The effect of fermentation process on bioactive properties, essential oil composition and phenolic constituents of raw fresh and fermented sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) leaves

800-804The influence of fermentation on antioxidant activity, total phenol, total flavonoid and phenolic compounds of sea fennel and also volatile compounds of sea fennel essential oil was investigated and compared with fresh samples. Antioxidant activity, total fenolic and flavonoid contents decresed from 89.79 to 63.13%; from 259.58 to 77.92 mg/100 g; from 2114.67 to 390.50 mg/100 g, respectively. Twenty-six and thirty-three components of sea fennel oils were identified in raw and fermented sea fennel, accounting to about 99.99% and 99.44% of the total oil, respectively. The raw and fermented sea fennel leaves contained 22.31 and 1.32% sabinene, 12.08% and 7.45% limonene, 10.30% and 11.61% β-phellandrene, 8.59% and 9.17% (Z)-β-ocimene, 7.08% and 3.55% α-pinene, 28.36% and 42.05% γ-terpinene, 2.57% and 8.64% terpinene-4-ol, respectively. Dominant phenolic compounds were (+)-catechin, gallic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and p-coumaric acid. Generally, all of the phenolic compounds reduced the effect of microorganisms during,. However, essential oil contents of sea fennel were not effected from fermentation process

The effect of fermentation process on bioactive properties, essential oil composition and phenolic constituents of raw fresh and fermented sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) leaves

The influence of fermentation on antioxidant activity, total phenol, total flavonoid and phenolic compounds of sea fennel and also volatile compounds of sea fennel essential oil was investigated and compared with fresh samples. Antioxidant activity, total fenolic and flavonoid contents decresed from 89.79 to 63.13%; from 259.58 to 77.92 mg/100 g; from 2114.67 to 390.50 mg/100 g, respectively. Twenty-six and thirty-three components of sea fennel oils were identified in raw and fermented sea fennel, accounting to about 99.99% and 99.44% of the total oil, respectively. The raw and fermented sea fennel leaves contained 22.31 and 1.32% sabinene, 12.08% and 7.45% limonene, 10.30% and 11.61% β-phellandrene, 8.59% and 9.17% (Z)-β-ocimene, 7.08% and 3.55% α-pinene, 28.36% and 42.05% γ-terpinene, 2.57% and 8.64% terpinene-4-ol, respectively. Dominant phenolic compounds were (+)-catechin, gallic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and p-coumaric acid. Generally, all of the phenolic compounds reduced the effect of microorganisms during,. However, essential oil contents of sea fennel were not effected from fermentation process

Primary ovarian pregnancy: A case report and review of the literature

Ovarian pregnancy is the most common type of non-tubal ectopic pregnancy. The diagnostic criteria for ovarian pregnacy were described by Spiegelberg. We report a 31-year-old patient with secondary amenorrhea after a first trimester pregnancy termination. The patient underwent laparoscopic operation for the right ovarian cyst and the mass on the posterior surface of the uterus. Subsequently histopathologic examination of the Iaparoscopicaiiy extirpated cyst revealed an ovarian pregnancy.Ovarian gebelik en sık görülen non-tubal ektopik gebeliktir. Ovarian gebeliğin tanı kriterleri Spiegelberg tarafından tanımlanmıştır. 31 yaşında bayan hasta ilk trimester gebelik vonlanması sonrasında sekonder amenore ile kliniğimize başvurdu. Hastaya sağ överde mevcut olan sağ over kisti ve uterus arkasındaki lezyon için laparoskopi uygulandı. Laparoskopik olarak çıkarılan kistin histopatoiojik incelemesi ovarian gebelik olarak geldi

The Oil Yield, Mineral Content, and Fatty Acid Compositions of Some Rye (Secale cereale) Grains

