Engineering design of in vitro mono-culture model of blood-brain barrier and investigation of methotrexate permeability on the model [Kan-Beyin bariyerinin in vitro mono-kültür modelinin mühendislik tasari{dotless}mi{dotless}ni{dotless}n yapi{dotless}lmasi{dotless} ve model üzerinde metotreksat geçirgenli?inin ¯ncelenmesi]

2014 18th National Biomedical Engineering Meeting, BIYOMUT 2014 -- 16 October 2014 through 17 October 2014 -- 110485Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a control mechanism that limits the diffusion of many substances to central nervous system through blood, and governs the nutrient diffusivity. This barrier is among the main risk factors for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, because most drugs designed are protein based, and are either blocked by BBB, or lose their bioavailability significantly. In this study, an in vitro BBB model was designed for testing therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases, and methotrexate drug permeability was investigated. In the BBB model design step, poly-caprolactone fiber surfaces were prepared by electrospinning to be used as support membrane for cells. The fiber morphology and sizes were determined using polarizing microscopy. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and C6 glioma cells were cultured on either side of this membrane. Model's proximity to in vivo models was tested by home-designed transendothelial electrical resistance measuring device; and nicotine was used as a positive control and albumin as a negative control. The effect of Methotrexate was determined indirectly by vitality test, MTT, for MCF-7 breast cancer cells seeded on the bottom of the well plates. The model's proximity to models in the literature and natural blood-brain barrier was specified relatively. © 2014 IEEE

Spinal premotor interneurons controlling antagonistic muscles are spatially intermingled

Elaborate behaviours are produced by tightly controlled flexor-extensor motor neuron activation patterns. Motor neurons are regulated by a network of interneurons within the spinal cord, but the computational processes involved in motor control are not fully understood. The neuroanatomical arrangement of motor and premotor neurons into topographic patterns related to their controlled muscles is thought to facilitate how information is processed by spinal circuits. Rabies retrograde monosynaptic tracing has been used to label premotor interneurons innervating specific motor neuron pools, with previous studies reporting topographic mediolateral positional biases in flexor and extensor premotor interneurons. To more precisely define how premotor interneurons contacting specific motor pools are organized, we used multiple complementary viral-tracing approaches in mice to minimize systematic biases associated with each method. Contrary to expectations, we found that premotor interneurons contacting motor pools controlling flexion and extension of the ankle are highly intermingled rather than segregated into specific domains like motor neurons. Thus, premotor spinal neurons controlling different muscles process motor instructions in the absence of clear spatial patterns among the flexor-extensor circuit components

Correction to: ESCAP CovCAP survey of heads of academic departments to assess the perceived initial (April/May 2020) impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child and adolescent psychiatry services (European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, (2021), 10.1007/s00787-020-01699-x)

In the original articles, the last four members’ of COVID-19 Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Consortium affiliation were incorrectly published. The correct affiliation are given below. Nihal Yurteri: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey Florian Daniel Zepf: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany Anna Zielinska-Wieniawska: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Alessandro Zuddas: Department of Biomedical Science and “G. Brotzu” Hospital Trust, Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy The original article has been corrected. © 2021, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature