Comparison of microtensile bond strength of two different bonding systems on eroded enamel

Amaç: Dental erozyon geri dönüşümü olamayan, çürüksüz sert doku kaybıdır. Ağız ortamında bulunan iç ya da dış kaynaklı asitler dental erozyonun ana etyolojik faktörüdür. Başta mine dokusu olmak üzere diğer diş sert dokuları da asitlerden etkilenerek çözünmeler gösterebilmektedir. Aynı zamanda bu çözünme sonucu restorasyonun diş dokusuna bağlanması da etkilenmektedir. Bu çalışmada normal ve erozyona uğramış mine dokusuna uygulanan farklı universal bonding sistemlerin mikrogerilme bağlanma dayanımları incelenmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Portakal suyunda bekletilerek yapay erozyon oluşumu sağlanan mine yüzeyleri ve sağlam mine yüzeylerinde bir Univeral Bonding Sistem birde totaletch olarak uygulanan bonding sistemin mikrogerilme bağlanma dayanımları karşılaştırılmıştır.Bulgular: En yüksek bağlanma dayanım değeri Single Bond Universal kullanılan sağlam mine yüzeyli grupta çıkarken en düşük değerler Single Bond 2'nin kullanıldığı erozyonlu grupta görülmüştür.Sonuçlar: Elde edilen sonuçlara göre erozyona uğramış dişlerde mikro gerilme bağlanma değerleri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede düşük çıkmıştır.Aim: Dental erosion is loss of hard tissues on tooth surface with an irreversibl, non-carious lesion. Main ethiological factor of this hard tissue loss is extrinsic and intrinsic acids. Not only the enamel but also the other hard tissues of tooth can be dissolved by these acids. This dissolution process is also effect the bonding of restoration materials to the tooth structures. During the treatment procedures, different restoration materials can be used as an alternative approach. In this study, microtensile bond strength of different universal bonding systems on eroded and sound enamel tissue is evaluated. Materials and Method: Orange juice was used to make artificial erosion lesions on two groups. A universal bonding system and a total-etch system were used to evaluate the microtensile bond strength on both eroded and sound enamel.Results: While, the highest microtensile bond values are obtained in Single Bond Universal used on sound enamel group. In the Single Bond 2 used eroded enamel group has shown the lowest bonding values.Conclusions: According to the results, the microtensile bond strength values of bonding systems on eroded enamel surface is statistically less then sound ename

Maxillary Expansion Via Palatal Mini-Implants: A Preliminary Study

Objective:This study evaluates the skeletal and dental effects of a mini-implant supported maxillary expansion (MISME) appliance that applied forces directly to the maxilla.Materials and Method:Records of 9 patients (5 female and 4 male patients; mean age = 12 years 8 months) with indications of maxillary expansion were included in this study. After insertion of four miniscrews (1.6 mm in diameter, 7 mm in length), an acrylic expansion device was bonded on the screws. Two miniscrews were placed in the anterior palate bilaterally, 3–4 mm lateral to the suture and 3–4 mm posterior to the incisive foramen. Two miniscrews were placed bilaterally between the second premolar and first molar roots in the palatal alveolus. The MISME appliance was activated with a semi-rapid protocol until the desired expansion was achieved. The average treatment duration was 97.1 ± 62.2 days. Measurements from cephalometric, posteroanterior radiographs and dental casts taken before and after expansion were evaluated statistically. The nonparametric Wilcoxon test was used for not normally distributed parameters (i.e., Nperp-A), and the parametric paired t test was performed for normally distributed parameters. A finding of p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results:Forward movement of the maxilla (p<0.05) as well as an increase in nasal and maxillary skeletal and dental widths (p<0.001) were observed in the sample group. Maxillary intermolar, intercanine, and palatal widths also increased (p<0.001) without buccal tipping of molars. A slight posterior rotation of the mandible was seen. Dentoalveolar measurements did not show any significant changes.Conclusion:The MISME appliance showed successful expansion of the maxilla without such side effects as buccal tipping of molars and bite opening. This appliance, which provides parallel expansion, can be a simple and economic alternative to transpalatal distraction

Does Al2O3 airborne particle abrasion improve repair bond strength of universal adhesives to aged and non-aged nanocomposites?

