Oleuropein içeren zeytin yaprağı ekstresi hücre hattına bağlı olarak meme kanser hücrelerinde epirubisinin sitotoksik etkilerini değiştirir

Bu çalışma, Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Engin Ulukaya'in danışmanlığında Şeniz Korkmaz tarafından yazılan "MDA-MB-231 ve MCF-7 insan meme kanseri hücre soylarında zeytin yaprağı ekstresinin anti-kanser ilaçlarla kombinasyonunun araştırılması" adlı tıpta uzmanlık tezine dayanılarak hazırlanmıştır.Objective: Epidemiologic studies showed that nutrition plays a role in incidence of cancer. However, little is known if nutrition also modulates the effect of chemotherapeutics. For this purpose, the present study investigates the cytotoxic effect of olive leaf extract and its combination with epirubicin. Method: Cell viability was measured via ATP assay on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines. Apoptosis was detected by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and the expression of apoptosis-related genes. A single extract was used throughout the study. Results: Both olive leaf extract and epirubicin resulted in cytotoxic effect in a dose-dependent manner in both cell lines. The extract further increased the cytotoxic effect of epirubicin in MDA-MB-231 cell line. However, in contrast, it abolished the cytotoxic effect of epirubicin in MCF-7 cell line. As a confirmative result, the increased expressions of FASLG and HRK following epirubicin treatment were down-regulated when epirubicin was used in combination with the extract in MCF-7 cells. Conclusion: Olive leaf extract modulates the cytotoxic effect of epirubicin when it is in combination depending on the type of cell line. This warrants further in vivo experiments for better understanding of this intriguing result.Amaç: Epidemiyolojik çalışmalar beslenmenin kanser insidansında önemli bir rolü olduğunu göstermektedir. Ancak, beslenmenin kemoterapinin de etkilerini değiştirip değiştirmediğiyle ilgili az şey bilinmektedir. Bu amaçla, bu çalışma zeytin yaprağı ekstresi ve epirubisin ile kombinasyonunun sitotoksik etkilerini araştırmaktadır. Metod: Hücre canlılığı ATP testi kullanılarak MDA-MB- 231 ve MCF-7 hücre hatlarında ölçülmüştür. Apoptozis, poli-(ADP-riboz) polimeraz (PARP) kırılması ve apop- tozis ilişkili genlerin ifadeleri kullanılarak saptanmıştır. Çalışma boyunca tek bir ekstre kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Hem zeytin yaprağı ekstresi hem epirubisin doza bağlı olarak her iki hücre hattında da sitotoksik etkiye neden olmştur. Ekstre, MDA-MB-231 hücre hattında epirubisinin sitotoksik etkisini daha da arttırmıştır. Ancak buna karşın, MCF-7 hücre hattında epirubisinin sitotoksik etkisini bozmuştur. Doğrulayıcı bir sonuç olarak, MCF-7 hücrelerinde epirubisin uygulamasıyla artan FASLG ve HRK ifadeleri, epirubisin ekstre ile kombinasyon halinde kullanıldığında düşmüştür. Sonuç: Zeytin yaprağı ekstresi epirubisin ile kombinasyon halinde kullanıldığında epirubisinin sitotoksik etkilerini hücre hattına bağlı olarak değiştirir. Bu ilgi çekici sonuçların daha iyi anlaşılması için ileri in vivo deneylerin yapılmasını gerektirmektedir

Superheated water extraction of essential oils of Origanum micranthum

Superheated water extraction is used to extract essential oil of leaves of Origanum micranthum. The effect of different temperatures on the essential oil profile and rate of extraction as a function of time is investigated. The components of essential oil of Origanum micranthum are removed from the aqueous extract by C18 solid-phase extraction. The identification of components is carried out using comprehensive gas chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry. The number of extracted components is almost the same; however, the concentrations change with changing temperature. The highest yield (0.64%) is found at a temperature of 150°C, 2 mL/min and 60 bar for 30 min. The increasing temperature from 100°C to 175°C increased the rate of extraction of six selected components of essential oil of Origanum micranthum. cis-Sabinenehydrate exhibits the fastest rate of extraction at all temperatures studied. Some degradation products are observed at a temperature of 175°C

Analysis of essential oils of origanum onites by superheated water extraction using gcxgc-tof/ms

Superheated water extraction was used to extract essential oils from leaves and grains of Origanum onites. The effect of different sample collection dates on the amount and composition of extracted essential oils was investigated. C-18 solid phase extraction was used to elute the essential oils from the aqueous extract. The volatile components were characterized by comprehensive (two dimensional) gas chromatography with time of flight mass spectrometry (TOF/ MS). The O. onites samples were collected on three different dates (15 June 2006, 25 June 2006, 05 July 2006). The extraction yields from O. onites leaves were 2.88 %, 3.06 %and 3.97 %; and from O. onites grains 3.63 %, 4.22 %and 4.57 %, respectively from each collection date. The main component found in all samples was carvacrol. The later collection dates gave better essential oil recovery from both leaves and grains. © 2009 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Superheated water extraction, steam distillation and Soxhlet extraction of essential oils of Origanum onites

