Computed tomography findings of ruptured hepatic hydatid cyst into the pericardial space: a case report

Hydatidosis, is a parasitic infestation caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Although the disease most commonly affects liver and lungs, almost all organ and tissue involvements are documented. Rupture into pericardial space which may lead to pericardial effusion, pericarditis and pericardial tamponade, can be seen especially in the patients with cardiac hydatidosis. But rupture of a hepatic hydatid cyst into the pericardial space through a trans-diaphragmatic fistula is very rare. In this report, we present imaging findings of a type III hepatic hydatid cyst lesion which ruptured spontaneously into pericardial space and caused pericardial effusion. © 2019, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). All rights reserved

The comparison of computed tomography densitometry and DEXA for diagnosis of osteoporosis

Aim: In this study, we aimed to compare DEXA and CT densitometry in the diagnosis of osteoporosis and to evaluate the contribution of Hounsfield Unit calculation to the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Also, we examined the bone mineral loss in osteoporosis by CT volumetry on lumbar vertebrae and femur neck. Materials and Methods: A total of 102 patients (51 females, 51 males) who underwent DEXA and CT densitometry on the same day were evaluated according to their measurements of lumbar vertebrae and femur neck. The DEXA T-scores and BMD values of L1-L2-L3-L4 vertebra bodies and femur neck were compared with CT densitometry HU values which were measured as the same regions. Also, CT volumetric measurements of vertebral bodies and femur neck were compared with DEXA results of the same regions. Results: A statistically significant correlation between DEXA results and CT HU values of lumbar vertebrae and femur neck was found as DEXA T-score and BMD value increase, CT HU value increased. CT HU values of patients which were classified according to WHO classification (osteoporosis, osteopenia, and normal density groups) were found to be statistically significantly different. We observed that an L1 vertebra corpus HU value < 161 and a femur neck HU value <96 suggest an increased risk of osteoporosis. As age increases, CT HU value statistically decreased. Also, we detected that DEXA T-score and BMD values of lumbar vertebrae and femur neck were correlated with CT volumetric measurements of these regions. Discussion: CT densitometry of lumbar vertebrae and femur neck may be an alternative method to DEXA for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. We suggest that a CT densitometry technique with a low-dose scan of an ideal region may be a promising modality for the diagnosis of osteoporosis

Computed tomography findings of COVID-19 in pediatric patients

Background. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the thorax Computed Tomography (CT) findings of pediatric patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and to discuss these findings in light of the results of adult patients from the literature.Methods. The CT scans of pediatric patients (1-18 years old) with a diagnosis of COVID-19 by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in our hospital between March 2020 and January 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The scans were interpreted regarding the distribution and localization features, and involvement patterns including ground-glass opacity, consolidation, halo/reversed halo sign, interlobular septal thickening, air bronchograms and bronchiectasis. The frequencies of these findings in pediatric cases in our study were recorded.Results. A total of 95 patients with a mean age of 13 +/- 4.6 years were included in this study. Among them, 34 (36%) had lesions associated with COVID-19 on CT scans. Bilateral involvement was detected in 15 (44%) while unilateral in 19 (56%) patients. Eighteen (53%) patients had single lobe involvement. In 16 (47%) patients a solitary lesion was detected and in 18 (53%) multiple lesions were present. Ground-glass opacity appearance was observed in 28 (82%), consolidation in 9 (26%), and ground-glass opacity with consolidation in 8 (24%), halo sign in 9 (26%), reversed halo sign in 2 (6%), interlobular septal thickening (interstitial thickening) in 1 (3%) patients.Conclusions. As symptoms are relatively milder in children with COVID-19, CT findings are less extensive than in adults. It is essential to know the thorax CT findings that aid in the diagnosis and follow-up of the disease

Radiological Findings of Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma: A Rare Case Report

Hepatik epiteloid hemanjioendotelyoma, klinik seyri öngörülemeyen, nadir görülen, düşük dereceli, vasküler bir tümördür ve genellikle radyolojik karakteristik özelliklere dayanarak diğer karaciğer tümörleri gibi yanlış teşhis edilir. En yaygın tutulum bölgeleri karaciğer, akciğer ve kemiktir. Genellikle asemptomatik seyirli olması ve diğer hepatik malignitelere kıyasla daha nadir görülmesi nedeniyle bu tümörün teşhisinde hala zorluklar bulunmaktadır. Bu hastalığın erken teşhisinde radyolojik görüntüleme yardımcı olabilir. Bu olguda ayırıcı tanıyı genişletmek ve doğru tanı koymak için olası akciğer metastazlı hepatik epiteloid hemanjioendotelyomanın görüntüleme bulgularını sunmayı amaçladık. Sağ üst kadran ağrısı olan 38 yaşında bir kadın hastayı bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT), manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) ve pozitron emisyon tomografisi (PET-BT) görüntüleme modaliteleri ile değerlendirdik. Kesin tanı lezyonun biyopsisi sonrasında histopatolojik değerlendirme sonrasında konuldu

