Comparison of dmft and Behavior Rating Scores Between Children with Systemic Disease and Healthy Children at the First Dental Visit

Purpose: To evaluate and compare oral health and behavior scores at the first dental visit and dental treatment need using general anesthesia/sedation (GA/S) of children with systemic diseases (SD) and healthy children. Methods: Data were obtained from healthy children (n = 87) and children with SD (n = 79), aged 4 to 6 years, presenting to a hospital dental clinic for a first dental examination. The total number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft), dental behavior score using Frankl Scale, and dental treatment need using GA/S were recorded. Chi-square / Fisher’s exact test and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for statistical analyses. Results: The patients with SD were diagnosed with cardiac disease (61%), renal disease (9%), and pediatric cancers (30%). The median dmft values of the SD group (3.00) were significantly lower than those of healthy children (5.00) (p = 0.02) and healthy children exhibited significantly more positive behavior (90.8%) than children with SD (73.4%) (p = 0.002). The number of patients needing GA/S for dental treatment did not differ significantly between the two groups (p = 0.185). There was no relationship between dental treatment need with GA/S and dental behavior scores of the patients (p = 0.05). A statistically significant relationship was found between the patients’ dmft scores and the need for dental treatment using GA/S; and the cut-off value was found to be dmft \u3e 4 for the overall comparisons. Conclusion: The presence of chronic disease in children appeared to affect the cooperation negatively at the first dental visit compared to healthy controls, however, it did not affect the oral health negatively. Having a negative behavior score or SD did not necessitate the use of GA/S for dental treatment

A 3-Year Retrospective Study of Traumatic Dental Injuries to the Primary Dentition

Background/Aims Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in the primary dentition are a significant public health problem, which has been neglected worldwide. Despite its high prevalence, limited studies address this injury. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics and treatment modalities of TDIs affecting primary teeth, along with accompanying medical co-morbidities and attendance at follow-up appointments. Material and Methods This retrospective analysis included all TDIs affecting primary teeth from January 2014 to January 2017. Data abstraction included demographics, time lapse prior to arrival at hospital, trauma etiology, classification of TDIs, soft tissue and supporting bone injuries, medical co-morbidities, emergency treatment, follow-up appointments and prognosis. Results Records of 283 children with 536 traumatized primary teeth were reviewed. The median age was 2 years and the maxillary right central incisor (35.1%) was the most frequently injured tooth. Almost half the patients, 46.3%, sought treatment after 24 h. Periodontal tissue injuries (97.2%) predominated TDIs for which fall accidents (82.0%) were the most encountered cause. Most patients (177/283) had accompanying soft tissue/supporting bone injuries and 67.2% had multiple traumatized teeth. Seventy percent of the patients were examined only or were prescribed medication. Survival time following TDIs was unknown in 67.7% of traumatized teeth due to non-attendance at follow-up appointments. Most patients (55.1%) did not attend the follow-up appointments. Conclusions TDIs occurred in the primary dentition with the predominance of periodontal tissue injuries. When TDI was the presenting problem to hospital, accompanying systemic injury was rare. Treatment modalities were mostly limited to examination or extraction. The follow-up appointments were poorly attended

Endothelial cell signature in muscle stem cells validated by VEGFA-FLT1-AKT1 axis promoting survival of muscle stem cell

Endothelial and skeletal muscle lineages arise from common embryonic progenitors. Despite their shared developmental origin, adult endothelial cells (ECs) and muscle stem cells (MuSCs; satellite cells) have been thought to possess distinct gene signatures and signaling pathways. Here, we shift this paradigm by uncovering how adult MuSC behavior is affected by the expression of a subset of EC transcripts. We used several computational analyses including single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) to show that MuSCs express low levels of canonical EC markers in mice. We demonstrate that MuSC survival is regulated by one such prototypic endothelial signaling pathway (VEGFA-FLT1). Using pharmacological and genetic gain- and loss-of-function studies, we identify the FLT1-AKT1 axis as the key effector underlying VEGFA-mediated regulation of MuSC survival. All together, our data support that the VEGFA-FLT1-AKT1 pathway promotes MuSC survival during muscle regeneration, and highlights how the minor expression of select transcripts is sufficient for affecting cell behavior

Experimental investigation of heat transfer and pressure drop in a mini-channel shell and tube heat exchanger

This study experimentally investigated heat transfer and pressure drop on tube side of a mini-channel shell and tube heat exchanger (MC-STHE) prototype designed and manufactured using Kern method. Mini-channel copper tubes with an inner diameter of 2mm and a length of 240mm were used on the tube side of the MC-STHE. Baffles with a 25% baffle cut and a shell with an inner diameter of 30mm were used on the shell side. The Reynolds number on the tube side was changed from 1000 to 10,000 while that on the shell side was kept constant at 680. The experimental convective heat transfer coefficients and friction factors for the tube side were compared with correlations for macro-pipes commonly used in the literature. The experimental convective heat transfer coefficients were in good agreement with the Shah and Sieder-Tate correlations in the laminar region and in good agreement with the Petukhov, Hausen and Gnielinski correlations in the transition region while the experimental friction factors showed a similar tendency to the correlation modified by Shah. In addition, the Nusselt number and friction factor correlations have been proposed for use in designing similar MC-STHEs. The optimal operating range of Reynolds number for MC-STHEs is 4000<Re <5000 based on the Colburn factor while it is 4000<Re <6000 based on the flow area goodness factor