OPINIONS OF MATHEMATICS TEACHERS AND PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS ABOUT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MATHEMATICS AND CULTURE

When the studies aimed at determining the relationship between 'mathematics' and 'culture' are scanned, although there are many researches carried out worldwide, the researches carried out in our country are quite few. The research aims to determine the perspectives of mathematics teachers and teacher candidates on the relationship between 'Mathematics' and 'Culture' and is important in terms of making a contribution to the field literature on ethnomathematics and cultural mathematics. The participants are 34 mathematics teacher candidates who have taken the "Mathematics and Culture" course and 32 mathematics teachers who are actively working at various. A form consisting of 4 open-ended questions was used. The qualitative data obtained from the answers to these questions were evaluated through content analysis. At the end of the application, it shows that teachers and teacher candidates know the ways to recognize culture and intercultural situations and that the teacher candidates who are not aware of these situations are more than the teachers. Both teachers and teacher candidates see cultural diversity as a privilege that is positive, useful and can develop people both socially and individually. When asked about the contributions of cultural diversity to mathematics education, they agreed that both teachers and teacher candidates will develop students socially, increase course efficiency and provide permanent and meaningful learning, and develop the mind individually and create a rich perspective. However, teachers had more negative ideas about the reflection of cultural diversity in their classrooms on mathematics education than teacher candidates and stated that students would have problems with adaptation, disagreements, and communication problems would increase.  Article visualizations

Subcutaneous rifampicin versus povidone-iodine for the prevention of incisional surgical site infections following gynecologic oncology surgery — a prospective, randomized, controlled trial

Objectives: Surgical site infection (SSI) following gynecologic oncology surgery is a severe problem for both patientand surgeon in terms of increasing morbidity, length of hospital stay, anxiety, and costs. In this prospective, randomized,controlled study we investigated the effect of subcutaneous rifampicin and povidone-iodine on incisional SSI followinggynecologic oncology surgery.Material and methods: Three hundred patients scheduled for abdominal surgery due to any malign gynecological pathologywere randomly assigned into one of three groups of 100 members each, as follows: the subcutaneous tissue wasirrigated with saline in Group 1; saline + 10% povidone iodine in Group 2; saline + rifampicin in Group 3. Patients wereinvited to follow-up once every 10 days in a 30-day period for evaluation. Patients who developed a superficial incisionalSSI were recorded.Results: No significant relationship was observed between the SSI and the subcutaneous agents used (p = 0.332). It wasobserved that there was a statistically significant increase in the rate of incisional surgical site infections as the periodof hospitalization (p = 0.044), patient’s age (p = 0.003), existence of comorbidities (p = 0.001), and perioperative bloodtransfusion (p = 0.021) increased.Conclusions: Subcutaneous agents are not effective in preventing surgical site infections after gynecologic oncologysurgeries. Further large-scale prospective randomized controlled studies may provide other options to prevent SSIs

Vascular and structural alterations of the choroid evaluated by optical coherence tomography angiography and enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography in eyes with reticular pseudodrusen and soft drusen

Background: To assess the vascularity of choriocapillaris and structural choroidal differences in eyes with reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) and soft drusen. Methods: 21 eyes with RPD (group 1), 17 eyes with soft drusen (group 2), and 19 eyes as a control group (group 3) were included in this study. Choriocapillaris vascular density and flow area were measured by optical coherence tomography angiography. Total choroidal area, luminal area, stromal area, and lumen/stroma ratios were measured on optical coherence tomography B-scans converted to binary images. Results: Mean choriocapillaris vascular density was higher in group 3 than other groups (group 1 vs 3, p = 0.001; group 2 vs 3, p = 0.003). Mean flow area in choriocapillaris was higher in group 3 than other groups (group 1 vs 3, p = 0.001; group 2 vs 3, p = 0.001). Mean luminal, stromal, and total choroidal areas decreased in group 1 and group 2 compared to controls (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). The stroma ratio decreased in group 1 compared to group 3 (p = 0.013). The lumen ratio and lumen/stroma ratio increased in group 1 compared to group 3 (p = 0.012 and p = 0.008, respectively). Conclusions: The choroid of eyes with RPD and soft drusen was affected in both choriocapillaris and whole choroid layer. © 2021 Elsevier B.V

