The effects of lipoic acid and methylprednisolone on nerve healing in rats with facial paralysis

Objective: To investigate the effects of lipoic acid and methylprednisolone on nerve healing in rats with traumatic facial paralysis. Materials and methods: The rats were randomly divided into four groups, with six rats in the control group and eight each in the remaining three groups. The buccal branch of the facial nerve in all groups except the control group was traumatized by a vascular clamp for 40 minutes. Group 1 was given lipoic acid (LA), Group 2 was given methylprednisolone (MP), and Group 3 was given lipoic acid and methylprednisolone (LA + MP) for one week. Nerve stimulus thresholds were measured before trauma, after trauma and at the end of the one week treatment period. Results: When the groups were compared with each other, post-treatment threshold levels of LA + MP were significantly lower than LA. Although post-treatment threshold levels of LA and MP were still higher than the control group, there was no significant difference between LA + MP and control values (p > .05). Conclusion: Lipoic acid has a positive effect on nerve healing and can enhance the effect of methylprednisolone treatment. It is a good alternative in cases where methylprednisolone cannot be used

Effects of Ovariectomy and Estrogen Replacement Therapy on Laryngeal Tissue: A Histopathological Experimental Animal Study

Objective. To determine the histopathological effect of estrogen deficiency and hormone replacement treatment on laryngeal tissue in ovariectomized rats. Study Design. Animal study. Setting. The study was conducted at the animal experiment laboratory of Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey. Subjects and Methods. Six-month-old female Wistar albino rats were divided into the following 3 groups (n = 8 per group): sham-operated control, ovariectomized, and ovariectomized with estrogen replacement. Rats in the ovariectomized with estrogen replacement group received 17 beta-estradiol valerate (200 mu g/kg, subcutaneously) once a week. Animals were killed after 8 weeks of intervention. Results. Significant changes were observed in the ovariectomized group when edema in lamina propria, inflammation in squamous, respiratory epithelia and lamina propria, pseudostratification, and cilia loss were assessed. Except cilia loss, there were no significant differences in the assessments between the sham-operated control and ovariectomized with estrogen replacement groups. Conclusions. On the basis of histopathological evaluations, it was shown that estrogen replacement helped to improve laryngeal changes due to experimentally induced menopause

Sıçanlarda deneysel alzheimer hastalığı modelinde farklı egzersiz yöntemlerinin kognitif fonksiyonlar üzerine etki mekanizmalarının incelenmesi