The oil contents of rye grain seeds ranged from 0.70% (type 25) to 3.92 % (type 1). Palmitic acid contents of oils changed between 10.82% (type 26) and 22.43% (type 10). In addition, while oleic acid contents of oil samples vary between 20.61% (type 17) and 37.86% (type 3), linoleic acid contents of oils changed between 18.91% (type 3) to 54.0% (type 13). Also, linolenic acid contents of oil samples were found between 2.43% (type 1) and 8.34% (type 26). Total saturated fatty acid contents of oil samples changed between 15.57% (typ 26) and 34.38% (type 1). K contents of rye grains were found between 3810.31 mg/kg (type 2) and 6148.28 mg/kg (type 17). While P contents of grains vary between 1806.43 mg/kg (5) and 3710.25 mg/kg (18), Mg contents of samples ranged from 962.87 mg/kg (type 5) to 1602.33 mg/kg (type 12). The highest Ca content was determined in 14 samples (1447.96 mg/kg). The crude protein contents of rye grains ranged from 10.08% (type 1) to 15.25% (type 3). As a result, rye grain is rich in minerals and essential fatty acids for human health.Selcuk University Scientific Research Project (S.U.-BAP, Konya-TURKEY)Selcuk UniversityThis work was supported by Selcuk University Scientific Research Project (S.U.-BAP, Konya-TURKEY)

The investigation of bioactive compounds of wine, grape juice and boiled grape juice wastes

In this study, bioactive compounds, oil, sugar, fatty acid, and mineral contents of grape wastes (pomace, skin, and seeds) obtained from wine, grape juice, and boilled grape juice production were investigated. Total phenol and tannin contents of grape by-products varied between 31.2 mgGAE/g (molasses skin) and 98.97 mgGAE/g (wine seed); 96.93 mgTAE/g (grape juice pomace) and 138.67 mgTAE/g (molasses pomace), respectively. The highest (377.57 g/kg) and lowest (20.00 g/kg) total sugars were determined in molasses and wine skin wastes, respectively. Epicatechin contents of samples were found between 439.67 mg/kg (molasses skin) and 3,444.57 mg/kg (molasses seed). The lowest and highest linoleic acids were determined in molasses skin oil (40.00%) and grape juice skin oil (51.10%). alpha-Tocopherol contents of wine by-product oils changed between 3.35 mg/kg (seed) and 6.42 mg/kg (pomace). The lowest and highest P contents were determined in molasses skin (17,563 mg/kg) and wine seed (29,634 mg/kg), respectively. Practical applications The residue may represent from 13.5 to 14.5% at the total volume of grapes, and may reach 20%. The most abundant phenolic compound in wine pomace is anthocyanins concentrated in the skin, and flavonols present mostly in the grape seed (56-65% total flavonol). Grape is a phenol-rich plant, and these phenolics are mainly distributed in the skin, stem, leaf, and seed of grape, rather than their juicy middle sections. Skins and seeds of grapes are produced in large quantities by the winemaking industry. These by-products have become valuable raw materials due to their high content of polyphenols, tocols, and other macro- and micronutrients. Seed and skins of grape produced in large quantities by the wine making industry have become valuable raw materials for extraction of polyphenols

Determination of Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic Compound, Mineral Contents and Fatty Acid Compositions of Bee Pollen Grains Collected from Different Locations

The objective of the present work was to investigate the influence of locations on bioactive propertiest, phenolic compounds and mineral contents of bee pollens. The oil content of pollen grains changed between 3.50% (Alanya) and 6.85% (Russia-Perm Region). The highest total phenolic content (720 mg/100g) and antioxidant activity values (81.4%) were observed in pollens obtained from the Russia-Perm Region and Alanya districts, respectively. Additionally, the highest carotenoid was found in a pollen sample collected from Karaman (Sarıveliler) (98.6 mg/g). The major phenolic compounds were (+)-catechin (66.75-337.39 mg/100g) and quercetin (61.2-1221.7 mg/100g) in all pollen samples. The pollen samples were observed to be a significant source of potassium (3846-6287 mg/kg), phosphorus (2947-5010 mg/kg), calcium (1022-2424 mg/kg) and sulfur (1744-2397 mg/kg). All of the analysis results were significantly affected by supplying locations. The antioxidant activity values of pollens were found partly similar and varied depending on locations. The content of saturated fatty acid (palmitic) was high (20-30%) in the tested pollen samples but did not exceed the content of linoleic acid