Skuteczność oznaczania parametrów morfologii w diagnostyce ciąży ektopowej jajowodowej

Objective: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is the major cause of maternal morbidity and is responsible for maternal mortality in the first trimester. In order to reduce undesirable results, it is necessary to find rapid and accurate, non-surgical diagnostic tests for EP. The goal of the study was to investigate the differences in complete blood count parameters between tubal EPs and healthy pregnancies in be used in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Study design: White blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, monocyte, lymphocyte, platelet (PLT) counts, mean PLT volume (MPV) and PLT distribution width (PDW) levels in the complete blood count samples have been obtained from subjects with diagnosed tubal EP (n=78; study group) and women with healthy intrauterine gestations (n=79; control group). Statistical comparisons between groups were performed using the t test. Results: PDW levels were found to be significantly higher in the control group than EP (pCel: Ciąża ektopowa (EP) jest główną przyczyną śmiertelności matek w pierwszym trymestrze ciąży. Aby zmniejszyć niekorzystne wyniki tej choroby, konieczne jest znalezienie szybkiego i właściwego testu nieoperacyjnego służącego do rozpoznania EP. Celem badania była ocena różnic w wynikach morfologii pomiędzy pacjentkami z ciążą ektopową a zdrowymi ciężarnymi. Materiał i metoda: W próbkach pełnej krwi zbadano następujące parametry: leukocyty (WBC), neutrofile, monocyty, limfocyty, płytki krwi (PLT), średnią objętość płytki krwi (MPV), szerokość rozdziału płytek (PDW) u pacjentek z rozpoznaną ciążą jajowodową (n=78, grupa badana) oraz u zdrowych ciężarnych (n=79, grupa kontrolna). Analiza statystyczna porównująca obie grupy została wykonana przy pomocy testu t. Wyniki: PDW był istotnie wyższy w grupie kontrolnej niż w grupie EP (

Anti-inflamatuvar lipid medyatörler ve mezenkimal kök hücrelerin immünomodülatuvar etkileri arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması

