Determination of the pathotype group of Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov, 1981) population and resistance of H. populations against wheat genotypes [Tahil kist nematodu, Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov, 1981) Stelter'nin patotipinin belirlenmesi ve bugday genotiplerinin, H. filipjevi populasyonlarina karşi dayanikliliklarinin araştirilmasi1]

The international pathotype differential lines were used to determine the pathotype group of Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov, 1981) Stelter population collected from Yozgat province, Turkey. The reaction of H. filipjevi Yozgat population on the differential lines indicated they were different than the other 5 known H. filipjevi pathotypes. Futherwork was conducted with these H. filipjevi populations to assess the usabilitiy of known published Cereal Cyst Nematode (CCN) resistance genes against a closely related species and pathotypes of Heterodera avenae Wollenweber, 1924. Several of these wheat lines known to possess resistance against H. avenae pathotypes and also the Haymana H. filipjevi populations did not exhibit resistance against H. filipjevi Yozgat populations

Investigation on virulence of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919), M. arenaria (Neal, 1889) and M. javanica (Treub, 1885) (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) populations on resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919), M. arenaria (Neal, 1889) ve M. javanica (Treub, 1885) (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) populasyonlarinin dayanikli ve hassas domates çeşitlerinde virülenslig inin araştirilmasi1]

Different populations of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949, Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal, 1889) Chitwood and Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949 were used to study whether virulent populations exist using resistant Malike F1 and susceptible Picasso tomato cultivars. From different parts of Turkey, 8, 13 and 7 populations of M. incognita, M. arenaria and M. javanica were used, respectively. Result showed that none of these populations belonging to three different root-knot nematode species were able to overcome the resistance controlled by single dominant gene Mi in tomato, indicating that populations were not virulent. Gal index was <2 (0-1.75) in resistant cultivar Malike F1 and between 4 and 5 in susceptible cultivar Picasso that resided between 225-3080 second stage juveniles / plant whereas resistant cultivar did not reside any second stage juveniles

Identification of the Root-knot nematode species (Meloidogyne spp.) (Nemata: Meloidogynidae) collected from different parts of Turkey by moleculer and morphological methods [Türkiye'nin farkli alanlarindan alinan Kök-ur nematodu türlerinin (Meloidogyne spp.) (Nemata: Meloidogynidae) moleküler ve morfolojik tanilama ile belirlenmesi1]

The objective of this study was to identify the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) samples, by molecular and morphological methods that have been collected from different regions of Turkey. The seventy-nine root-knot nematode samples were first homogenized by inoculating susceptible tomato cultivar 'Simita F1' with single egg masses. Then, second stage larvae obtained from homogenized-egg masses were used for DNA isolation. The molecular identification of the samples were conducted with species-specific SCAR (sequence characterized amplified region) and PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) markers. The morphological identification of the samples were carried out using dissected-fixed vulva of female and second stage larvae collected from susceptible tomatoes (homogenized samples). Results showed that four root-knot nematode species, Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal, 1889) Chitwood and Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden, O'Bannon, Santo et Finley, 1980 were the most common in Turkey. Of the 79 samples, 28 (35%), 22 (28%), 21 (27%), and 8 (10%) were identified molecular and morphological methods to be M. javanica, M. incognita, M. arenaria and M. chitwoodi, respectively. It was determined that all the samples collected from potato crop in mid-Anatolia were belong to M. chitwoodi

Detection of the Mi-1.2 gene for resistance to root-knot-nematode (Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood) in tomato by SCAR marker, Mi23 [Domateste Kök ur nematodu (Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood)'na dayaniklilik saglayan Mi-1.2 geninin Mi23 SCAR markiri ile belirlenmesi]

Root-knot nematodes have wide range of host plants and cause important yield looses in many crop plants. The resistance gene Mi was introduced to the cultivated tomatoes from wild tomato species Solanum peruvianum in 1940. The gene confers resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal, 1889) Chitwood, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood and Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood. Present study was carried out in Plant Protection Research Institute of Adana in 2010. In the study tomato plants were inoculated by M. javanica (1000 larva per plant) and resistance features of the genotypes were screened by classical method. Furthermore those tomato genotypes were screened for their resistance as susceptible, homozygot or heterozygote resistant by using REX-F1-REX-R2 and Mi23F-Mi23R specific primers According to the classical tests results the root-gall index values were determined as lower than 2 in resistant plants and higher than 2 in susceptible ones. Reproduction factors were observed 0 and more than1 in resistant and susceptible plants respectively. The data showed a clear correlation between classical screening and the used of DNA markers. It was concluded that those markers could be used in marker assisted selection for M. javanica resistance breeding

Molecular diagnosis of Globodera rostochiensis Wollenweber (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) in the potato growing areas of Aegean Region, Turkey [Ege Bölgesi patates alanlarinda Globodera rostochiensis Wollenweber, (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae)'in moleküler yöntemlerle saptanmasi]

DNA isolation was done by the 8 different cyst populations collected from the potato growing areas of Aegean Region (Turkey) between 2006-2008. As a result of Multiplex PCR conducted with species-specific primer, composing of band is observed in 435 bp as specific to Globodera rostochiensis Wollenweber (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae). By doing PCR with rDNA2 and rDNA1.58S primers of the same sample, as a consequence of cropping with Hinf l enzyme, in 233bp and 522bp band were confirmed as specific to G. rostochiensis. In this study, other potato cyst nematodes, Globodera pallida Stone, 1973 was not determined. Globodera rostochiensis was determined previously by using morphometric methods in Turkey. The identification of G. rostochiensis was confirmed by molecular methods with this study