This study investigated the effect of universal adhesives on the resin composite–composite adhesion for immediate and aged repair with and without air-borne particle abrasion. Composite resin specimens were fabricated by placing multiple increments of resin composite (Clearfil Majesty Posterior) into cylindrical cavities (diameter: 4 mm, height: 2 mm) and photo-polymerized. Specimens (N = 720) were randomly assigned to 4 groups (fresh dry specimens, 24 h and 6 months water storage and thermocycled). These four main groups (n = 180) were further assigned to 2 groups (n = 90) according to the surface conditioning procedures; (a) Al2O3 air-abrasion and (b) No air-abrasion. Then, all subgroups were divided into six subgroups due to the adhesive procedures (a) All Bond Universal: AB (Bisco Inc.), (b) Monobond Plus: MP (Ivoclar Vivadent), (c) G-Premio Bond: GP (GC), Gluma Bond Universal: GB (Heraus Kulzer), Clearfil Universal Bond: CU (Kuraray), Clearfil Universal Bond Quick: SK (Kuraray). All bonding systems were applied according to the manufacturer’s instructions and new composite blocks were bonded to the specimens for shear bond strength testing at the Universal Testing Machine (0.5 mm/min). Al2O3 air-abraded groups showed significantly higher bond strength values compared to non-treated groups (p < 0.0001). CU and SK groups showed higher bond strength values and the worst values were observed for the groups of MP. Conditioning with Al2O3 air-abrasion and silane in universal adhesives improves the bond strength of universal adhesives in composite repair

Microinfiltracao de ionomero de vidro de alta viscosidade e carbômero de vidro com e sem revestimento antes e depois de envelhecimento hidrotermal

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the microleakage patterns of GIC and GGC with and without their protective surface coatings on enamel and dentin margins before and after aging. Material and Methods: Two rectangular cavities (height: 2 mm; width: 3 mm; depth: 1.5 mm) were prepared on each tooth at the cemento-enamel junction were prepared on human permanent molars (N=56) and the teeth were randomly assigned to be restored with one of the following: a) high viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) (EQUIA Fil, C Corp., Tokyo, Japan) (n=28), b) glass-carbomer cement (GCC) (Glass Carbomer Products, Leiden, The Netherlands) (n=28). Half of the teeth were further divided into two groups where one group received protective surface coating (SC) (G-Coat Plus, GC Corp) (n=14) and the other group did not (n=14). Half of the teeth were stored for 24 hours (n=7), and the other half was thermocycled (5000 cycles, 5-55°C) (n=7). For microleakage analysis, the teeth were immersed in 5% methylene blue dye for 24 hours, sectioned into two equal halves. Microleakage patterns were evaluated using stereomicroscope and scored on a scale of 0-3 (0: No dye penetration, 1: Dye penetration less than half of the axial wall, 2: Dye penetration more than half the axial wall, 3: Dye penetration spreading along the axial wall). Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis tests at the significance level of 0.05. Results: Compared to 24 h storage, after thermocycling, coating on GIC decreased microleakage significantly compared to GCC (p=0.046) but not for GCC. In the thermocycled groups, coated GIC showed significantly less leakage at the enamel margin but no significant difference was found with both GIC and GCC in the dentin margins. Conclusion: The application of surface coating significantly reduced the microleakage scores of GIC but not GCC, within the enamel margins only.Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os padrões de microinfiltração de GIC e GGC com e sem seus revestimentos protetores superficiais nas margens de esmalte e dentina antes e após o envelhecimento. Material e Métodos: duas cavidades retangulares (altura: 2 mm; largura: 3 mm; profundidade: 1,5 mm) foram preparadas em cada dente na junção cemento-esmalte de molares permanentes humanos (N = 56), sendo aleatoriamente designados para serem restaurados com um dos seguintes: a) cimento de ionômero de vidro (GIC) de alta viscosidade (EQUIA Fil, C Corp., Tóquio, Japão) (n = 28), b) cimento de vidrocarbômero (GCC) Carbomer Products, Leiden, Holanda) (n = 28). Metade dos dentes foram divididos em dois grupos, onde um grupo recebeu revestimento protetor de superfície (SC) (G-Coat Plus, GC Corp) (n = 14) e o outro grupo não (n = 14). Metade dos dentes foram armazenados por 24 horas (n = 7), e a outra metade foi termociclada (5000 ciclos, 5-55 ° C) (n = 7). Para análise de microinfiltração, os dentes foram imersos em corante azul de metileno a 5% por 24 horas, seccionados em duas metades iguais. Os padrões de microinfiltração foram avaliados usando estereomicroscópio e pontuados numa escala de 0-3 (0: Sem penetração de corante; 1: penetração de corante inferior à metade da parede axial; 2: penetração de corante mais do que metade da parede axial; 3: penetração de corante ao longo da parede axial). Os dados foram analisados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis ao nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: em comparação com o armazenamento de 24 h, após a termociclagem, o revestimento de superfície no GIC diminuiu significativamente a microinfiltração em comparação com o GCC (p = 0,046), mas não para o GCC. Nos grupos termociclados, o GIC revestido apresentou significativamente menos infiltração na margem do esmalte, mas não houve diferença significativa para o GIC e o GCC nas margens dentinárias. Conclusão: A aplicação do revestimento de superfície reduziu significativamente os escores de microinfiltração do GIC, mas não do GCC, apenas nas margens do esmalte