New Generation Peptide-Based Vaccine Prototype

Synthetic peptide-based vaccine prototypes are the future potential vaccination. Antigens, which belong to minimal microbial component and produce antibodies such as peptides and polysaccharides, can promote long-term protection against pathogens that can cause infectious diseases. Production of peptides becomes simple with solid phase peptide synthesis and microwave-assisted solid phase peptide synthesis using automatic synthesizers. The use of synthetic peptides was approved by the health authorities for vaccine design. Peptides are themselves very weak immunogens and need adjuvants to provide an effective autoimmune response. For this reason, peptide antigens are conjugated with biopolymers and loaded with nanoparticles. The toxicity of vaccine prototypes is evaluated in cell culture, and non-toxic prototypes are selected for vaccinating experimental animals. The most effective peptide-based vaccine prototype is determined as the one with the highest antibody level. The goal of this book chapter is to illustrate the use of peptides vaccine systems and present their opportunities with their future development

The effectiveness of intracytoplasmic sperm injection combined with piezoelectric stimulation in infertile couples with total fertilization failure

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) combined with piezoelectric stimulation in infertile couples with a history of total fertilization failure (TFF). Design: Prospective controlled trial. Setting: Clinical IVF laboratory. Patient(s): Seventy-one couples undergoing ICSI on sibling oocytes having at least one previous ICSI attempt with TFF. Intervention(s): ICSI or ICSI with piezoelectric activation. Main Outcome Measure(s): Fertilization rate. Result(s): The patients were allocated to two groups: group I included 21 patients with only one previous TFF and group II included 50 patients with more than one previous TFF. Collectively, a total of 823 metaphase II (MII) oocytes were retrieved in 78 oocyte retrievals. In Group I, combined ICSI with piezoelectric stimulation was applied to 123/211 (58.2%) of MII oocytes (group IA), whereas standard ICSI procedure was applied to 88/211 (41.8%) of MII oocytes (group IB). The fertilization rate was 62% and 12% in group IA and group IB respectively. In group II, piezoelectric activation was applied in all 612 MII oocytes, of which 296 (48.3%) were fertilized. The rates for implantation and pregnancy/embryo transfer were obtained as 30.6% and 44.1%, respectively. Conclusion(s): Piezoelectric activation seems to improve IVF outcome in patients with previous TFF history

Okul Öncesi Öğretmen Adaylarının Çocuk Gelişimi ile ilgili İnançlarında Değişim ve Durağanlıklar

Çocuk gelişimini bilmek ve anlamak, okul öncesi eğitimi öğretmenleri için mesleklerini iyi yapabilmek için temel bir unsurdur.  Bu araştırmada okul öncesi eğitimi öğretmen adaylarının gelişim inançlarında üniversite eğitimi sürecinde meydana gelen değişimler ya da durağanlıklar incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın örneklemini 538 birinci ve dördüncü sınıfa devam etmekte olan okul öncesi öğretmenliği öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. İlişkisel tarama modelinin kullanıldığı bu araştırmada, veriler; Gelişim Hakkındaki İnançlar Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde iki yönlü MANOVA kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, dört yıl boyunca öğretmen adaylarının olgunlaşmacı inançlarının azaldığını ve bilişsel inançlarının artığını, katılımcı üç üniversitede öğrencilerin gelişimle ilgili inançları birbirinden farklı olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu bulgular doğrultusunda öneriler sunulmuştu

The efficacy of three regimes of uterotonic agents for prevention of postpartum blood loss at undergoing cesarean section: a prospective randomized clinical trial

