The importance of the lingula shape and antilingula placement in the dry human mandible [İnsan mandibula'sinda lingula mandibulae şeklinin ve antilingula lokalizasyonunun klinik önemi]

This study was carried on 124 dry human mandibles. The number of two sides(right and left) was 248. The aim of this study was to determine the shape of the lingula and the relationship between mandibular foramen and antilingula. Both of the lingula shape and the antilingula placement affect the surgical approaches to the canal contents. The lingulae of the mandibles were classified into 4 types in this study: triangular, truncated, nodular and assimilated. Triangular lingula was seen in 39 mandibles bilaterally (78 sides) and in 16 unilaterally. Truncated lingula was present bilaterally in 29 mandibles and unilaterally in 17 mandibles. Nodular lingula was found in 23 mandibles bilaterally and in 11 mandibles unilaterally. The size of the nodul was variable size in two mandibles: one side was small and the other side was big. Assimilated lingula was determined bilaterally in 8 mandible and unilaterally in 6 mandible. The antilingula was present in 40 mandibulae bilaterally and in 8 mandibulae unilaterally. Total number of antilingulae was 88 for 248 sides (35.48%). The lingula of the mandible overlaps the mandibular foramen on the medial aspect of ramus. The foramen and the lingula, because of their relation to the alveolar nerve are the clinical significance for the orodental surgeon. The lingula is used for identifying the site for injection of local anaesthetics or for excision of the nerve for facial neuralgia. While performing mandibular osteotomy it is imperative that these vital structures are not injured

A previously unreported variation related to the insertion of the tibialis anterior muscle and the superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve

PubMed ID: 16158981During dissection classes in 2003 in the Department of Anatomy at Ege University Faculty of Medicine, an unexpected variation of the insertion of the tibialis anterior tendon was determined on the right side of a formalin-fixed cadaver of a 40-year-old man without any trace of scars, adhesions or signs of trauma or operation. The insertion of the tibialis anterior tendon was very abnormal, not on the medial side of the foot but on the lateral side. The tibialis anterior is an important muscle because of its function and use in tendon transfer as a treatment of recurrent congenital clubfoot and paralytic equinovarus foot deformities in cerebral palsy and arthroscopy, as discussed herein

The anatomic features of the hypoglossal canal in human skulls [İnsan kafatasinda canali·s nervi· hypoglossi·'ni·n anatomi·k özelli·kleri·]

Because of low incidence of lesions of the hypoglossal nerve that exit the skull base via hypoglossal canal, little has been found in the literature about the anatomic features of the hypoglossal canal. The aim of present study was to demonstrate the anatomic features of the hypoglossal canal. The methodology in present study was based on the classification of Hauser and De Stefano (1985). Ninetyseven dry skulls, 16 skull bases and 118 occipital bones were used in this study. The total number of specimens was 462 (right and left sides). The average width of the hypoglossal canal was 4,6±0.9 mm and the average length of the canal was 7.6±1.5 mm. The variations of the canals was identified as five types with subgroups. The most common type was type 1 (66.2 %). No trace of division was present in this type (classic type). One of the types (type 4b) observed in this study was not described previously in the literature. There was a partial division with osseous spines and a complete osseous bridge inside the hypoglossal canal in type 4b. The failure to identify a bipartiate or a tripartiate hypoglossal canal as observed in present study in preoperatively can lead to damage to hypoglossal nerve during the surgery. We believe that knowledge about the features of the hypoglossal canal and use of preoperative imaging methods for it can be helpful in choosing the correct approach for surgery

Human left atrial appendage anatomy and overview of its clinical significance [İnsanda sol aurikula açi{dotless}kli{dotless}gi{dotless}ni{dotless}n anatomisi ve klinik önemine genel bir baki{dotless}ş]

