Palladium catalyzed reactions of 2-EN-4-YNE carbonates with organoboronic acids

Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute of Technology, Chemistry, İzmir, 2011Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 60-64)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxii, 248 leavesRecently, transition metal catalyzed carbon-carbon bond formation reactions gain numerous importance in organic chemistry. Especially, palladium catalyzed carbon-carbon bond formation reactions provide lots of advantages in organic synthesis. For instance, palladium catalyst is extensively used in many allene formation reactions of various substrates such as propargyl and enyne compounds. This thesis describes the preparation of E-configured aryl or alkenyl functionalized vinylallene structures via the reaction of a 2-en-4-yne carbonates with organoboronic acids in the presence of Pd (0) precursor. This method, which proceeds through formation of s-vinylallenylpalladium intermediate, is applicable for both (E)- and (Z)- configured enyne carbonates and appeared to have wider scope for both organoboronic acids and enyne substrates. The reaction of the carbonate of an enantiomerically enriched enynol reagent with phenylboronic acid under the optimal conditions was proceeded and center-to-axis chirality transfer selectivity was investigated. Complete racemization was observed

The Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior of Mothers with Children Aged 0-6 Years on Home Accidents and Preventive Measures

Objective: Accidents have become an increasingly important cause of child deaths in both developed and developing countries. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of mothers of children in the the 0-6 age group on ways of protecting them accidents at home. Material and Methods: A prospective, single-center, descriptive-analytical study was conducted between February 2016 and March 2016. The study included 217 people at Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital Family Medicine Polyclinic. Results: The average age of mothers in our study was 33.32 +/- 5.64 years. Mothers with higher levels of education and with high incomes were found to have more knowledge about home accidents (p= 35 years with a high educational level who had one child scored more points on the Scale of Recognizing Security Measures (p=0.005, p=0.009, p=0.017). Conclusion: Social awareness and business cooperation should be raised in the prevention of home accidents. Parents' knowledge of precautions against accidents - especially mothers who spend most of their time with children - and the education they give their children is key for protection against accidents

A rhodamine/BODIPY-based fluorescent probe for the differential detection of Hg(ii) and Au(iii)

We described the design and synthesis of a molecular sensor based on a rhodamine/BODIPY platform that displayed differential fluorescence responses towards Hg2+ and Au3+ and demonstrated its utility in intracellular ion imaging.Izmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH); TUBITA

BODIPY-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles as a fluorescent probe

Recently, development of fluorescent nanoparticle-based probes for various bioimaging applications has attracted great attention. This work aims to develop a new type fluorescent nanoparticle conjugate and evaluate its cytotoxic effects on A549 and BEAS 2B cell lines. Throughout the study, ionically crosslinked chitosan nanoparticles (CNs) were conjugated with carboxylated 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY-COOH). The results of conjugates (BODIPY-CNs) were investigated with regard to their physic-chemical, optical, cytotoxic properties and cellular internalization. The morphology of BODIPY-CNs was found to be spherical in shape and quite uniform having average diameter of 70.25 ± 11.99 nm. Cytotoxicty studies indicated that although BODIPY-COOH itself was quite toxic on both A549- and BEAS 2B-treated cells, CNs increased the cell viability of both cell lines via conjugation to BODIPY-COOH fluorescent molecule up to 67% for A549 and 74% for BEAS 2B cells. These results may suggest a possible utilization of the new fluorescent nanoparticle-based probe for bioimaging in biology and medicine

EPR studies of intermolecular interactions and competitive binding of drugs in a drug-BSA binding model

Understanding intermolecular interactions between drugs and proteins is very important in drug delivery studies. Here, we studied different binding interactions between salicylic acid and bovine serum albumin (BSA) using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Salicylic acid was labeled with a stable radical (spin label) in order to monitor its mobilized (free) or immobilized (bound to BSA) states. In addition to spin labeled salicylic acid (SL-salicylic acid), its derivatives including SL-benzoic acid, SL-phenol, SL-benzene, SL-cyclohexane and SL-hexane were synthesized to reveal the effects of various drug binding interactions. EPR results of these SL-molecules showed that hydrophobic interaction is the main driving force. Whereas each of the two functional groups (-COOH and -OH) on the benzene ring has a minute but detectable effect on the drug-protein complex formation. In order to investigate the effect of electrostatic interaction on drug binding, cationic BSA (cBSA) was synthesized, altering the negative net charge of BSA to positive. The salicylic acid loading capacity of cBSA is significantly higher compared to that of BSA, indicating the importance of electrostatic interaction in drug binding. Moreover, the competitive binding properties of salicylic acid, ibuprofen and aspirin to BSA were studied. The combined EPR results of SL-salicylic acid/ibuprofen and SL-ibuprofen/salicylic acid showed that ibuprofen is able to replace up to ∼83% of bound SL-salicylic acid, and salicylic acid can replace only ∼14% of the bound SL-ibuprofen. This indicates that ∼97% of all salicylic acid and ibuprofen binding sites are shared. On the other hand, aspirin replaces only ∼23% of bound SL-salicylic acid, and salicylic acid replaces ∼50% of bound SL-aspirin, indicating that ∼73% of all salicylic acid and aspirin binding sites are shared. These results show that EPR spectroscopy in combination with the spin labeling technique is a very powerful method to investigate drug binding dynamics in detail.Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council (2232-114C082

Dyeing fungi:amphotericin B based fluorescent probes for multiplexed imaging

The clinically used antifungal polyene amphotericin B was conjugated, via the mycosamine and the aglycon moieties, to fluorophores. The Cy5 conjugated probe showed selective labelling of fungi in the presence of bacteria, allowing multiplexed imaging and identification of microbial species in a co-culture of fungi and Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

Rapid detection of major Gram-positive pathogens in ocular specimens using a novel fluorescent vancomycin-based probe

Bacterial infections of the eye are significant causes of morbidity that can lead to permanent visual loss without rapid and adequate treatment, with Gram-positive bacteria causing the majority of ocular infections. Here we report a novel probe, based on the reductive amination of vancomycin with a 4-nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD)-based aldehyde, that rapidly and specifically detects Gram positive infections from ocular samples