arasında değişen, dental tecrübesi olmayan ve üst çene süt azı dişlerinde lokal anestezi ile restoratif tedavi ihtiyacı olan çocuk hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. Çocuğun dental kaygı düzeyi tedavi öncesinde Modifiye Çocuk Dental Anksiyete Ölçeği’nin resimli versiyonu kullanılarak, tedavi sırasında ise Venham Genel Davranış Skalası ile değerlendirildi. Ebeveynlerin dental kaygı düzeyleri Modifiye Dental Anksiyete Ölçeği, çocuklarının dental kaygısına yönelik öngörüleri ise Corah Modifiye Dental Anksiyete Ölçeği kullanılarak skorlandı. Elde edilen skorların karşılaştırılmasında Kruskal Wallis ve Ki-Kare testleri, bu skorlar arasındaki ilişkilerin belirlenmesinde ise Spearman’s korelasyon analizi kullanıldı. Bulgular: 4-6 yaş ve 8-10 yaş gruplarındaki çocukların resimli-Modifiye Çocuk Dental Anksiyete Ölçeği skorları ile ebeveynlerin Corah Modifiye Dental Anksiyete Ölçeği skorları arasındaki ilişki, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu (sırasıyla, P = ,004 ve P = ,034). Ancak, resimli-Modifiye Çocuk Dental Anksiyete Ölçeği ve Venham Genel Davranış Skalası ölçeklerinden elde edilen skorlar arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmadı (P > ,05). Resimli-Modifiye Çocuk Dental Anksiyete Ölçeği ile Modifiye Dental Anksiyete Ölçeği’nin skorları arasında da istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmadı (P > ,05). Sonuç: Bu çalışma ile belirli yaş grubundaki çocukların dental kaygılarının aileleri tarafından doğru bir şekilde öngörülebileceği görülmüştür. Ek olarak, ebeveynlerdeki dental kaygının çocuklar üzerinde etkili olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the parental prediction on their children's dental anxiety and determine the relationship between the parents and their children’s dental anxiety. Methods: This study was conducted among 75 children aged 4-10 and their parents, visiting the Istanbul Medipol University, Department of Pedodontics. The patients with the indication of the restorative treatment in their maxillary primary molars and who had no dental experience were selected. The child's level of dental anxiety was scored using the faces-version of Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale before treatment and with the Venham General Behavior Scale during treatment. Parents’ dental anxiety level was evaluated using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale, and the parental prediction was determined with the Corah Modified Dental Anxiety Scale. Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-Square tests were used to compare the obtained scores. Spearman’s correlation test was used for the correlation between variables. Results: Significant correlation was found between the faces-version of Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale and parental Corah Modified Dental Anxiety Scale scores in the aged 4-6 and aged 8-10 groups (P = .004, P = 0.034; respectively), while no significant correlation was found between the faces-version of Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale and Venham General Behavior Scale scores (P > .05). There was no significant correlation between the faces-version of Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale and Modified Dental Anxiety Scale scores (P > .05). Conclusion: The dental anxiety of children in a certain age group can be accurately predicted by their parents. The children’s dental anxiety was not influenced by parental dental anxiety

Assessment of the marginal microleakage of flowable composites in class V cavities prepared by Er:YAG laser and high-speed bur

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Er:YAG lazer ya da yüksek hızlı döner aletler ile kavite hazırlığı yapılan ve üç farklı akışkan kompozit materyali kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen sınıf V restorasyonlarda kenar mikrosızıntılarının incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu in-vitro çalışmada, toplam 33 adet üçüncü büyük azı dişlerinin bukkal ve lingual yüzeylerinde Er:YAG lazer ya da frez kullanılarak sınıf V kaviteler hazırlanan örnekler altı gruba (n=11) ayrıldı ve üretici firmanın talimatlarına uygun olarak üç farklı akışkan kompozit ile restore edildi. Grup 1: Lazer ile hazırlık (lh)+Estelite Flow Quick High flow (EF); Grup 2: lh+G-aenial Flo (GF); Grup 3: lp+Herculite XRV Ultra Akış (HF); Grup 4: Frez ile hazırlık (fh)+EF; Grup 5: fh+GF; Grup 6: fh+HF. Isısal çevrim uygulanmasının ardından örnekler %0,5 metilen mavisi solüsyonunda 24 saat süresince bekletildi. Boya penetrasyonu sonucu oluşan mikrosızıntı, stereomikroskop altında x40 büyütme ile incelendi. Verilerin analizinde Kruskal Wallis ve Mann-Whitney U testleri kullanıldı (p0.05). In terms of gingival and occlusal surfaces, no statistically significant difference in microleakage was observed among all groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Class V cavity preparations with high-speed bur and Er:YAG laser, and the use of different flowable composites did not influence the microleakage at the gingival or occlusal margins

Assessment of the knowledge and attitudes about the management of dental trauma among ear, nose and throat physicians