Superheated water extraction (SWE) at various temperatures (100, 125, 150 and 175°C), steam distillation, and Soxhlet extraction were compared in the extraction of essential oils from two samples of the plant Origanum onites, one cultivated, the other wild. C18 solid-phase extraction was used to elute the essential oils from the SWE aqueous extract. The compositions of the extracted essential oils obtained from all three methods were then characterized by comprehensive GC×GC/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF/MS). The highest essential oil yields were obtained by using SWE at 150°C with a flow rate of 2 mL min-1 and a pressure of 60 bar for 30 min: these were 3.76 and 4.11% for wild and cultivated O. onites samples, respectively, expressed as a percentage of 100 g of dry (leaf) matter. The yields obtained using SWE at 150°C were slightly higher than those from conventional methods. Steam distillation was performed for 3 h, and Soxhlet extraction was completed in 12 h. The major compounds found were borneol, terpinen-4-ol and carvacrol. © Springer-Verlag 2004

Genotoxic, cytotoxic, and apoptotic effects of Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. on breast cancer cells

The aim of this study is to determine the chemical composition, and evaluate the genotoxic, and anti-growth potency of the methanol extracts of lichen species Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. (HPE). Anti-growth effect was tested in two different human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) by the MTT and ATP viability assays and apoptosis was assayed by the caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 (M30-antigen). Genotoxic activity of HPE was studied using chromosome aberration and micronuclei tests in human lymphocytes culture in vitro. The chemical composition of H. physodes was analyzed by using direct thermal desorption method coupled with comprehensive gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (GCXGC-TOF/MS). Our results indicate that HPE has an anti-growth effect at relatively lower concentrations, while relatively higher concentrations are required for genotoxic activity. HPE, therefore, seems to represent a therapeutic potential and poses new challenges for medicinal chemistry

Superheated water extraction of fragrance compounds from Rosa canina

Floral oil of Rosa canina was isolated using superheated water extraction (SWE). The effects of different temperatures (50 °C, 100 °C and 150°C) and pressures (25, 50 and 75 bar) on the recovery of fragrance compounds were investigated. The components of rose oil were removed from the aqueous extract by C18 solid phase extraction. Qualification and quantification were carried out by fast gas chromatography-time of flight/mass spectroscopy (GC-TOF/MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID), respectively. SWE of rose petal oils shows a highest extraction efficiency at 100°C, 2 ml/min flow rate and 50 bar pressure for 2 h. The SWE-based method is quicker, more environmentally friendly and more efficient than the Soxhlet extraction method. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Pelargonium quercetorum Agnew induces apoptosis without PARP or cytokeratin 18 cleavage in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines

Pelargonium species have various uses in folk medicine as traditional remedies, and several of them have been screened for their biological activity, including anticancer. Pelargonium quercetorum Agnew (P. quercetorum) is traditionally used for its anthelminthic activity. However, little is known about its biological activity or its effect on cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to determine the cytotoxic activity of P. quercetorum extract on lung cancer cell lines with varying properties. Following the analyses of its chemical composition, the cytotoxic activity was screened by the adenosine triphosphate viability test. M30-Apoptosense (R) and M65 EpiDeath (R) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to determine the cell death mode (apoptosis vs. necrosis). For apoptosis, additional methods, including Annexin-V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and Hoechst 33342 staining, were employed. The cleavage of poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) was assayed by western blotting to further dissect the apoptosis mechanism. The methanol extract of P. quercetorum caused cytotoxic activity in a dose-dependent manner. The mode of cell death was apoptosis, as evidenced by the positive staining of the cells for Annexin-V-FITC and the presence of pyknotic nuclei. Notably, neither PARP cleavage nor cytokeratin 18 fragmentation were observed. P. quercetorum caused cell death by an apoptosis mechanism that is slightly different from classical apoptosis. Therefore, future in vivo experiments are required for further understanding of the effect of this plant on cancer cells

Essential Oil Composition of Endemic Sideritis leptoclada O. Schwarz& P. H. Davis (Lamiaceae) from Turkey by Using Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (GCxGC-TOF/MS)

Sideritis genus is present by 46 species in Turkey with high endemism rate (ca. 82%). The chemical composition of essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of endemic Sideritis leptoclada O. Schwarz & P. H. Davis was investigated. The chemical composition of S. leptoclada from the Southern Turkey is reported for the first time by GCxGC-TOF/MS technique. Among the sixteen constituent representing 96.74% of the S. leptoclada oil, major components of S. leptoclada were found as α-pinene (24.84%), trans-β-caryophyllene (22.99%), β-pinene (15.14%) and caryophyllene oxide (6.65%). The results were discussed with the genus pattern in means of medicinal purpose and plant essential oils