ÖZETAmaç: Deneysel Alzheimer hastalığı (AH) modelinde farklı egzersiz yöntemlerinin kognitif fonksiyonlara olan olası koruyucu etki mekanizmalarının araştırılması.Gereç ve Yöntem: Overektomi ve 6 hafta D-galaktoz (100 mg/kg, ip) uygulanarak Alzheimer benzeri model oluşturuldu. Overektomize+D-Galaktoz (OVT+D-GAL) ve taklit cerrahi grupları sedanter, aerobik, direnç veya kombine egzersiz olarak alt gruplara ayrıldı (n:8/grup). Aerobik egzersiz (AE) olarak günde 60dk. yüzme, direnç egzersiz (DE) olarak günde 8 set ağırlıkla merdiven çıkma, kombine egzersiz olarak (KE); dönüşümlü AE ve DE, 6 hafta ve haftada 3 gün yaptırıldı. Sinir Büyüme Faktörü (NGF), Beyin Kaynaklı Nörotrofik Faktör (BDNF), İnsülin Benzeri Büyüme Faktörü- I (IGF-I) ve Amiloid Prekürsör Protein (APP695) gen ekspresyonları yapıldı. Amiloid Beta (Aβ), NGF, BDNF ve IGF-I için immunohistokimya tekniği uygulandı. Kognitif fonksiyonlar ve beyin malondialdehit (MDA), glutatyon (GSH), lusigenin, nitrik oksit (NO) düzeyleri ve serum IGF-I düzeyleri ölçüldü.Bulgular: OVT+D-GAL sedanter grubunda azalan yeni obje ile geçirilen zaman egzersizlerle arttı (p<0,05-0,01). Serum IGF-I düzeyi egzersizlerle arttı (p<0,05-0,001). OVT+D-GAL sedanter’de azalan korteks NGF immunohistokimyasal skoru kombine egzersiz ile arttı (p<0,05).OVT+D-GAL sedanter’de artan APP mRNA düzeyi kombine egzersiz ile azaldı (p<0,05). OVT+D-GAL sedanter’de artan Aβ immunohistokimyasal skorları direnç ve kombine egzersiz ile azaldı (p<0,05). Beyin NO düzeyleri OVT+D-GAL gruplarında kontrollerine göre yüksekti (p<0,01). OVT+D-GAL sedanter’ de azalan GSH düzeyleri egzersizlerle arttı, artan MDA düzeyleri egzersizle azaldı (p<0,05).Sonuçlar: Sonuçlarımız farklı egzersiz modellerinin AH gelişim sürecinde oksidatif stresi azaltarak ve nöroplastisiteyi arttırarak yararlı olabileceğini göstermiştir.Anahtar Sözcükler: Alzheimer, Egzersiz, IGF-I, NGF, BDNFSUMMARYObjective: İnvestigate mechanisms of probable preventative effects of various exercise methods on cognitive functions in an experimental model of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD).Materials and Methods: D-galactose (100 mg/kg) or saline was administered by intraperitoneally to ovariectomised or sham-operated rats (n=8). Aerobic/1 hour/day (AE; swimming), resistance/8 climbing series (RE; climbing with weight on vertical ladder) and combined exercises (aerobic+resistance/alternately) (CE) were performed for 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Cognitif functions, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathion (GSH), lucigenin, NO levels of brain, circulating IGF-I (Elisa), hippocampal mRNA levels of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), Brain derived Neurotrophic factor (BDNF), IGF-I and Amyloid precursor protein APP695 (RT-PCR) were measured. İmmunocytochemical technique was applied for Amyloid Beta (Aβ), NGF, BDNF IGF-I.Findings: Decreased the time with the novel object of OVX+D-GAL sedentary group were increased by exercise (p<0,05-0,01). Serum IGF-I levels were increased by exercise (p<0,05-0,001). Decreased cortex NGF levels of OVX+D-GAL sedentary group were increased by combined exercises. APP mRNA levels increased in OVX+D-GAL sedentary group decreased via combined exercise, Increasing Aβ score in OVX+D-GAL sedentary were decreased by resistance and combined exercises (p<0,05). NO levels of OVX+D-GAL group were found to be higher (p<0,01). Descending GSH levels in OVX+D-GAL sedentary group were increased, increasing MDA levels were reduced by exercise (p<0,05).Results: We may propose that various exercise models are usefull in AH development stage by means of reducing oxidative stress and increasing neuroplasticity. Keywords: Alzheimer, Exercise, IGF-I, NGF, BDN

Evaluation of future anxiety and stress levels caused by COVID-19 on dentists

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı yeni tip korona virüs (COVID-19) hastalığının diş hekimleri üzerinde yarattığıgelecek kaygısı ve stres düzeyini incelemektir.Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışma “Google Form” aracılığı ile oluşturulan formlar aracılığı ile online olarak yürütüldü.Ülkemizde yaşayan özel ve/veya kamu kurumlarında diş hekimi olarak çalışan, 25-65 yaş arası kişiler çalışmayadahil edildi. Tüm katılımcılara; sosyodemografik ve klinik değerlendirme formu, Algılanan Stres Ölçeği (ASÖ)ve araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan gelecek ile ilgili kaygı düzeyini değerlendiren gelecek kaygısı formuuygulandı.Bulgular: Çalışmamıza 228 diş hekimi dahil edildi. 118 kişi (%52) kadın ve 110 kişi (%48) erkek idi. Katılımcılardan161 kişi (%70) evli iken 53 kişi (%23,24) bekardı. Bu kişilerden 77 kişi (%33,77) 25-35 yaş aralığında, 74 kişi(%32,40) 35-45 yaş aralığında idi. ASÖ’den aldıkları puan 40,92±8,68 iken gelecek kaygısının değerlendirildiğiformdan ise 114,18±33,19 olarak hesap edildi.Sonuç: Bulgularımız diş hekimlerinde COVID-19’a bağlı yüksek stres düzeyini ve gelecek kaygısını işaretetmektedir. Bu nedenle, salgın sürecinde diş hekimlerinin stres düzeylerini ve kaygılarını azaltacak önlemlerinalınması önerilmektedir.Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the future anxiety and stress level created by dentists on the_x000D_ novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic._x000D_ Material and methods: The study was carried out online using the forms created by "Google Form". People_x000D_ aged 25-65, working as dentists in private and/or public institutions living in our country, were included in the_x000D_ study. To all participants; sociodemographic and clinical evaluation form, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and_x000D_ future anxiety form evaluating the future anxiety level created by the researchers were applied._x000D_ Results: In total 228 dentists were included in our study. 118 people (52%) were female and 110 people (48%)_x000D_ were men. While 161 people (70%) of the participants were married, 53 people (23.24%) were single. Our study_x000D_ participants 77 (33.77%) were between the ages of 25-35 and 74 people (32.40%) were in the 35-45 age range._x000D_ While the score they received from PSS is 40.92±8.68, 114.18±33.19 was calculated from the form where future_x000D_ anxiety was evaluated._x000D_ Conclusions: Our findings point to the high stress level and future anxiety due to COVID-19 in dentists. For_x000D_ this reason, it is recommended to take measures to reduce the stress levels and anxiety of dentists during the_x000D_ epidemic process