Purpose Ear, nose and throat physicians (ENTp) encounter dental trauma (DT) when patients refer to the emergency department, as well as during operations such as tonsillectomy and suspension laryngoscopy. This study aimed to investigate the attitudes and knowledge of ENTp about managing DT, and motivation for further education. Methods This study was a cross-sectional observational survey on a sample of ENTp from 15 different private/public hospitals. A questionnaire of 22 questions was divided into three parts: the level of professional experience and the frequency of encountering DT; specific questions on the management of DT; self-assessment of educational approach and level of knowledge regarding DT. Results A total of 128 surveys were accomplished and included in the evaluation. A larger percentage (96.9%) of the participants have experienced at least one case in the practice, and one-third (31.3%) have encountered more than ten DT cases. Although the duration of experience significantly affected the total number of correct responses to knowledge and attitudes regarding DT questions (p:0.028), more than half of the participants (44.38%) responded incorrectly to the questions. The majority of participants (97.7%) stated that they had no education on DT, and 90.6% were willing to receive DT training. Conclusions The results of this study emphasize the deficiency of ENTp' knowledge level about the management of DT. In addition, results demonstrated the enthusiasm of ENTp for further training, which can contribute to the requirement of education for providing appropriate management of DT cases

Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric dental attendance

Objectives: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on dental attendance and emergency/non-emergency visits of children during the outbreak, compared to the same period of 2019. Materials and methods: Patients who visited the paediatric department clinic during the observed period were included in this study. The patient’s demographic data, purpose of visit, and treatment type were evaluated retrospectively from patient examination records. The Pearson chi-square and t-tests were used for comprehensive statistical analysis. Results: A total of 1454 patient files (1184/270 cases from non-pandemic/pandemic period) were assessed. A significant reduction was found in aggregated emergency/non-emergency visits during the pandemic period (p < 0.01). During the pandemic, average daily visits for emergency dental care were observed to have a decrease to half of the non-pandemic period. Non-emergency routine dental visits have also exhibited a drastic decline. Severe dental pain due to pulpal inflammation and abscess/swelling were the most frequently reported urgent dental complaints that patients applied to the paediatric dental clinic during the pandemic period. Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic has a significant influence on patients’ attendance to paediatric dental clinic. Therefore, concerning a potential post-pandemic increase in treatment demand, meticulous future planning and proper regulation of dental care should be provided for better oral health and children’s quality of life. Clinical relevance: This study’s importance is the observation of dramatically reduced number of patient visits during the pandemic period which may yield increased number of oral health-related complications in the long run

Effect of three different remineralizing agents on artificial erosive lesions of primary teeth

Background This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three remineralizing agents on dental erosion in primary teeth. Methods Forty primary molars were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 each): self-assembling peptide (P11-4), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CPP-ACFP), sodium fluoride (NaF) and artificial saliva (AS; control). The erosion-like formation was created by immersing the samples in citric acid (4 x 2 min, pH 2.3) and AS (4 x 2 h, pH 7). The eroded samples were then treated with remineralizing agents and subjected to further erosion consisting of 15 cycles (3x/8-h interval) of immersion in citric acid and AS for 6 s each. Alterations in the mineral content and morphology of the samples were quantified using a microhardness tester and atomic force microscope. Results All agents had a significant remineralization effect on eroded primary tooth enamel. After further erosive challenge, enamel loss in the CPP-ACFP group was found to be significantly lower than in all other groups, and no significant difference was found between the P11-4 and NaF groups. Conclusions This study showed that all tested materials had remineralization ability, and CPP-ACFP had a superior effect in inhibiting enamel loss due to dental erosion in primary teeth

Longevity of posterior composite restorations in children suffering from early childhood caries-results from a retrospective study

Objectives This retrospective study aimed to evaluate health status as a new patient risk factor and analyze its influence on the survival of posterior composite restorations in patients with early childhood caries (ECC). Materials and methods Patients who received dental treatment of ECC under general anesthesia (GA) and attended at least one follow-up visit were included in this study. A total of 907 patient records were evaluated retrospectively through patient examination forms and panoramic radiographs. Kaplan-Meier survival probability analysis with log-rank test was used to assess the posterior composite restorations' longevity up to 24 months. Furthermore, risk factors were determined using Cox regression multivariate analysis. Results A total of 5063 posterior composite restorations were assessed. Following the Cox regression analysis to determine the effect of risk factors on longevity of composite restorations, findings revealed that the survival probability of composite fillings was significantly lower in patients with systemic disease (p= 0.00). Filling materials were compared based on the survival probabilities and results were further discussed. There was no significant relationship between age, gender, and the survival of the restoration; however, the child's health status (p= 0.00) and caries risk status (p= 0.05) significantly affected survival. Moreover, the type of arch and pulp intervention influenced the restoration's survival. Conclusion Systemic disease has a detrimental influence over longevity of composite restorations. Therefore, considering the reduced survival rates of the composite restorations for children who have systemic disease, alternative non-invasive treatment options should be considered