Mezenkimal kök hücreler (MKH) başlangıçta kemik iliğinden izole edilmiş ve takibinde yapılan çok sayıda araştırma ile yağ dokusu, diş dokuları, fetal dokular gibi değişik kaynaklardan izole edilen yetişkin kök hücreleridir. Bu hücreler kıkırdak, kemik ve yağ hücreleri gibi destek dokularına farklılaşabilmektedir. Ancak onların en önemli kullanım alanları eşsiz immünomodülasyon yeteneklerinden dolayı ölümcül akut graft versus host disease (GVHD) başta olmak üzere farklı otoimmün hastalıklardır. Bu çalışma ile anti-inflamatuvar lipid medyatörler olan Lipoksin A4 ve Resolvin D1 moleküllerinin MKH’lerin immünomodülasyon yeteneklerine olan etkilerini araştırmayı amaçladık. Bu amaçla yağ dokusu kökenli MKH’ler ile aktive edilmiş periferik kan mononükleer hücreleri (PBMC) farklı efektör:target oranlarında ko-kültür ettik. Lipoksin A4 ve Resolvin D1 etkinliğini daha iyi anlamak için MKH’lere 15-lipoksijenaz (15-LOX) genini kodlayan plazmit transfeksiyonu yapılarak aynı deneyleri tekrarladık. Etkinlikleri kıyaslamak için hücre kültürü süpernatantlarından Lipoksin A4, Resolvin D1, IFN-g, IL-4, IL-10 ve IL-17a düzeylerini ELISA yöntemi ile tespit ettik. Bulgularımıza göre Lipoksin A4’ün MKH’lerin immünomodülasyon yeteneklerini özellikle yüksek E:T oranlarında arttırabildiğini gözlemledik. 15-LOX trasnfeksiyonu yapılan hücrelerin immünmodülasyon etkilerinin naive MKH’lere göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek olduğunu gözlemledik. Sonuç olarak, Lipoksin A4 ve Resolvin D1 moleküllerinin naive MKH’lerin immünomodülasyon yetenekleri üzerinde direk bir etki oluşturmayabileceğini, ancak bu moleküllerin sentezlerinde direk rol alan 15-LOX enzimini eksprese eden MKH’lerin normal hücrelerden daha üstün bir etkiye sahip olduklarını bulduk. Daha kesin sonuçlara ulaşmak için in-vitro deneyler ile bulduğumuz bu verilerin in-vivo modeller ile desteklenmesine gereksinim bulunmaktadır.Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that initially isolated from bone marrow and after the large number of follow-up studies they also could isolated from a variety of sources, including fat tissue, dental tissues, fetal tissues. These cells can differentiate into the mesenchymal cells such as cartilage, bone and fat cells. However, due to their unique immunomodulation ability, they are used in the clinic, especially lethal acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) and different autoimmune diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of anti-inflammatory lipid mediators Lipoxin A4 and Resolvin D1 molecules, on the immunomodulation ability of MSCs. For this purpose, we co-cultured activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with adipose tissue-derived MSCs at different effector: target ratios. In order to better understand the efficacy of Lipoxin A4 and Resolvin D1 we were repeated the same experiments by conducting a plasmid transfection encoding the 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) gene in MSCs. In order to compare the activities, we were determined the levels of Lipoxin A4, Resolvin D1, IFN-g, IL- 4, IL-10 and IL-17a from cell culture supernatants by ELISA. According to our findings, we observed that Lipoxin A4 increased the immunomodulation ability of MSCs especially at high E:T ratios. We observed that the immunomodulation effects of 15-LOX transfected cells were significantly higher than the naive MSCs. In conclusion, we have found that Lipoxin A4 and Resolvin D1 molecules may not have a direct effect on the immunomodulation ability of naive MSCs, but that MSCs expressing 15- LOX enzyme, which plays a direct role in the synthesis of these molecules, may show a superior effect compared with normal cells. In order to reach more accurate results, we need to support our data with in-vivo models

Comparison Between Predialysis and Hemodialysis Patients Regarding the Cardiac Structure and Functions and the Related Factors

Aim: In our study we compared the structure and functions of the heart between predialysis and hemodialysis patients and investigated the related factors. Methods: This study included a total of 105 patients (mean age: 18-75 years): 51 on continuous hemodialysis and 54 predialysis subjects followed by the Nephrology Clinic and not yet involved in dialysis program. Laboratory data showing calcium-phosphorus metabolism disorders and transthoracic echocardiography results were evaluated. Results: Serum parathormone, phosphorus, calcium x phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly higher in the dialysis group compared to the predialysis group (p<0.001). No statistical difference was found between the groups with regard to median values of ejection fraction, mean values of left ventricular hypertrophy index and frequencies of diastolic dysfunction, and valve calcifications. Conclusion: Since predialysis group had higher smoking rate (29.6%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels [122 (100-148) mg/dL] and body mass index (27.6±3.8 kg/m2) and had been receiving systemic drugs in different ratios, the two groups were not similar regarding the traditional risk factors; thus, this may be the explanation for finding no statistical difference in echocardiographic parameters. Besides investigating all the factors involved in the pathogenesis of disease, echocardiographic evaluation should be done periodically in both predialysis and dialysis patients. (The Medical Bulletin of Haseki 2011; 49: 20-5

The Expressions of Cancer Stem Cell Markers and Non- classical HLA antigens in Breast Tumors