Histopathological changes of parotid and larynx in hypothyroid rats: experimental study

Objectives In this study, we aimed to investigate the laryngeal and parotid histopathological alterations in rats with experimentally induced postnatal hypothyroidism. Materials and methods 200-300 g weighed Wistar albino rats were included in this study. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: group 1 is control and the other groups are experimental groups. Food and water were supplied ad libitum in group 1, no medication was administered. Propylthiouracil (PTU) was administered intraperitoneally for 15 days in group 2; for 30 days in group 3, for 45 days in group 4. The larynx and parotid glands of the rats were removed and intracardiac blood samples were collected for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) analysis under anesthesia (ketamine hydrochloride, 100 mg/kg) 24 h after the last PTU injection. The same procedures were done for the control group at day 46. Histopathological evaluation was done for all the specimens. Results While submucosal vascular dilatation was significantly higher in the experiment groups (p < 0.05), there was not a significant difference in lamina propria edema, inflammation, goblet cell loss, cilia loss between the groups in larynx specimens. In parotid gland specimens, serous asinus atrophy, stromal connective tissue increase were significantly higher in experiment groups (p < 0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference in nuclear morphology between control and experimental groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion The results of the study showed that hypothyroidism may have effect on inflammatory procedure by causing vascular dilation in larynx and serous asinus atrophy nucleus changes, connective tissue increase in stroma in parotid gland

Sıçanlarda deneysel alzheimer hastalığı modelinde farklı egzersiz yöntemlerinin kognitif fonksiyonlar üzerine etki mekanizmalarının incelenmesi

