46 research outputs found
Exploring Hydride Formation in Stainless Steel Revisits Theory of Hydrogen Embrittlement
Various mechanisms have been proposed for hydrogen embrittlement, but the
causation of hydrogen-induced material degradation has remained unclear. This
work shows hydrogen embrittlement due to phase instability (decomposition).
In-situ diffraction measurements revealed metastable hydrides formed in
stainless steel, typically declared as a non-hydride forming material. Hydride
formation is possible by increasing the hydrogen chemical potential during
electrochemical charging and low defect formation energy of hydrogen
interstitials. Our findings demonstrate that hydrogen-induced material
degradation can only be understood if measured in situ and in real-time during
the embrittlement process.Comment: 31 Pages, 18 Figures, Preprin
Corneal melting after collagen cross-linking for keratoconus: a case report
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Corneal collagen cross-linking is a rather new technique that uses riboflavin and ultraviolet A light for collagen fiber stabilization in keratoconus corneas. Other than reversible side effects, the preliminary results of corneal collagen cross-linking studies suggest that it is a rather safe technique. In this report, we demonstrate a case of corneal melting after corneal collagen cross-linking for keratoconus corneas associated with an acute inflammatory response.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 23-year-old Caucasian man with keratoconus cornea stage 1 to 2 underwent uneventful corneal collagen cross-linking treatment according to the Dresden protocol. The next day the patient had intense photophobia, watering and redness of the eye, and his visual acuity was limited to counting fingers. Slit lamp biomicroscopy revealed severe corneal haze accompanied by non-specific endothelial precipitates following an acute inflammatory response. Mild inflammation could be detected in the anterior chamber. Moreover, the re-epithelialization process could barely be detected. His corneal state gradually deteriorated, resulting in descemetocele and finally perforation.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In this report, we present a case of a patient with corneal melting after standard corneal collagen cross-linking treatment for keratoconus corneas following an acute inflammatory response. Despite modifying postoperative treatment, elaboration of all apparent associated causes by the treating physicians and undergoing extensive laboratory testing, the patient developed descemetocele, which led to perforation. Our report suggests that further research is necessary regarding the safety of corneal collagen cross-linking in keratoconus corneas.</p
Characterization of 475°C Embrittlement of Duplex Stainless Steel Microstructure via Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy and Magnetic Force Microscopy
Probing propensity of grade 2205 duplex stainless steel towards atmospheric chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking
Effect of “475°C Embrittlement” on the Corrosion Behaviour of Grade 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Investigated Using Local Probing Techniques
Nickel fluoride as a surface activation agent for electroless nickel coating of anodized AA1050 aluminum alloy
Time-dependent in situ measurement of atmospheric corrosion rates of duplex stainless steel wires
Corrosion rates of strained grade UNS S32202 (2202) and UNS S32205 (2205) duplex stainless steel wires have been measured, in situ, using time-lapse X-ray computed tomography. Exposures to chloride-containing (MgCl2) atmospheric environments at 50 °C (12–15M Cl− and pH ~5) with different mechanical elastic and elastic/plastic loads were carried out over a period of 21 months. The corrosion rates for grade 2202 increased over time, showing selective dissolution with shallow corrosion sites, coalescing along the surface of the wire. Corrosion rates of grade 2205 decreased over time, showing both selective and pitting corrosion with more localised attack, growing preferentially in depth. The nucleation of stress corrosion cracking was observed in both wires