Amaç: Kanser kök hücreler (KKH) ile kötü prognoz, metastaz ve rekürens arasında güçlü bir ilişki vardır. Buna ek olarak KKH'ler kemoterapi ve radyoterapiye dirençli hücrelerdir. Bu nedenle mevcut tedavi yaklaşımları KKH'lerin eliminasyonunda yetersiz kalabilmektedir. Tümör hücrelerinin immün hücrelerden kaçabilmek için çeşitli adaptasyonları bulunur. Ekspresyonları fetal dokularla kısıtlı olan human leukocyte antigen (HLA) G ve ayrıca HLA-E, tümör immün evazif adaptasyonlardır. Bu çalışmada meme tümörlerinde KKH ve immün evazif adaptasyonlar arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçladık. Yöntemler: İleri evre meme kanseri dokuları (n=10) ile malign olmayan meme tümörü dokularında (n=10) immünohistokimyasal olarak cluster of differentiation (CD)44, CD133, Homeobox protein Nanog, octamer-binding transcription factor (Oct)3/4, HLA-G ve HLA-E ekspresyonlarını değerlendirdik. Bulgular: Özellikle Nanog (p<0,001) olmak üzere, CD44 (p<0,001), CD133 (p<0,001) ve Oct3/4 (p<0,001) ekspresyonlarının ileri evre meme tümör grubunda anlamlı olarak arttığını ancak HLA-G (p<0.001) ve HLA-E'nin (p<0,001) azaldığını tespit ettik. Sonuç: Malign tümörlerde tespit ettiğimiz eş zamanlı ve artmış KKH belirteçleri bu tümörlerde KKH benzeri hücrelerin varlığına ve KKH'ler ile malignite arasında bir ilişki olabileceğini düşündürdü. Öte yandan, malign olmayan meme tümörlerinde daha yüksek tespit ettiğimiz HLA-G ve HLA-E, bu tümörlerin beklenilenin aksine malign tümörlerden daha immün evazif olabileceğini düşündürdü. Elde ettiğimiz bu verilerin gelecekte yapılacak prospektif çalışmalar ile doğrulanmasında ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır.Objective: There is a strong relationship between the cancer stem cells (CSCs) and poor prognosis, metastasis and recurrence. In addition to this CSCs are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore, current treatment approaches may be ineffective to elimination of CSCs. The tumor cells have various adaptations for escaping from immune cells. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) -G, which expressions restricted with fetal tissues and HLA-E are kind of tumor immune evasive adaptations. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the CSCs and immune evasive adaptations of breast tumors. Methods: We immunohistochemically evaluated that the expressions of cluster of differentiation (CD) 44, CD133, Homeobox protein Nanog, octamerbinding transcription factor (Oct) 3/4, HLA-G and HLA-E in the advanced stage breast cancer tissues (n=10) and the non-malignant breast biopsies (n=10). Results: We detected that the significantly increased expressions of especially Nanog (p<0.001) and also CD44 (p<0.001), CD133 (p<0.001) and Oct3/4 (p<0.001) in the advanced stage breast tumor group compared with non-malignant breast biopsies group, but the HLA-G (p<0.001) and HLA-E (p<0.001) decreased. Conclusion: These findings suggested that, malignant breast tumors may have CSC-like cells, and these cells may play role for occurring malignant behavior. To proliferation and tumor formation, the immune evasion is essential for both of malignant and benign tumors. Higher expressions of HLA-G and HLA-E may be an indication that the nonmalign tumors more immune evasive than the malign tumors. However, further prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings

Meme Tümörlerinde Kanser Kök Hücre Belirteçleri ve Non-classic HLA Antijenlerinin Ekspresyonları

