An experimental study on geometric characteristics of beach erosion profiles

The beach profile and sediment transport are very important factors in the design of coastal structures, and the beach profile is mainly affected by a number of parameters, such as wave height and period, beach slope, and the material properties of the bed. In this study, considering wave height (H0=6.5, 11.5, 16, 20, 23, 26 and 30 cm), wave period (T=1.46 and 2.03 s), beach slope (m=1/10 and 1/15) and mean sediment diameter (d50=0.18, 0.26, 0.33 and 0.40 mm), an experimental investigation of coastal erosion profile (storm profile) was carried out in a wave flume using regular waves, and geometric characteristics of erosion profile were determined by the resultant erosion profile. Dimensional and non-dimensional equations were obtained by using linear and non-linear regression methods through the experimental data and were compared with previously developed equations in the literature. The results have shown that the experimental data fitted well to the proposed equations with respect to the previously developed equations. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Effects of straight groin parameters on amount of accretion

Various types of structures are used in shore protection and littoral sediment trapping. Groins are one of these structures. The main hydraulic function of the groin is to control the long shore current and littoral sediment transport. In this paper, the effects of various groin parameters (length and spacing) and wave parameters (wave height, wave period and wave angle) on the accretion of the area protected by straight groin were studied in a physical model. The model studies were performed using regular waves in a basin. A numerical model which depends primarily on a CERC model is employed to examine the effects of some of the above parameters. Good agreement was found in the results of physical and numerical models. The results of a numerical model are compared with field data that were obtained by deep sounding measurements at Çarşi{dotless}başi{dotless} coasts, Trabzon Province, Turkey. The important outcome from this study may be employed in designing of straight groins

The evaluation of Kurtbogazi{dotless} dam (Ankara, Turkey) from hydro-geochemical and environmental aspects

Kurtbogazi{dotless} Dam is one of the most significant sources of drinking water sources for Ankara City. In this study, hydro-geochemical properties and pollution sources of surface waters feeding into the dam are determined. In addition, important environmental problems such as squatter's houses and wastewater discharges within protection zones of watershed of the dam are defined and appropriate precautions are discussed. The long-term trend (1998-2007) in water quality results of the dam and the surface waters in the Kurtbogazi{dotless} watershed were studied, utilizing data provided by General Directorate of State Water Works (DSI). The results indicate that waters in the watershed can be classified as waters with calcium-bicarbonate. Due to the drought conditions experienced in recent years, the concentrations of the organic materials and nitrogen and phosphorus compounds in the surface waters have increased dramatically since 2005. It is thought that wastewaters discharged by the settlements within the watershed (especially Pazar Township) are responsible for these increases. Preventing wastewater discharges from the squatter's houses and agricultural activities on the absolute and the proximate zones of the watershed and the constructing of a sewerage and treatment plant are the first challenges for the protection of the watersheds. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009

Evaluating coastal scenery using fuzzy logic: Application at selected sites in Western Black Sea coastal region of Turkey

Coastal areas of the world are under treat due to the conflicting requirements of functions such as habitation and/or recreation, which affect the strategic asset of coastal scenery itself. Coastal managers, together with planners, need coastal landscape inventories, where the quality of coastal scenery is a part of the inventory. In order to provide an evidence-based approach for sound coastal management decisions, Ergin et al. (2004, 2006) developed a novel technique 'coastal scenic evaluation' (CSE), which addresses the evaluation of coastal scenery. The CSE technique utilizes fuzzy logic to derive values obtained from a checklist of 26 physical and human parameters. The methodology enables the calculation of an evaluation index (D), which categorizes the scenic values of coastal sites into five distinct classes. Using this technique, coastal scenic evaluations were carried out at 34 selected sites on the Western Black Sea coast of Turkey. Based on the calculated D values, a five-class differentiation was obtained for the selected sites, to provide baseline information for any envisaged subsequent management plans for these areas. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Estimation of the beach bar parameters using the genetic algorithms

