The effects of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) grown as fodder and green manure on some soil physical and chemical properties in Çarşamba plain conditions

Araştırma 2000-2004 yılları arasında Çarşamba Ovası koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 4 tekrarlamalı olarak kurulan araştırmada “yeşil gübreleme-mısır-buğday” münavebe sistemi uygulanmıştır. Yeşil gübre bitkisi olarak yem baklası kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada; yeşil gübre bitkisinin tüm aksamının gömülmesi ve yalnızca kök+anız aksamının gömülmesi suretiyle yapılan yeşil gübrelemenin iki farklı uygulama şekli; her iki uygulama şekillerinde, yeşil gübrelemeyi takiben yetiştirilen ana ürünlere farklı azot -1 -1 dozları (mısır için 0, 60, 120, 180 kg N ha , buğday için 0, 50, 100, 150 kg N ha ) uygulaması, geleneksel sistemde kimyasal gübre uygulaması ile yeşil gübre ve azotun yer almadığı kontrol konusu uygulamaları ele alınmıştır. Yeşil gübre uygulamalarının genelde toprağın strüktür stabilite indeksi, agregat stabilite indeksi, hacim ağırlığı, makro ve mikro gözenek hacimleri üzerinde önemli bir etkisi görülmemiştir. Buna karşın, münavebenin birinci yılında strüktür stabilite indeksi ve makro gözenek hacmi kontrol konusuna göre istatistiki açıdan önemli derecede farklılık göstermiştir. Genellikle yeşil gübrenin her iki uygulama şekli de, kontrol parseline göre toprağın organik madde ve toplam azot içeriğini artırmışlardır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, yapılan uygulama ve işlemlerin toprakların fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerini olumlu yönde etkilediği ancak bölge koşullarının organik materyallerin hızlı parçalanmasına neden olmasından dolayı etkinin geçici ve sınırlı kaldığı belirlenmiştir.The research was carried out in Çarþamba Plain conditions between 2000-2004. “Green manure-maize-wheat” rotation system was applied in the research that was established as to randomised block design in with four replications. Faba bean was used as green manure plant. In the research, two different application methods of green manure that were done by means of having both all parts and only root+stubble part of the green manure plant buried, different nitrogen doses application to the main crops that were grown subsequent to green manure -1 -1 in each two applications (0, 60, 120, 180 kg N ha for maize, 0, 50, 100, 150 kg N ha for wheat), chemical fertilizer application in traditional system and control subject applications in which green manure and nitrogen didn't take place, were discussed. There were no significant effects of green manure applications on the structure stability index values, aggregate stability index values, volum weights and the macro, micro pore volumes of soils. However, in the first year of rotation, structure stability index values and macro pore volumes showed based on the control as statistically significant difference. In general, both types of applications of green manure provided an increase in organic matter and total nitrogen contents of soils with respect of the control. According to research, practice and procedures in a positive effect on physical and chemical properties of soils, but the conditions of the region due to the effect of organic material that degradation quickly determined that a temporary and limited

Basic soil properties and soil classification of hazelnut cultivation area in the eastern black sea region, case study; Ünye-Tekkiraz district

The objective of this research was to investigate physical, chemical and morphological properties, classification and mapping of soils of hazelnut cultivation in Ünye-Tekkiraz district of The Eastern Black Sea Region. The study area is located between west of the Ordu and south of the Samsun provinces, at coordinates 4542495- 4537485 N and 342549-347523 E and total area is approximately 31.5 km2. Average annual precipitation and temperature are 1162.4 mm and 14.2 oC, respectively. Elevation varies from 200 m to 550 m above sea level. According to soil taxonomy, the soil temperature regime and moisture regime were classified as mesic and ustic, respectively. Most of the study areas have been commonly used for hazelnut cultivation, whereas southern part of the study area generally cover small forest and pasture lands. In the study area, distribution of geological pattern is palaeocene and eocene rocks consisting of sandstone, siltstone and marl including widely distributed and altered eocene aged volcano-clastics which are composed of basalt and andesite. After examination of topographic, land use, geologic and geomorphologic maps and land observation, 15 profile places were excavated in the study area. The soil samples were taken from each profile based on genetic horizons and their analyses were done in the laboratory. According to the results of laboratory analyses by taking into consideration of soil taxonomy, 11 different soil series were classified and described. Two them were classified as Entisol due to their young age and five are Inceptisol, three are Alfisol, and one is Vertisol. Whereas Hatipler seri has the largest area (14.7 %), Yenicuma Dere soil seri has the smallest area in the study area (3.2 %)