Comparison of the mechanical properties of two giomer based bulk-fill, a hybrid bulk-fill and a nanohybrid composites with different application protocols: In vitro study

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, farklı tabaka kalınlıklarında uygulanan düşükve yüksek viskoziteli bulk-fill giomerler, bir nano-hibrit kompozit ve birbulk-fill hibrit kompozitin basma dayanımlarıyla bükülme dayanımlarınınkarşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kompozit malzeme lerin basma dayanımlarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla 6 grupta (n=10) top lam 60 adet silindir şeklinde örnek (6x3mm) hazırlanmıştır. Deney grupları aşağıdaki şekildedir:Grup 1 (G1) Tetric N-Ceram (TNC) (2+2+2 mm),Grup 2 (G2) Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill (TBF) (4+2 mm),Grup 3 (G3) Beautifill Bulk-Fill Flowable (BBF) (4+2 mm),Grup 4 (G4) Beautifill Bulk Restorative (BBR) (4+2 mm),Grup 5 (G5) 2 mm BBF+4 mm BBR,Grup 6 (G6) 4 mm BBF+2 mm BBR.Örnekler 1 mm/dk kafa hızında basma dayanımı testine tabi tutulmuştur.Bükülme dayanımı ve bükülme modülüsünün hesaplanabilmesi amacıyla40 adet (25x2x2 mm) (n=10) kompozit örnek hazırlanmış [TNC (GF1), TBF(GF2), BBR (GF3), BBF (GF4)] ve 3 nokta bükülme testi (0,5 mm/dk) ger çekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, tek yönlü ANOVA ve Tamhane T2 test leri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir (p0,05). GF4’ün ortalama bükülme dayanımı, GF1, GF2 ve GF3 grupla rından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunurken, diğer grup lar arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır. Sonuç: En yüksek basma vebükülme dayanımı değerleri, bulk-fill giomerlerle elde edilmiştir. BBR al tında uygulandığında BBF kalınlığını 2 mm’den 4 mm’ye çıkarmak, basmadayanımını istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde artırmıştır.Objective: This study evaluated the compressive strengthof low and high viscosity bulk-fill giomers, a nano-hybrid and a bulk-fillhybrid composites with varied layer thicknesses and evaluated their flex ural strength. Material and Methods: Sixty cylindrical specimens (6x3mm) in 6 subgroups were fabricated (n=10). The restorations were madeusing either:Group 1 (G1) Tetric N-Ceram (TNC) (2+2+2 mm)Group 2 (G2) Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill (TBF) (4+2 mm),Group 3 (G3) Beautifill Bulk-Fill Flowable (BBF) (4+2 mm),Group 4 (G4) Beautifill Bulk Restorative (BBR) (4+2 mm),Group 5 (G5) 2 mm BBF+4 mm BBR,Group 6 (G6) 4 mm BBF+2 mm BBR.Compressive tests were performed at 1 mm/min. To determine the flexuralstrength and the flexural modulus, 40 specimens for each resin compositewere prepared [TNC (GF1), TBF (GF2), BBR (GF3), BBF (GF4)] (n = 10)(25×2×2 mm) and subjected to three-point bending test (0.5 mm/min). Datawere analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tamhane’s T2 tests (p0.05). The mean flex ural strength of the GF4 was found statistically significantly higher thanthe GF1, GF2 and the GF3 groups, where no significant difference de tected between the other groups. Conclusion: The compressive and theflexural strength values of the bulk-fill giomers were found to be the high est. Increasing Beautifill Bulk Restorative (BBF) thickness 2mm to 4mmunder (Beautifill Bulk-Fill Flowable) BBR, improved the compressivestrength significantly