Amaç: Deneysel Alzheimer hastalığı (AH) modelinde farklı egzersiz yöntemlerinin kognitif fonksiyonlara olan olası koruyucu etki mekanizmalarının araştırılması. Gereç ve Yöntem: Overektomi ve 6 hafta D-galaktoz (100 mg/kg, ip) uygulanarak Alzheimer benzeri model oluşturuldu. Overektomize+D-Galaktoz (OVT+D-GAL) ve taklit cerrahi grupları sedanter, aerobik, direnç veya kombine egzersiz olarak alt gruplara ayrıldı (n:8/grup). Aerobik egzersiz (AE) olarak günde 60dk. yüzme, direnç egzersiz (DE) olarak günde 8 set ağırlıkla merdiven çıkma, kombine egzersiz olarak (KE); dönüşümlü AE ve DE, 6 hafta ve haftada 3 gün yaptırıldı. Sinir Büyüme Faktörü (NGF), Beyin Kaynaklı Nörotrofik Faktör (BDNF), İnsülin Benzeri Büyüme Faktörü- I (IGF-I) ve Amiloid Prekürsör Protein (APP695) gen ekspresyonları yapıldı. Amiloid Beta (Aβ), NGF, BDNF ve IGF-I için immunohistokimya tekniği uygulandı. Kognitif fonksiyonlar ve beyin malondialdehit (MDA), glutatyon (GSH), lusigenin, nitrik oksit (NO) düzeyleri ve serum IGF-I düzeyleri ölçüldü. Bulgular: OVT+D-GAL sedanter grubunda azalan yeni obje ile geçirilen zaman egzersizlerle arttı (p<0,05-0,01). Serum IGF-I düzeyi egzersizlerle arttı (p<0,05-0,001). OVT+D-GAL sedanter’de azalan korteks NGF immunohistokimyasal skoru kombine egzersiz ile arttı (p<0,05).OVT+D-GAL sedanter’de artan APP mRNA düzeyi kombine egzersiz ile azaldı (p<0,05). OVT+D-GAL sedanter’de artan Aβ immunohistokimyasal skorları direnç ve kombine egzersiz ile azaldı (p<0,05). Beyin NO düzeyleri OVT+D-GAL gruplarında kontrollerine göre yüksekti (p<0,01). OVT+D-GAL sedanter’ de azalan GSH düzeyleri egzersizlerle arttı, artan MDA düzeyleri egzersizle azaldı (p<0,05). Sonuçlar: Sonuçlarımız farklı egzersiz modellerinin AH gelişim sürecinde oksidatif stresi azaltarak ve nöroplastisiteyi arttırarak yararlı olabileceğini göstermiştir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Alzheimer, Egzersiz, IGF-I, NGF, BDNF SUMMARY Objective: İnvestigate mechanisms of probable preventative effects of various exercise methods on cognitive functions in an experimental model of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Materials and Methods: D-galactose (100 mg/kg) or saline was administered by intraperitoneally to ovariectomised or sham-operated rats (n=8). Aerobic/1 hour/day (AE; swimming), resistance/8 climbing series (RE; climbing with weight on vertical ladder) and combined exercises (aerobic+resistance/alternately) (CE) were performed for 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Cognitif functions, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathion (GSH), lucigenin, NO levels of brain, circulating IGF-I (Elisa), hippocampal mRNA levels of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), Brain derived Neurotrophic factor (BDNF), IGF-I and Amyloid precursor protein APP695 (RT-PCR) were measured. İmmunocytochemical technique was applied for Amyloid Beta (Aβ), NGF, BDNF IGF-I. Findings: Decreased the time with the novel object of OVX+D-GAL sedentary group were increased by exercise (p<0,05-0,01). Serum IGF-I levels were increased by exercise (p<0,05-0,001). Decreased cortex NGF levels of OVX+D-GAL sedentary group were increased by combined exercises. APP mRNA levels increased in OVX+D-GAL sedentary group decreased via combined exercise, Increasing Aβ score in OVX+D-GAL sedentary were decreased by resistance and combined exercises (p<0,05). NO levels of OVX+D-GAL group were found to be higher (p<0,01). Descending GSH levels in OVX+D-GAL sedentary group were increased, increasing MDA levels were reduced by exercise (p<0,05). Results: We may propose that various exercise models are usefull in AH development stage by means of reducing oxidative stress and increasing neuroplasticity. Keywords: Alzheimer, Exercise, IGF-I, NGF, BDN

Protective Effects of Origanum onites Essential Oil in the Methotrexate-Induced Rat Model: Role on Apoptosis and Hepatoxicity

Methotrexate (MTX) is an effective cytotoxic agent which is used to treat malignancies and inflammatory diseases. Origanum onites (O. onites) is found throughout the Eastern Mediterranean region and has been used in traditional medicine. The essential oils (EOs) of O. onites rich in highly bioactive phytochemicals such as carvacrol (CVR) and has antiviral, antioxidant, anticancer and proapoptotic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of CVR and O. onites-EO treatment in MTX-induced hepatorenal toxic rats' liver and kidney tissues. The bcl-2/bax ratio, glutathione (GSH) level, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of liver and kidney tissues were evaluated in the MTX-induced rat model. Results showed that the administration of CVR or O. onites-EO significantly increased bcl-2/bax expression and GSH levels as well as reduced MDA level and MPO activity in the kidney and liver tissues of MTX-induced rat model. In conclusion, our results suggest that O. onites-EO and CVR have protective effect in MTX-induced hepatorenal toxic rats' liver and kidney tissues by decreasing oxidative stress and apoptosis