Clay activity index as an indicator of soil erodibility

ctivity index (AI) value characterizes the relationship between the plasticity index and clay content. In this study, AI value was investigated to determine whether it might be used as an indicator of soil structural stability or not. The AI values of 75 soil samples gave the significant negative correlations with their dispersion ratio (DR), soil erodibility factors (K) and erosion ratios (ER). Also, the AI values of the soils including clay and sandy clay loam textural class showed significant positive correlation with soil structural stability index (SSI). It seems that the AI value may be used as an indicator of soil structural stability

Effects of soil conditioner and humic acid applications on the development of some soil quality parameters

This study was conducted under greenhouse conditions in order to determine the effects of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylamide (PAM) and humic acid (HA) applications on the improvement of some soil quality (erosion ratio and coefficient of linear extensibility) parameters. Surface soil samples with three different textures (clay, loam and sandy loam) were used in the study. In the greenhouse, PVA, PAM and HA were applied to soil samples at doses of 500, 100 and 500 ppm, respectively, and incubated in four different periods (0, 15, 30 and 45 days). During the incubation, irrigation was performed when 50% of the available moisture in the soil samples was decreases. As a result of the analysis and evaluation made on the soil samples after the incubation, it was determined that PVA, PAM and HA applications reduced the erosion ratio and linear extensibility values in all three soil groups and that the conditioners were more effective in the soil in clay texture category. It was observed that the conditioners were ranked as PVA>PAM>HA in terms of the said effectiveness. It was observed that PVA's first period applications were more effective on erosion resistance and PVA's second period applications were more effective on coefficient of linear extensibility

The Effects of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Grown As Fodder and Green Manure on Some Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Çarþamba Plain Conditions

The research was carried out in Çar?amba Plain conditions between 2000-2004. “Green manure-maize-wheat” rotation system was applied in the research that was established as to randomised block design in with four replications. Faba bean was used as green manure plant. In the research, two different application methods of green manure that were done by means of having both all parts and only root+stubble part of the green manure plant buried, different nitrogen doses application to the main crops that were grown subsequent to green manure in each two applications (0, 60, 120, 180 kg N ha-1 for maize, 0, 50, 100, 150 kg N ha-1 for wheat), chemical fertilizer application in traditional system and control subject applications in which green manure and nitrogen didn't take place, were discussed. There were no significant effects of green manure applications on the structure stability index values, aggregate stability index values, volum weights and the macro, micro pore volumes of soils. However, in the first year of rotation, structure stability index values and macro pore volumes showed based on the control as statistically significant difference. In general, both types of applications of green manure provided an increase in organic matter and total nitrogen contents of soils with respect of the control. According to research, practice and procedures in a positive effect on physical and chemical properties of soils, but the conditions of the region due to the effect of organic material that degradation quickly determined that a temporary and limited

The Effects of Organic Conditioner Applications on Some Physical Properties of Soils and Their Relations with Soil Loss in Artificial Rain Conditions