Waves, topographic characteristics and material properties are the most significant factors, which affect the sediment movement and coastal profiles. In this study, considering the wave height (H0) and period (T), the bed slope (m) and the sediment diameter (d50), the cross-shore sediment movement is investigated using a physical model and obtained 80 experimental data for offshore bar geometric parameters. The experimental results are also evaluated by the genetic algorithms (GAs) that are limitedly employed in coastal engineering applications. The results of GAs model and equations cited in the literature are compared with the experimental results. It is concluded that estimates of bar parameters by the GAs give a better estimation performance with respect to other conventional methods. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Pirincipal component analysis of the annual precipitation of west black sea hydrological basin in Turkey

A hydrological regionalization of the Western Black Sea hydrological basin of Turkey is developed based on a multivariate analysis of precipitation records of the 18 (out of 40) meteorological stations from the periods 1929-2004. A regionalization of annual data is carried out using PCA. Precipitation series from 18 gauging stations were chosen to characterize climatic differences in the basin. The PCA indicated that there are 6 climatic regions in the basin. © by PSP Volume 18-No 5a. 2009

Total electricity and hydroelectric energy generation in Turkey: Projection and comparison

The main goal of this study is to forecast total electricity and hydroelectricity energy generation using historical electricity energy production data in order to determine the future level of electricity and hydroelectricity energy generation in Turkey. For this purpose, Turkey's electricity energy sector was reviewed during the period of 1940-2005. The total electricity and hydroelectricity energy generation were then modelled using historical energy generation data as years with regression analysis. Additionally, the portion that hydroelectric energy generation of Turkey has within total electricity energy production and probable meeting capacity of Turkey's hydroelectric potential of its future total demand was determined. According to the results, it is deduced that hydropower energy will have portion of 13.6% within the total electricity energy generation in 2030. In addition, it is concluded that the whole of Turkey's technical and economical hydroelectric energy potential that is equal 129.9 billion kWh will be used in the year of 2102 if the current trend continues. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Karadeniz Teknik ÜniversitesiThis study was supported by Karadeniz Technical University (Unit of Scientific Research Projects, KTU.2006.112.001.8)

Investigation of the effects of offshore breakwater parameters on sediment accumulation

Littoral sediment transport is the main reason for coastal erosion and accretion. Therefore, various types of structures are used in shore protection and littoral sediment trapping studies. Offshore breakwaters are one of these structures. Construction of offshore breakwaters is one of the main countermeasures against beach erosion. In this paper, offshore protection process is studied on the effect of offshore breakwater parameters (length, distance and gap), wave parameters (height, period and angle) and on sediment accumulation ratio, one researched in a physical model. In addition to the experimental studies, numerical model in which the formulae of the sediment discharge (i.e. the formulae of CERC and Kamphuis), was used was developed and employed. The results of the experimental and numerical studies were compared with each other. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Beach profile model with size-selective sediment transport. I: Laboratory experiment and sensitivity study

The response of physical models of beach profiles to random breaking waves was studied to investigate size-selective sediment transport and cross-shore profile evolution. Three types of beach profiles with different sediment mixtures were considered and subjected to waves until profiles reached equilibrium. Size-selective sediment transport was evident in the experiments, with the mean sediment size varying up to 20% along the beach profiles. Consistent coarsening and fining of the surface sediment in the experiments revealed size-selective sediment transport governed by cross-shore variations in energy dissipation, affecting important beach profile features such as sandbar structures and offshore and foreshore slopes. The theoretical basis of the transport phenomenon was described by analyzing the relationship between the transport processes and essential wave and hydrodynamic parameters obtained using a new set of numerical models. The results showed that beach profile changes and associated sediment grain sorting are most sensitive to instantaneous total water velocity and local energy flux under propagating waves. © 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers

Effects of T-shape groin parameters on beach accretion

The effects of various groin parameters (length, head length and opening) and wave parameters (wave height, wave period and wave angle) on the accretion of the area protected by T-shape groins are studied in a physical model. The model studies are performed using regular waves in a basin. A numerical model which depends primarily on a CERC model is employed to examine the effects of some of the above parameters. Good agreement is found in the results of physical and numerical models. The results of a numerical model are compared with field data obtained by deep sounding measurements at Of coasts, Trabzon Province, Turkey. The finding from this study may be employed in designing T-shape groins. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved