A Critical Approach to Geothermal Energy in Turkey Terms of Sustainability and Health Tourism

The world is changing; it is slowly running out of resources. The change and the depletion of energy resources are being discussed all the time. The rapid development of sustainable tourism is constantly changing and shaping the concept of sustainability. Every country has its own way for this reshaping and some countries have chosen sustainable renewable and environmentally-friendly energy resources in this movement.Due to its geographical position Turkey has advantage in using a wide range of renewable energy resources. This study is related to one of this green energy – geothermal energy (GE). Turkey has a great potential regarding geothermal energy. Turkey is Europe’s number one and the world’s number seven country concerning its geothermal resources. The most significant geothermal systems are located in the western, central and eastern parts of Turkey. The first search for geothermal energy was launched in Turkey in the Aegean region. Geothermal energy is an important sustainable source and this energy is also important for health tourism. Health tourism is developing in the world and Turkey wants to be a part of this movement. Izmir has an important role in health tourism and has a significant advantage in terms of thermal energy. Moreover, health tourism is in Izmir’s program for the EXPO 2020. The aim of study is to provide the information on the sources of thermal energy in the region and to the evaluate the investments in this regard. Firstly the importance of geothermal energy potential is discussed and geothermal energy in Izmir is analyzed. After information of thermal energy sources in the region is collected and investments are examined, the connection of geothermal power with health tourism is evaluated

LUXURY TOURISM IN TURKEY

Tourism is becoming increasingly important as a source of revenue for many countries. Tourism sector is also increasingly important for the Turkish economy. There is always tendency to have more and more tourists in their own countries but now these ideas are changing and nowadays the trend is to have not more tourists but more income from each of them. Some countries expanded considerably in recent years after being declared a top tourism economic priority and these countries have prepared plans for attracting luxury customers to offer them high-priced products and to give a high quality service. This concepts is called luxury tourism as a tourism type. This paper describes the term “luxury tourism” and gives the variety of its examples in the world and in Turkey

An Analysis of Iraq's Pre-import Inspection, Testing & Certification Program: A’WOT Analysis

AbstractThe Pre-import Inspection, Testing and Certification program became an important factor to get a market share in Iraq. Verification of Conformity (VoC) of products before shipment to Iraq was started in May 2011 by Iraqi government. The objectives of this program are; protection of consumers and environment, assurance of conformity, transparency in commercial activities and releasing goods faster at Iraqi customs with the appropriate certificate of conformity. After several months of preparation, today this program is being executed actively for countries all over the world that wants to export in Iraq. In this study, an analysis of Iraq's new pre-import inspection, testing and certification program is tried to determine by A’WOT hybrid multi-criteria method. A’WOT is a combination of the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). As a result of this study, possible risks and solutions of the program are pointed out

Uluslararası derecelendirme kuruluşlarının kredi notu değerlendirmelerinin doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırmları üzerindeki etkileri