This study investigates the effects of farmyard manure, rice husk and municipal waste compost on soil quality indicators that are used for assessing susceptibility to erosion and soil loss by surface runoff. Two different soil groups, Entisol and Inceptisol, from the Minöz Basin of Samsun province were used. Organic conditioners were applied to the soils per dry weight basis in three different doses (2, 4 and 6%) in the simulation and incubation experiments conducted under greenhouse conditions. The results show that the organic conditioners improved the soil physical characteristics and reduced erodibility and soil loss. Effectiveness of the organic conditioners depend on the application dose. The least amount of soil loss was observed at the maximum dose. Municipal waste compost was more effective than rice husk compost and farmyard manure in reducing soil loss by surface runoff. It has been determined that the erosion susceptibility indices are more effective predictors at low rainfall intensities

Effects of some organic materials on bicarbonate extractable phosphate content of soils having different pH

This study was carried out to determine the effects of rice husk compost (RC), town waste compost (TW) and tobacco waste (TB) on bicarbonate extractable phosphate content (P) in soils having different pH levels under greenhouse conditions. Soil samples used in this study were taken from surfaces (0-20 cm) of agricultural fields around Samsun, Northern Anatolia. The experiment was conducted according to split plot design with four doses of organic matterials (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5, %). After a month of mixing organic matterials into soils, lettuce were grown in the medias. According to the results, RC, TW and TB applications into acidic (Tepecik), neutral (Kampüs) and alkaline (Çetinkaya) soils increased extractable P content. It was observed that effectiveness of organic matterials changed depend on soil reaction, type and dose of organic matterials. All organic wastes were more effective on increment of bicarbonate extractable phosphate content in neutral soil pH when compared the other soil pH levels

Effects of organic and inorganic amendments on soil erodibility

The objective of the present investigation is to find out the effect of incorporating of various organic and inorganic matter sources such as lime (L), zeolit (Z), polyacrylamide (PAM) and biosolid (BS) on the instability index. A bulk surface (0–20 cm depth) soil sample was taken from Samsun, in northern part of Turkey. Some soil properties were determined as follows; fine in texture, modarete in organic matter content, low in pH and free of alkaline problem. The soil samples were treated with the inorganic and organic materials at four different levels including the control treatments in a randomized factorial block design. The soil samples were incubated for ten weeks. After the incubation period, corn was grown in all pots. The results can be summarized as organic and inorganic matter treatments increased structure stability and decreased soil erodibility. Effectiveness of the treatments varied depending on the types and levels of organic and inorganic materials

Investigating of heat conductivity equation with consideration of phase change and effect of soil moisture on heat diffusivity

Phase change in soil temperature should be taken into account in application of heat conductivity equation to different soil layers. In this study, applicability of the solution in daily soil temperature change was provided with consideration of phase change in the heat conductivity equation. Root mean square error, absolute error, maximum relative error, mean bias error, and conformity index between measured and estimated temperature values of the solution of heat conductivity equation, and efficiency of the model were calculated at 10, 20 and 50 cm depths of soil. Results of statistical evaluations showed that solution of heat conductivity equation within the given boundary condition, including phase change, can be used for the prediction of daily temperature change along with soil depth. Soil heat diffusivity showed declining increase with increasing in soil moisture content, and the relationship between heat diffusivity and moisture can be expressed by the parabolic function

Effects of Conditioner Application on Some Mechanical Properties in Soils with Different pH

This study was carried out to determine the effects of rice husk compost, town waste compost and tobacco waste on mechanical properties of soil under greenhouse conditions. Soil samples used in the study were taken from surface (0-20 cm) the lands near Samsun province and districts. These soil samples were fine to moderate in texture, acid, neutral and alkaline in pH, low in salt content, low to moderate in organic matter content, and low to high in lime content. The organic sources were applied into soils with four doses (0%, 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5%) and two replicates. After four months of incubation period, lettuce plants were grown in the soils. The results show that applications of rice husk compost, town waste compost and tobacco waste in acidic, neutral and alkaline soils significantly increased the liquid limit and plastic limit values with respect to application doses. These treatments significantly decreased shrinkage and coefficient of linear extensibility values. It was determined that these effects varied based on pH level, and the type and application doses of organic sources