Effect of surface sealant on the surface roughness of different composites and evaluation of their microhardness

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a surface sealant on the surface roughness of different composites and compare their microhardness values.Materials and MethodsSixty disc-shaped specimens were prepared and assigned to 6 groups (n = 10). Groups were prepared as follows; Group 1 (Herculite XRV Ultra), Group 2 (Beautifil Bulk Restorative) and Group 3 (Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative). Groups 4, 5, and 6 were prepared by applying a surface sealant (BisCover LV) on the specimens in groups 1, 2 and 3. Surface hardness of the discs in group 1, 2, and 3 and surface roughness of the discs in all groups were measured using the Vickers hardness test and a profilometer, respectively. One-way ANOVA was used to test for differences among the groups.ResultsNo significant differences were observed in the microhardness and roughness between the experimental and control groups for each restorative materials. Group 3 showed the highest surface hardness and group 4 showed the lowest surface roughness values.ConclusionUsing the BisCover LV resin after the polishing step has no significant effect on the surface roughness. The highest hardness values were obtained for the Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative after the polishing step. The smoothest surfaces were obtained for all experimental groups using the BisCover LV resin after the polishing step, Herculite XRV Ultra showed lower average roughness values than the other materials

Effect of surface conditioning methods on the microtensile bond strength of repair composite to indirect restorative materials

This study evaluated the effect of surface conditioning methods on the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of a restorative composite to indirect restorative materials. Blocks (5 × 5 × 4 mm3) (N = 72) of (a) Zirconia (In-Ceram Zirconia, Vita) (ZR), (b) lithium disilicate glass ceramic (IPS Empress II, Ivoclar Vivadent) (LD), (c) Indirect resin composite (Gradia, GC) (GR) were fabricated (n = 24 per group) and divided randomly into three groups: 1-Control: no conditioning, 2-Silane coupling agent, 3-Hydrofluoric acid (9.5%) (HF)+silane. Each block was duplicated in resin composite. The adhesion surfaces were conditioned with airborne-particle abrasion (110 µm Al2O3 particles). Half of the conditioned blocks received no bonding and the other half one coat of bonding (ED Primer II, Kuraray). Each conditioned block was bonded to a composite block with a resin luting agent (Panavia F2.0, Kuraray). The blocks were sectioned into 1 mm2 microsticks and tested for microtensile bond strength (µTBS) (0.5 mm/min) in a μTBS testing machine. Failure types were evaluated under stereomicroscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA, Bonferroni corrected and independent sample t-tests (p < 0.05). Significant effect of the bonding (p < 0.001) and surface conditioning (p < 0.001) were observed in all groups. The highest mean bond strength values were obtained in the bonded, HF etched and silanized groups of ZR, LD and GR (12.4 ± 2.9, 28.1 ± 1.5 and 27.2 ± 2 MPa, respectively). HF acid + silane increased the repair bond values in all materials. Majority of the failure types were adhesive for ZR group, whereas HF + silane conditioned LD and GR groups presented predominantly cohesive failures in the cement

Effect of the surface dehydratation (Ethanol-Wet Bonding) on the microleakage scores of the two current self etch adhesive system