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Kredi derecelendirme, bir şirket ya da ülkenin ekonomik ve finansal yükümlülüklerini tam zamanında ve eksiksiz olarak yerine getirmesinin, finansal veriler doğrultusunda ölçülmesi ve tahmin edilmesidir. Kredi derecelendirme işleminin sonucunda şirket ya da ülkeye kredi notu verilerek, risk durumları tahmin edilmektedir. Doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımı, yatırımcının kendi ülkesinden farklı bir ülkede gerçekleştirdiği ve yönetiminde hakim olduğu, reel sektöre yapılan uzun vadeli yatırımdır. Doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımı yapabilmek için şirketler ya da ülkeler hakkında bilgi sahibi olmayı talep etmektedirler. Bu talebi kredi derecelendirme kuruluşlarının verdiği kredi notları sayesinde karşılamaktadırlar. Yabancı sermaye yatırımcıları harf ve rakamlarla ifade edilen kredi notlarını inceleyerek yatırım kararını belirlemektedir. Bu çalışmada kredi derecelendirme kuruluşlarının tanımı, özellikleri, yöntemleri, derecelendirmeyi etkileyen faktörler, derecelendirmenin yararları ve derecelendirmeye yöneltilen eleştiriler teorik olarak incelenmiştir. Moody's, S&P, Fitch ve JCR kredi derecelendirme kuruluşları detaylı olarak açıklanmıştır. Kredi notları ile doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları arasındaki ilişki ile kredi notlarının doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Türkiye, Yunanistan, Portekiz, İspanya, İtalya ile BRICS (Brezilya, Rusya, Hindistan, Çin ve Güney Afrika) ülkelerinin kredi notları ile bu ülkelere giren doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları karşılaştırılmıştır. Kredi notlarının doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarını nasıl etkilediği ile ampirik olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Harf ve notlarla ifade edilen kredi notları daha anlaşılır olması amacıyla KÜDİ sistemine göre yüzlük numerik sisteme çevrilmiştir. KÜDİ puanlarıyla doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları verileri kullanılarak Türkiye, Yunanistan, Portekiz, İspanya, İtalya ile BRICS (Brezilya, Rusya, Hindistan, Çin ve Güney Afrika) ülkelerine Kónya Boostrap Panel Nedensellik Testi ile analiz yapılmıştır. Testin sonucuna göre Yunanistan, Portekiz, İspanya, İtalya, Brezilya, Hindistan ve Güney Afrika'ya verilen kredi notları doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarını etkilememektedir. Çin, Rusya ve Türkiye'ye verilen kredi notlarının ise doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları üzerinde etkisi vardır.Credit rating is the measurement and estimation of a company or country's economic and financial obligations in a timely and complete manner in accordance with financial data. As a result of the credit rating process, the company or the country is given a credit rating and risk situations are estimated. Foreign direct investment is a long-term investment in the real sector which the investor realizes in a country different from its own and dominates the management. They want to be informed about companies or countries in order to invest directly in foreign capital. It meets this demand thanks to the credit ratings given by credit rating agencies. Foreign capital determines the investment decision by examining the credit ratings expressed in letters and numbers. In this study, the definition, characteristics, methods, factors affecting the rating, the benefits of the rating and the criticisms directed to the rating are examined theoretically. Moody's, S&P, Fitch and JCR credit rating agencies are explained in detail. The relationship between credit ratings and direct foreign capital investments and the effects of credit ratings on direct foreign capital investments were investigated. Turkey, Greece, Portugal, Spain, Italy and the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) were compared directly to those countries with foreign investment that the country's credit ratings. Empirical evaluation of how credit ratings affect foreign direct investment . Credit notes, which are expressed in letters and notes, have been converted into hundred numerical system according to KÜDİ system for clarity. KÜDİ points score using data on foreign direct investment in Turkey, Greece, Portugal, Spain, Italy and the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) countries analyzed by the Kónya Boostrap Panel Causality Test. According to the results of the test, credit ratings given to Greece, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Brazil, India and South Africa do not affect foreign direct investment. China, Russia, and Turkey issued credit notes has an impact on foreign direct investment

Bond Strength of Metal and Ceramic Brackets on Resin Nanoceramic Material With Different Surface Treatments

Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different surface conditoning methods on surface texture and shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets bonded to resin nanoceramic material.Methods:Ceramic specimens were divided into two groups as metal brackets and ceramic brackets. In each group, the following five subgroups were conditoned with orthophosphoric acid (OPA), hydrofluoric acid (HFA), silica coating with Cojet, Nd: Yag laser, and Femtosecond (Fs) laser. Extra samples were used for scanning electron microscopy and 3D profilometer evaluation.Results:All surface conditioning methods caused optimum or higher SBS. Metal brackets had higher SBS than porcelain brackets, but this difference reached statistical significance only in Fs laser group. OPA caused surface modification comparable to HFA because of polymer content of resin nanoceramic. Although Fs laser and Cojet conditioning caused optimum or higher SBS, surface damage of these methods to the resin nanoceramic specimens clearly seen on 3D profilometer.Conclusion:HFA and Nd: Yag laser are effective surface conditioning methods for resin nanoceramics. OPA combined with silane application caused optimum SBS and can be used as an alternative to HFA. Surface texture changes should be considered to determine surface damage while deciding the optimum surface conditioning method for ceramics other than SBS

Bibliotherapeutic Literature Appropriate for Gifted Children: Examination of Three Books

Gifted students may experience psychosocial difficulties. One of the therapeutic tools that, can be used by counselors in supporting them by taking their interest and skill in reading book into consideration, is bibliotherapy. It reflects using literature for helping children to overcome their problems. Choosing the appropriate book for bibliotherapy is crucial point to make the process productive. Research on the books that can be used through bibliotherapy with gifted students seems to be limited; led this study. This study examined three books in terms of the content regarding psychosocial difficulties experienced by gifted students and their appropriateness for bibliotherapy applications for gifted children at primary school level. The outstanding contents in the books were relationship problems, labeling and loneliness, difficulties with self / identity development, and perfectionism. According to results, the books included contents regarding the difficulties that gifted students might experience; hence could be used with gifted students by counselors