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of three regimes of uterotonic agents on PPH in women undergoing cesarean section in our RCT. Material and methods: This study was a randomized controlled study (NCT05083910) performed at the Bezmialem Vakif University between July 2021 and January 2022. All women were randomly allocated into three groups: Group I (n = 52) — oxytocin only; Group II (n = 52) — the combination of oxytocin plus intrauterine misoprostol; Group III (n = 52) — carbetocin only. The primary outcome measures were: PPH to evaluate with the change between the concentrations of preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin, hematocrit and intraoperative blood loss. Results: The blood loss characteristics, including the change in hemoglobin and the change in hematocrit concentration, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative additional hemostatic uterine sutures and the need for additional uterotonics, were lowest in group III, although all groups were comparable in terms of blood loss parameters. Group III had the highest blood loss ratio, exceeding 1000 mL. For the combination of oxytocin and intrauterine misoprostol, the ARR was 3.8% (95% CI 20.02–12.33), with a RR of 1.18 (95% CI 0.58–2.39) and a NNT of 26 (95% CI 8.1–4.9); for carbetocin, the ARR was 5.8% (95% CI 22.15–10.61), with a RR of 1.27 (95% CI 0.63–2.53) and a NNT of 17 (95% CI 9.41–4.51). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that carbetocin shows no superiority in the prevention of PPH in women undergoing cesarean section. Oxytocin still seems to be a highly effective alternative to prevent PPH

The potential role of preoperative cystoscopy for determining the depth of invasion in the placenta accreta spectrum

Objectives: This study aims to determine the role of preoperative cystoscopy in specifying the degree of placental invasion to the bladder in the placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), especially in percreta. Material and methods: This prospective observational cohort study included 78 PAS patients. All included patients underwent the preoperative cystoscopy before the cesarean hysterectomy operation. The preoperative cystoscopy procedure identified markers of PAS as neovascularization, arterial pulsatility in neovascularized zones, and posterior bladder wall bulging. Then the patients were divided into subgroups according to the histopathological results of their cesarean hysterectomy specimens. Finally, the histopathological subgroups of PAS were estimated using preoperative cystoscopy signs in the designed logistic regression analysis model. Results: The preoperative cystoscopic signs such as neovascularization, the posterior bladder wall bulging, and the arterial pulsatility in neovascularized zones were approximately associated with a 17-fold [OR = 16.9, 95 (95% CI, 5.7–49.8)], 26-fold [OR = 26.1 (95% CI, 8.17–83.8)], and 9-fold [OR = 8.94 (95% CI, 2.94–27.1)] increased likelihood of placenta percreta, respectively. Conclusions: Preoperative cystoscopy may significantly supply contributions to other standard imaging modalities to identify the degree of placental invasion, especially placenta percreta. Experienced obstetricians trained in hysteroscopic visualization may safely perform this preoperative cystoscopy procedure under the guidance of a specialist urologist. Accordingly, it may be possible to preoperative estimate the degree of invasion and the course of surgery in patients with PAS using the preoperative cystoscopy procedure

New Diagnosis and Treatment Approaches to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition and disorder causing psychological deterioration triggered by terrifying events or traumatic experiences either by experiencing or by witnessing it. Though many people have common feelings, PTSD symptoms vary from one person to another. So it is strongly recommended to focus on new diagnostic and therapeutic methods relying and structured on a neurobiological dimension by collecting and processing neuroimaging data. It is crucial to make a profound analysis of PTSD in terms of its ontological, biological, developmental, psychological, and sociological aspects. Both with the new treatment opportunities and involvement of in silico-based artificial intelligence applications, new psychotherapy techniques and new discourses in digital media will be possible. Within the scope of the study, ontological discussions are followed and juxtaposed by Neuro-Biological Perspectives on Genomics and Epigenomics as well as the clinical and neuro-imaginative perspectives and clinical overviews of PTSD. Besides, the neuro-developmental views in the context of children along with adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and their relation to PTSD are analyzed by emphasizing the significance of brain development. Sociological aspects of PTSD in the digital habitus are collocated to develop unique therapy approaches that embrace sociological perspectives of Information Society