Spectrochemical and biochemical assay comparison study of the healing effect of the Aloe vera and Hypericum perforatum loaded nanofiber dressings on diabetic wound

Diabetic wounds have a slow healing process and easy to be infected. In addition to current drug treatments, supportive approaches are needed for diabetic wound treatment. In this study, we aimed to load Aloe Vera (AV) and Hypericum perforatum oil (HPO) with PCL/Ge (Poly (e-caprolactone)/Gelatine) polymeric biodegradable by electrospinning method into nanofiber dressings on an experimental diabetic wound model to compare the diabetic wound healing effect. Changes in the amount and chemical structure of phospholipids, proteins, and lipids were investigated in the blood and serum samples of the animals using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. To evaluate biological events associated with the wound repair process in inflammatory phase we used oxidant and antioxidant status to determine the healing status of wounds such as Total antioxidant status (TAS), Total oxidant level (TOS) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels. TOS level increased in DM groups and decreased in the AV and HPO group. Oxidative stress index decreased and TNF-alpha level increased in the HPO group. FTIR spectra showed changes in the phospholipids, proteins, and carbon chain of lipids in the whole blood as well as serum of DM rats. FTIR spectra combined with Principal component analysis (PCA) showed, that treated DM rats by AV and HPO caused return chemical structure of blood and serum to this observed in control group. Higher similarity with control group for HPO rats was observed. HPO is better than AV in the alternative for healing on diabetic wound. Thus, we have demonstrated that IR spectroscopy and mul-tivariate data analysis and biochemical assays are consistent and correlative with each other. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

The effect of whey proteins on the brain and small intestine nitric oxide levels: protein profiles in methotrexate-induced oxidative stress

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of whey proteins on methotrexate (MTX)-induced brain and small intestine damage. Materials and Methods: 30 Sprague Dawley rats (200-300 g) were divided into four groups: Control, control + whey, MTX, and MTX+whey. MTX was administered at 20 mg/kg (single dose) intraperitoneally to the MTX group rats, and 2 mg/kg of whey protein were administered by oral gavage for 10 days to the whey groups. Lipid peroxidation, glutathione, and nitric oxide (NO) levels, as well as glutathione-Stransferase and superoxide dismutase activities were measured in the brain and small intestine. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the brain and intestine tissues were also carried out. Results: While MTX treatment caused oxidative damage in the brain and small intestine, whey protein administration ameliorated MTXinduced oxidative stress. MTX administration did not change the brain’s NO level, while an increase in intestinal NO level was detected. Conclusion: MTX induced oxidative stress in the brain and small intestine changed the protein metabolism in these tissues regardless of reduced food intake. Consecutive 10-day administration of whey proteins has shown its therapeutic effect on MTX-induced brain and small intestine oxidative damag

The Effects of Different Exercise Modalities in Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia. Increased oxidative stress, abnormal amyloid beta (A beta) accumulation, tau aggregation, neuroinflammation, neuronal plasticity failure, and neuronal loss are the main factors related to the pathophysiology of AD. Increasing evidence suggests that physical activity has a positive effect on both cognitive function and cellular pathologies of AD. It has been demonstrated that aerobic exercise (AE) increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes and synthesis of neurotrophic factors, decreases the levels of neuroinflammatory markers, and enhances the functions of learning and memory. It is also beneficial for the improvement of cell survival and upregulation of A beta clearance. AE has been shown to reduce the levels of soluble A beta(1-42) via an increase in enzyme activity, which is responsible for the upregulation of A beta clearance in brain tissues. It also represses apoptotic cascades such as the caspase-9, cytochrome c, Bax, and caspase-3 cascades. Although there are no clear data on the effects of resistance exercise (RE) on AD, only a small number of articles have studied the effects of RE on models of aging. In these studies, RE increased the serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), reduced oxidative stress in humans, and up-regulated the hippocampal expression of BDNF mRNA in animals. In addition, RE and AE therapies may help progress in daily activities and enhance physical ability in AD patients. Eventually, exercise therapy regimens may lead to more effective treatment options and slow the progression of AD without any side effects