PubMed ID: 23886901Objective: The left atrial appendage (LAA) is an important anatomic region since it is a source of thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. Although this anatomic and clinical relation it has received little attention until recent years. Methods: This descriptive laboratory study was performed in 56 hearts of adult formalin fixed cadavers. The morphological characteristics of LAA were recorded. The distances between the orifices of left superior pulmonary veins (LSPV), circumflex artery, left anterior descending (LAD) artery, mitral valve and LAA were also measured in this study. Results: The morphological appearance of the LAA was classified into two different ways. There were two types according to the first classification: slender like a crooked finger (in 73.2%) and stump-like (in 26.8%). The lobe number of LAA was two in 64.3% specimens and three in 35.7%. The types of LAA were Cactus (24%), Chicken Wing (12%), Windsock (38%) and Cauliflower (26%) according to the second classification. The LAA orifice was oval-shaped in 37.5% and round-shaped in 62.5%. The bridge on the orifice was determined in one specimen. The longest diameter of LAA orifice was 16.5±4 mm. The presence of accessory left atrial appendage was observed in one specimen. The distance between LAA orifice and oval fossa was 27.5±5.5 mm. Conclusion: We highlighted the anatomic features of LAA and LAA orifice. LAA diameters, shape and the relation between neighboring structures in relation to atrial fibrillation and surgical approaches were discussed. © 2013 by AVES Yayi{dotless}nci{dotless}li{dotless}k Ltd

Anatomic feature of fossa navicularis at the skull base and its clinical importance [Kafa iskeletinde fossa navicularis'in anatomik özellikleri ve klinik önemi]

The basilar (basiooccipital) part of the occipital bone is the quadrilateral part of this bone in front of the foramen magnum. The inferior surface of the basilar part has a small pharyngeal tubercle for attachment of the fibrous pharyngeal raphe about 1 cm anterior to foramen magnum. The fossa navicularis is a rare anatomic variation of the skull base and it is located anterior to the pharyngeal tubercle. The purpose of present study was to determine the incidence and morphometric features of the fossa navicularis. The study was carried out on 95 specimens. The fossa navicularis was investigated in 6.3 % of the specimens. The depth of fossa navicularis was 1.58±0.84 mm. The transverse diameter was 4.66±1.43 mm. The sagittal diameter was 6.50±1.73 mm. The distances between fossa navicularis and other anatomic landmarks such as most anterior point of pharyngeal tubercle (4.36±2.14 mm) and vomer (6.53±3.77 mm) were also measured to define the position of the fossa. An awareness of the existence of this variation will be especially helpful during surgical approaches to the skull base. It will also keep the clinicians misinvestigations during the observations of radiological images

Bir kadavrada musculus sternalis ve klinik yaklaşımlardaki önemine bakış

The sternalis muscle is a well-known variation of the anterior chest wall since 1867. The incidence of the sternalis muscle differs among the population. Chinese people has the highest incidence with 17.1%. The sternalis muscle was observed unilaterally in a formalin fixed adult male cadaver on the right side during routine dissection. The muscle originated at the level of the third sternocostal articulatio as two heads. It was ended fusing with pectoralis major muscle at the level of sixth costal cartilage 35.2 mm distance from midclavicular line. Although no function of sternalis muscle has been reported by now, this rare anatomic variation has great importance for radiologists and cheast surgeons in diagnosis and therapy. Because of this reason, in this paper we discuss our case and the previous reported cases.M. sternalis, 1867’den beri iyi bilinen göğüs ön duvarına ait bir varyasyondur. Bu kasın insidansı populasyonlar arasında farklılık gösterir. En yüksek insidans %17.1 ile Çinlilere aittir. M. sternalis rutin diseksiyon sırasında formalin ile fikse edilmis bir erkek kadavrada sağda unilateral olarak saptandı. Kas, üçüncü articulatio sternocostalis seviyesinde iki bas halinde baslamakta idi. M. pectoralis major ile kaynasmıs halde altıncı cartilago costalis hizasında, linea medioclavicularis’ten 35.2 mm uzaklıkta sonlandı. M. sternalis’in simdiye kadar önemli bir fonksiyonu bildirilmis olmamasına karsın, radyologlar ve göğüs cerrahları için tanı ve tedavide büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Bu nedenle, makalemizde olgumuzu ve daha önce bildirilmis olguları tartısıyoruz