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, adeziv sistem uygulamalarından önce kavite yüzeylerine etanol uygulamasının, günümüzde kullanılmakta olan iki adet self-etch sistemin mikrosızıntı skorları üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Materyal-Metot: Çalışmamızda, 28 adet çürüksüz, insan üçüncü molar dişin bukkal yüzeylerine, mine-sement birleşiminde sınıf V kaviteler hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmada, iki aşamalı Clearfil SE Bond ve tek aşamalı Clearfil S3 Bond, üretici firma önerileri doğrultusunda veya adeziv sistemlerin uygulanmasından önce kavitelere %95’lik etanolun 30 sn uygulanmasını takiben uygulanmıştır (n=7). Bağlayıcı uygulamasının arkasından, kompozit materyali ile restorasyonlar tamamlanmıştır. Restorasyonları tamamlanan örneklere, 5°C ile 55°C arasında 1.000 devir termal siklus işlemi uygulanmıştır. Termal siklus uygulamasından sonra, örnekler %0,5’lik metilen mavisinde 24 saat bekletilmiştir. Boyadan çıkartılan örneklerden dikey kesitler alınarak, boya sızıntısı skorlanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçların istatistiksel değerlendirilmesi, Kruskal- Wallis ve One- way ANOVA testleri ile yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Bu çalışmada, etanol uygulaması yapılan örnekler ile adeziv sistemlerin üretici firma doğrultusunda uygulandığı örneklerin mine duvarlarında, Clearfil SE Bond ile Clearfil S3 Bond benzer sızıntı skorları sergilerken, dentin duvarlarında Clearfil SE Bond, Clearfil S3 Bond’dan daha düşük sızıntı sergilemiştir (p>0,05). Kavite yüzeylerine adeziv sistemlerin uygulamasından önce etanol uygulanması, her iki adeziv sisteminde mine ve dentindeki sızıntı skorlarında anlamlı bir değişiklik yapmamıştır (p>0,05). Sonuç: Self etch adeziv sistemlerin dentin duvarlarındaki mikrosızıntı skorları, yüzeylere etanol uygulaması sonucu hafif düzeyde azalırken, mine duvarlarındaki sızıntı skorları bu uygulamadan etkilenmemiştir. Bağlayıcı ajan uygulamasından önce etanol uygulanan dentin yüzeyleri, self-etch sistemlerin uzun dönem adezyonu için daha gelişmiş bir yüzey sağlayabilir.Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of surface pretreatment with ethanol before bonding procedure, on the microleakage of two current self-etch adhesive systems. Material-Method: Class V cavities were prepared on the facial surfaces of 28 non-carious, human third molar teeth at the cemento-enamel junction. A two-step self-etch adhesive Clearfil SE Bond and a one-step self-etch adhesive Clearfil S3 Bond were applied to the cavities directly, according to the manufacturer’s instructions or after pre-treatment with 95% acetone for 30s before bonding (n=7). After bonding, the cavities were filled with a resin composite. The teeth with completed restorations were thermocycled 1,000 cycles between 5°C and 55°C. After thermocycle, the teeth were immersed in 0,5% methylene blue dye for 24 hours. The specimens that removed from dye were then sectioned longitudinally and dye penetration was scored. Data were analyzed using Kruskal- Wallis and One-way ANOVA tests. Results: The microleakage scores of Clearfil SE Bond and Clearfil S3 Bond, used directly or with ethanol pre-treatment to the cavity surfaces, were similar at enamel walls, the scores of Clearfil SE Bond were slightly reduced on dentinal walls when compared with Clearfil S3 Bond (p>0,05). The pretreatment of ethanol before bonding system application to the cavity surfaces had no significant effect on the microleakage scores of two adhesive systems on enamel and dentin. Discussion:: The microleakage scores of self-etch adhesive systems on dentinal walls of the teeth were slightly reduced after ethanol pre-treatment, but the scores on enamel walls were not affected. The ethanol pre-treated dentin surfaces may provide an improved substrate for resin adhesion of selfetching adhesives due to the dentin dehydration in long terms