Four dimensions characterize comprehensive trait judgments of faces

People readily attribute many traits to faces: some look beautiful, some competent, some aggressive. These snap judgments have important consequences in real life, ranging from success in political elections to decisions in courtroom sentencing. Modern psychological theories argue that the hundreds of different words people use to describe others from their faces are well captured by only two or three dimensions, such as valence and dominance, a highly influential framework that has been the basis for numerous studies in social and developmental psychology, social neuroscience, and in engineering applications. However, all prior work has used only a small number of words (12 to 18) to derive underlying dimensions, limiting conclusions to date. Here we employed deep neural networks to select a comprehensive set of 100 words that are representative of the trait words people use to describe faces, and to select a set of 100 faces. In two large-scale, preregistered studies we asked participants to rate the 100 faces on the 100 words (obtaining 2,850,000 ratings from 1,710 participants), and discovered a novel set of four psychological dimensions that best explain trait judgments of faces: warmth, competence, femininity, and youth. We reproduced these four dimensions across different regions around the world, in both aggregated and individual-level data. These results provide a new and most comprehensive characterization of face judgments, and reconcile prior work on face perception with work in social cognition and personality psychology

Disorder-free localization around the conduction band edge of crossing and kinked silicon nanowires

We explore ballistic regime quantum transport characteristics of oxide-embedded crossing and kinked silicon nanowires (NWs) within a large-scale empirical pseudopotential electronic structure framework, coupled to the Kubo-Greenwood transport analysis. A real-space wave function study is undertaken and the outcomes are interpreted together with the findings of ballistic transport calculations. This reveals that ballistic transport edge lies tens to hundreds of millielectron volts above the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, with a substantial number of localized states appearing in between, as well as above the former. We show that these localized states are not due to the oxide interface, but rather core silicon-derived. They manifest the wave nature of electrons brought to foreground by the reflections originating from NW junctions and bends. Hence, we show that the crossings and kinks of even ultraclean Si NWs possess a conduction band tail without a recourse to atomistic disorder.Comment: Published version, 7 pages, 9 figure

Distance education with Moodle in engineering education: online programming assignments compilation

The concept of distance education systems is a concept that applies to all levels of education, including universities. The use of distance education systems has increased considerably in universities today. M any faculties in many universities use distance education systems for their courses. The purpose of this paper is to design and develop a system that can be used to upload lecture notes and assignments online via the Internet, to do online exams, to provide a compilation control of all the assignments written, especially in the C programming language, by instructors who are primarily in the Engineering Department, then all instructors in the universities using the Moodle platform. Moreover, the aim of this paper is to design and develop a system in which the students primarily in the Engineering Department using the Moodle platform and then students in all the universities can follow the course contents, upload the assignments, and discuss their questions about the course with their instructors and their friends. As a result of this paper, a scheme is provided to easily compile, run and grade the programming assignments (source codes) given in the Programming courses using the Moodle website collected in a single place

Neutron star solutions in perturbative quadratic gravity

We study the structure of neutron stars in R+\beta\ R^{\mu \nu} R_{\mu \nu} gravity model with perturbative method. We obtain mass--radius relations for six representative equations of state (EoSs). We find that, for |\beta| ~ 10^11 cm^2, the results differ substantially from the results of general relativity. Some of the soft EoSs that are excluded within the framework of general relativity can be reconciled for certain values of \beta\ of this order with the 2 solar mass neutron star recently observed. For values of \beta\ greater than a few 10^11 cm^2 we find a new solution branch allowing highly massive neutron stars. By referring some recent observational constraints on the mass--radius relation we try to constrain the value of \beta\ for each EoS. The associated length scale \sqrt{\beta} ~ 10^6 cm is of the order of the typical radius of neutron stars implying that this is the smallest value we could find by using neutron stars as a probe. We thus conclude that the true value of \beta\ is most likely much smaller than 10^11 cm^2.Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures. v2: Analysis on validity of perturbative approach is added. References added. v3: Aesthetic improvement

Determination and Classification of Crew Productivity with Data Mining Methods

Turkey is a developing country and the main axis of development is “construction.” The construction sector is in a position to create demand for goods and services produced by more than 200 subsectors, and this widespread impact is the most basic indicator of the sector’s “locomotive of the economy.” In the development of the construction industry, crew productivity plays a very important role. While businesses that do not measure their employees’ needs, their locations, and so on are suffering from various losses, rare businesses that take these parameters into account can profit. The identification of leadership types that will motivate employees has great importance in terms of construction businesses where the human element is the foreground. For this purpose, in the province of Adana, the relationship of productivity between the engineers working in construction companies and workers who work at lower departments of these engineers was examined. In this study, bidirectional multiple leadership questionnaire (MLQ) was applied to construction site managers and employees, and according to this survey data, leadership and motivations/productivities were classified using data mining methods. According to the classification analysis results, the most successful data mining algorithm was random forest algorithm with a rate of 81.3725%

Determining optimum cutting ages including timber production and carbon sequestration benefits in Turkish Pine Plantations

This study presents the optimum cutting ages in Turkish pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) plantations including timber production and carbon sequestration values in Turkey. Four different growing spaces are considered. The study also evaluates the effects of different discount rates and carbon prices on the optimum cutting ages using net present value approach. The growth and yield curves, biomass equations and carbon conversion factors as well as forest plantation costs and timber assortments revenues for Turkish pine plantations are used to determine the optimum cutting ages. The results of the case study showed that the integration of carbon sequestration benefits into timber production increased the optimum cutting ages of Turkish pine plantations for each growing spaces in order to sequester more carbon. The optimum cutting ages decreased depending on the increase in discount rates. When carbon prices increased the optimum cutting ages also increased

Networks of silicon nanowires: a large-scale atomistic electronic structure analysis

Networks of silicon nanowires possess intriguing electronic properties surpassing the predictions based on quantum confinement of individual nanowires. Employing large-scale atomistic pseudopotential computations, as yet unexplored branched nanostructures are investigated in the subsystem level, as well as in full assembly. The end product is a simple but versatile expression for the bandgap and band edge alignments of multiply-crossing Si nanowires for various diameters, number of crossings, and wire orientations. Further progress along this line can potentially topple the bottom-up approach for Si nanowire networks to a top-down design by starting with functionality and leading to an enabling structure.Comment: Published version, 5+2 pages (including supplementary material