William Paley’in doğal teoloji’sinin yeniden ele alınışı: tasarım argümanlarından, zeki tasarıma bir analiz

The aim of this study is to analyze the arguments from design to intelligent design and to present the main philosophical aspects of design arguments. Without examining the conceptual background of design arguments, it is not possible to understand their roles in philosophy, theology and science. To this aim, first the philosophical usage of the argument is explained into three categories: argument from design, argument to design and intelligent design. Next, in order to provide a deeper analysis, William Paley’s Natural Theology in its closer relation of the natural sciences and theological discourse are examined. Lastly, through the philosophy and metaphysics of design, the framework of intelligent design is discussed. Consequently, the process of design arguments can be analyzed through the concept of intelligence rather than design in the history of philosophy since it is closely related to the religious and scientific way of understanding of nature. William Paley’s argument to design is, thus, a fragile point between the classical and contemporary versions of design arguments.Ph.D. - Doctoral Progra

Education as an Integration Process in Critical Thought

Education is not the fact that can be analyzed through looking insight of the process itself. Education is the fact that must be studied on the basis of contemporary needs and fast transformations of society and self satisfaction of individual, in related to the other facts such as knowledge, power, legitimacy, aesthetics, values, and technology usage. Philosophical, anthropological, and sociological arguments and critics will be useful to analyze education correctly in related to the other facts. In this study, anthropological and sociological functions of education, and arguments of critical philosophy about education are taken as the base. The relations of education to the other facts like power, hegemony, social tendencies, and arts, and the functions of education between social and individual are argued. The aim of the study is to emphasize and underlie that autonomous individual can improve within the education model which is based on contemporary values and useful for development of modern society, instead of contradiction of social values and individual needs. The other contribution of the study is to explain how to improve efficient education policies in order to achieve an educational model that can satisfy necessary improvement and existentialist needs of individual. Thus, education is considered within the framework of the critical approaches of thinkers like Lyotard, Foucault, Adorno, Althusser, Nietzsche, Kan