Objective: There is a strong relationship between the cancer stem cells (CSCs) and poor prognosis, metastasis and recurrence. In addition to this CSCs are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore, current treatment approaches may be ineffective to elimination of CSCs. The tumor cells have various adaptations for escaping from immune cells. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) -G, which expressions restricted with fetal tissues and HLA-E are kind of tumor immune evasive adaptations. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the CSCs and immune evasive adaptations of breast tumors. Methods: We immunohistochemically evaluated that the expressions of cluster of differentiation (CD) 44, CD133, Homeobox protein Nanog, octamerbinding transcription factor (Oct) 3/4, HLA-G and HLA-E in the advanced stage breast cancer tissues (n=10) and the non-malignant breast biopsies (n=10). Results: We detected that the significantly increased expressions of especially Nanog (p0.001) and also CD44 (p0.001), CD133 (p0.001) and Oct3/4 (p0.001) in the advanced stage breast tumor group compared with non-malignant breast biopsies group, but the HLA-G (p0.001) and HLA-E (p0.001) decreased. Conclusion: These findings suggested that, malignant breast tumors may have CSC-like cells, and these cells may play role for occurring malignant behavior. To proliferation and tumor formation, the immune evasion is essential for both of malignant and benign tumors. Higher expressions of HLA-G and HLA-E may be an indication that the nonmalign tumors more immune evasive than the malign tumors. However, further prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.Amaç: Kanser kök hücreler (KKH) ile kötü prognoz, metastaz ve rekürens arasında güçlü bir ilişki vardır. Buna ek olarak KKH'ler kemoterapi ve radyoterapiye dirençli hücrelerdir. Bu nedenle mevcut tedavi yaklaşımları KKH'lerin eliminasyonunda yetersiz kalabilmektedir. Tümör hücrelerinin immün hücrelerden kaçabilmek için çeşitli adaptasyonları bulunur. Ekspresyonları fetal dokularla kısıtlı olan human leukocyte antigen (HLA) G ve ayrıca HLA-E, tümör immün evazif adaptasyonlardır. Bu çalışmada meme tümörlerinde KKH ve immün evazif adaptasyonlar arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçladık. Yöntemler: İleri evre meme kanseri dokuları (n=10) ile malign olmayan meme tümörü dokularında (n=10) immünohistokimyasal olarak cluster of differentiation (CD)44, CD133, Homeobox protein Nanog, octamer-binding transcription factor (Oct)3/4, HLA-G ve HLA-E ekspresyonlarını değerlendirdik. Bulgular: Özellikle Nanog (p0,001) olmak üzere, CD44 (p0,001), CD133 (p0,001) ve Oct3/4 (p0,001) ekspresyonlarının ileri evre meme tümör grubunda anlamlı olarak arttığını ancak HLA-G (p0.001) ve HLA-E'nin (p0,001) azaldığını tespit ettik. Sonuç: Malign tümörlerde tespit ettiğimiz eş zamanlı ve artmış KKH belirteçleri bu tümörlerde KKH benzeri hücrelerin varlığına ve KKH'ler ile malignite arasında bir ilişki olabileceğini düşündürdü. Öte yandan, malign olmayan meme tümörlerinde daha yüksek tespit ettiğimiz HLA-G ve HLA-E, bu tümörlerin beklenilenin aksine malign tümörlerden daha immün evazif olabileceğini düşündürdü. Elde ettiğimiz bu verilerin gelecekte yapılacak prospektif çalışmalar ile doğrulanmasında ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır

Blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 Axis May Improve NK-92 CellInhibition Caused by Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Objectives: In this study, it was aimed to investigate how the effects of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the anti tumor properties of NK-92 cells change with programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) blocking antibodies. Methods: NK-92 cells were co-cultured with MDA-MB-231 breast tumor cells and MSCs. To evaluate the effect of anti PD-L1 antibodies, cells were cultured for 48 hours with and without the addition of 1, 5, and 10 µg/ml anti PD-L1antibody. IFN-?, TNF-?, IL-10 and IDO levels of medium supernatants were determined by ELISA. CCK-8 kit was used toevaluate cytotoxic activity. Results: IFN-? and TNF-? expressions of NK-92 cells co-cultured with MDA-MB-231 increased significantly, but thisincrease was significantly decreased in culture groups with MSCs. IDO expressions increased significantly in co-culturegroups with MSCs only. Cytotoxic effects of NK-92 cells were significantly reduced in culture groups with MSCs. How ever, the suppression effects caused by MSCs improved in the presence of anti-PD-L1 antibodies and in a dose depen dent manner. Conclusion: In our findings, we found that MSCs are a highly effective inhibitors, and the IDO enzyme they secrete mayplay a major role in this. However, the suppressive effects caused by MSCs may be significantly improved by blockingthe PD-1/PD-L1 axis