The morphological variants of dural venous sinuses

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to analyze the dural venous system variations in Turkey by magnetic resonance imaging examinations. Material and Methods: Images of a total of 200 patients (65 males, 135 females M/F: 0.48) who underwent a magnetic resonance venography examination were retrospectively screened. Results: Variation was detected in 101 patients (53.85% of males [35/65] and 48.89% of females [66/135]). In 16.5% of the patients, only one variation of dural venous system was detected, while the most common variation was left transverse hypoplasia in this group. Twenty-six percent of the patients had two variations of the dural venous system since the most common dual variations were left transverse hypoplasia + left sigmoid hypoplasia in this group. In 8% of the patients, three or more variations of the dural venous system were observed as the most common variations were right transverse hypoplasia + right sigmoid hypoplasia + presence of occipital sinus in this group. Discussion and Conclusion: It is essential to know the anatomical variations of the dural venous system for the discrimination between pathological processes such as thrombosis and physiologic conditions. Furthermore, the association of these variations with each other must be kept in mind for the explanation of the presence of multiple variations in the same individuals

Association of Chiari Type 1 Malformation and Cervical Spine Curve Changes

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to examine the association of cervical spine curve abnormalities (loss of cervical lordosis or reversal of cervical curve) with Chiari Type 1 malformation (CM1). Further, a possible relation of syrinx formation in the cervical spinal cord and disc protrusion with CM1 was analyzed. Material and Methods: Cervical spinal magnetic resonance imagings of 998 patients were retrospectively screened for the presence of CM1. The frequency rates of syrinx formation within the spinal cord, cervical spinal curve changes, and cervical disc herniation among CM1+ and CM1− patients were compared. Results: Patients with CM1 have significantly higher rate of loss of cervical lordosis when compared with those who have not CM1. The syrinx formation rate was also found lower in the CM1+ patients with loss of cervical lordosis than in CM1+ patients with either normal cervical lordosis or reversed cervical curve. No significant difference was detected between CM1+ and CM1− patients regarding cervical disc herniation rate. Discussion and Conclusion: As the loss of cervical lordosis rate is higher in CM1, the patients with lateral X‑ray findings of cervical lordosis flattening may be evaluated regarding typical neurological symptoms of syringomyelia.</p

Computed Tomography findings of atypical intralobar pulmonary sequestration: Research Article

Backgrounds: Bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS) is a rare congenital anomaly of the lung that has two different types as intralobar and extralobar. In this study, we aimed to present six cases of intralobar sequestration with atypical findings in terms of feeding, drainage and, localization. Methods: Patients diagnosed with intralobar pulmonary sequestration in our clinic between 2015-2019 were evaluated retrospectively. Demographical features and atypical Computed Tomography (CT) findings of the patients were presented by literature. Results: Among 45 patients with intralobar sequestration, six ones (13.3%) (5 males and 1 female) with a mean age of 43.5±25.4 (0-78) years old) had atypical pulmonary findings on CT images. Atypical features regarding arterial supply was detected in 8.9%, venous drainage in 2.2%, location in 4.4%, radiological appearance ın 4.4% and co-existing lesion in 2.2% of the patient with intralobar sequestration. Conclusion: Typical and atypical features of pulmonary sequestration must be well-known for differential diagnosis of solid or cystic pulmonary lesions

Computed tomography findings of organizing pneumonia

Objective: In this study, we aimed to present computed tomography (CT) findings of 100 patients with histopathologically confirmed organizing pneumonia. Design: Retrospective study Setting: Ankara Atatürk Chest Diseases And Chest Surgery Training And Surgery Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Subjects: One hundred histopathologically confirmed organizing pneumonia patients between 2009 and 2013 admitted to our clinic. Intervention: A chest CT scan and the histopathological examination of the lung lesions of the patients were performed. Main outcome measure: The frequency and the types of CT findings of the patients with proven organizing pneumonia were examined. Results: Among 100 patients, 73 were male and 27 were female, and the mean age of the patients was 60±11 (range:19-90) years. Pulmonary consolidation was detected in 87 patients and ground-glass opacity was seen in 76 patients. Multiple nodules were seen in 20 patients while a solitary nodule was seen in 15 patients. Acinar nodular pattern was detected in 29 patients, micronodular pattern in 28 patients, bronchocentric pattern in 33 patients, perilobular pattern in 14 patients, progressive fibrotic pattern in 8 patients and reversed halo sign in 12 patients. Lymph node enlargement was seen in 80 patients. Conclusion: Computed tomography is very important for the diagnosis of organizing pneumonia which has various radiological findings. © 2022, Kuwait Medical Association. All rights reserved