Identification of Root knot nematode (Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden, O'Bannon, Santo et Finley, 1980) in potato in Bitlis Province, Turkey [Bitlis ili patates üretim alanlarinda Kök-ur nematodu (Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden, O'Bannon, Santo et Finley, 1980)'nun saptanmasi]

The root knot nematode (Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden, O'Bannon, Santo et Finley, 1980) is an important pest of potatoes throughout the world. It is in international quarantine list of many countries. This species was first reported in Nigde and Nevşehir in 2009 Turkey. The objective of the study was to identify the species of root-knot nematodes collected from potato fields in the province of Bitlis where potatoes are grown extensively in 2010. 16 potato tubers were found infected with the root knot nematode. Egg masses and females of root knot nematodes were obtained using binocular stereo microscope from the infected tubers. For the morphological identification of individuals, female vulva and second term juveniles were prepared. At the same time DNA was extracted from egg masses of nematodes and SCAR primers (JMV1, JMV2 and JMVhapla) were used in PCR. Specific SCAR fragment were obtained from the extracted DNA. The multiplex PCR reaction produced the 540 bp fragment for M. chitwoodi. Both the morphological and molecular methods showed that the samples were M. chitwoodi. This study was the first to show the existence of the species in Eastern Anatolian region. The species attacks potato tubers and make them unmarketable due to deformation, lowers the quality of potato chips and french fries for the processing industry

Effect of temperatures on incubation duration of Heterodera avenae Wollenweber (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) cysts and optimization of some materials and methods [Heterodera avenae Wollenweber (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) yumurtalarínín inkübasyonu üzerine sícaklí gín etkisi ile en uygun deneme yöntem ve materyallerinin araştírílmasí]

In this study, the effect of temperatures on the incubation duration of the cereal cyst nematode cysts, Heterodera avenae Wollenweber and determining of the optimum methods and materials was investigated under invitro conditions. The effect of tempratures on incubation duration of Heterodera avenae cysts was studied on two different incubation stages. First incubation exposured to all cysts was set up 66 days at 4°C after each samples transfered different temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25°C). The cumulative hatching percent was significantly effected by different temperatures at the end of 252 days. Hatching was greater at lower temperatures (5, 10 15 °C) compared to at higher temperatures of (20, 25°C) ranging between 46.7, 82.3 and 45.9 % vs and 30.7 and 19.0%, respectively. Although the highest cumulative hatching of 82.3% was obtained at a constant 10°C at 252 days, the lowest cumulative hatching of 19.0% was obtained to 25°C at 252 days. The most suitable soil type for the in-vitro conditions was found the sandy soil (70 % sand: 29% field soil: 1% organic matter), best inoculation rate was 2,5 second stage juveniles per gram soil and inoculation time at planting day

Screening of bottle gourds (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley) genotypes with rootstock potential for watermelon production for resistance against Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood and Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood [Karpuza anaçlik potansiyeli olan su kabagi (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley) genotiplerinin Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood ve Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood' ya karşi dayanikliliklarinin araitirilmasi]

Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley) has been used as rootstock for watermelon since 1920s. Present study was carried out in Plant Protection Research Institute of Adana in 2007-2008. In this study, resistance of 57 bottle gourds landraces collected from Mediterranean region of Turkey against Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood and Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood was investigated. It was found that all bottle gourds genotypes were susceptible to root-knot nematodes. Watermelon plants grafted onto bottle gourd rootstocks showed better plant growth performance and produced higher yield than ungrafted watermelon plants in field contaminated with root-knot nematodes. It was concluded that bottle gourds rootstocks were not directly resistant to nematodes but they can tolerate nematodes with their rapid growing ability at low soil temperature when nematodes are problem in the soil

Identification and genetic diversity of Meloidogyne Chitwoodiin potato production areas of Turkey

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) were first detected in Turkey during regional nematode surveys of potato fields of Nigde province. Twelve populations of Meloidogyne were collected and identified based on morphological characteristics as well as molecular methods including species-specific primers, confirming that all twelve populations were M. chitwoodi. To estimate genetic relationships among these twelve populations, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was done and the results were subjected to UPGM analysis. Analysis of 394 RAPD markers resulted in a similarity coefficient, ranging between 0.64 and 0.81 with a mean similarity of 0.72. The populations Mc3 and Mc4 displayed the greatest genetic similarity (81%). The lowest level of similarity (65%) was observed between Mc9 and Mc7. The large genetic variation among the M. chitwoodi populations indicates that multiple sources of inoculum might have been introduced to the region or that the populations formerly existed in these potato growing areas of Turkey

Molecular diagnosis of Globodera rostochiensis Wollenweber (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) in the potato growing areas of Aegean Region, Turkey [Ege Bölgesi patates alanlarinda Globodera rostochiensis Wollenweber, (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae)'in moleküler yöntemlerle saptanmasi]

DNA isolation was done by the 8 different cyst populations collected from the potato growing areas of Aegean Region (Turkey) between 2006-2008. As a result of Multiplex PCR conducted with species-specific primer, composing of band is observed in 435 bp as specific to Globodera rostochiensis Wollenweber (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae). By doing PCR with rDNA2 and rDNA1.58S primers of the same sample, as a consequence of cropping with Hinf l enzyme, in 233bp and 522bp band were confirmed as specific to G. rostochiensis. In this study, other potato cyst nematodes, Globodera pallida Stone, 1973 was not determined. Globodera rostochiensis was determined previously by using morphometric methods in Turkey. The identification of G. rostochiensis was confirmed by molecular methods with this study