Proteomic applications of different biological organisms Farkli biyolojik organizmalarda proteomik uygulamalar

Proteomics described in 1994 for the first time by Marc Wilkins is based on the analysis all proteins present at any time in an organism, tissue or cell by using a largescale protein separation and identification methods. The proteome is all the different proteins that an organism possesses and expresses at a certain time and place. Proteomic expresses the structures of all proteins at a certain time and place, placements, quantities, the post-translational modifications, functions in tissues and cells, and the interactions of other proteins and macro molecules. DNAs in cells of different tissues and organs are similar, but proteins are dissimilar. Therefore, science of genetics is not sufficient for the diagnosis of various diseases. For this reason, there is increasing interest in the science of proteomics day by day. In this review, firstly, we evaluated different protein extraction methods, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2- DE), and proteomic applications which include mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. Secondly, it is mentioned that the studies carried out by proteomics in different field of medicine through using of different organism or tissue. In addition, in recent years, the studies have been evaluated to determine the response of different biological organisms and protein used in defense mechanisms when expose to biotic or abiotic stresses by proteome analyses