Developing a cost effective technology for the reuse of sewage treatment plant effluent

ÖZETATIKSU ARITMA TESİSİ ÇIKIŞ SUYU YENİDEN KULLANIMI İÇİN UYGUN MALİYETLİ TEKNOLOJİ GELİŞTİRİLMESİAktif çamura toz aktif karbonun ilave edilmesi sonucunda biyolojik arıtmanın veriminin arttığı ve arıtılmış atıksudaki refrakter organik bileşiklerin giderildiği gözlemlenmiştir. Diğer yandan, atıksudaki refrakter organik bileşiklerin ozonlanması ile daha fazla biyolojik olarak ayrışabilen organikler oluşturulmakta ve böylece organiklerin biyolojik olarak giderimi sağlanmaktadır.Bu çalışmanın amacı Paşaköy İleri Biyolojik Arıtma Tesisi çıkış suyunun yeniden kullanım amacıyla uygun maliyetli arıtma teknolojisinin geliştirilmesi idi. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, aktif çamurdaki toz aktif karbonun (PAC) adsorpsiyon kapasitesine dayalı toz aktif karbon (PAC) arıtma prosesi ve aktif çamurdaki çözünmüş organik maddelerin PAC’ın adsorpsiyon kapasitesi üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Çıkış suyunun biyolojik olarak ayrıştırılabilirliğini artırmak için ozon bir ön arıtma prosesi olarak kullanılmıştır. Paşaköy İleri Biyolojik Arıtma Tesisi çıkış suyunun biyolojik olarak ayrıştırılabilmesi için en uygun ozon dozu 50 mg/L olarak bulunmuştur. Hem K hem de 1/n değerleri, organik maddenin aktif karbona ozonlanmamış suda daha kuvvetli tutunduğunu göstermiştir. Buharla aktive edilmiş odun kömürü temelli Norit SAE Süper toz aktif karbonun, en iyi adsorpsiyon yoğunluğuna ve en kuvvetli adsorpsiyon bağına sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Toz aktif karbon ve toz aktif karbon+aktif çamur sistemleri için hem ham çıkış suyunda hem de ön ozonlanmış çıkış suyunda benzer DOC, BOD5 ve UV254 absorbans giderimleri elde edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar Paşaköy İleri Biyolojik Arıtma Tesisi çıkış suyunun yeniden kullanımı için en uygun maliyetli arıtma yönteminin ön ozonlama yapmadan toz aktif karbon adsorpsiyonu prosesi olduğunu göstermiştir.ABSTRACTDEVELOPING A COST EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR THE REUSE OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT EFFLUENTAdding powdered activated carbon to activated sludge is demonstrated to improve biological treatment and remove refractory organic compounds of treated wastewater. On the other hand, ozonation of refractory organic compounds in wastewater usually produces more biodegradable organics, thus, it improves the removal of the organics biologically. The purpose of this study was to develop a cost effective technology for further treatment of Paşaköy Advanced Biological Treatment Plant (PABTP) effluent for reuse purposes. To serve this purpose, powdered activated carbon (PAC) treatment process based on adsorption capacity of PAC in activated sludge (AS) and the effect of dissolved organic substances in activated sludge on the adsorption capacity of PAC were investigated in this context. Ozone was used as a pretreatment process to increase the biodegradability of effluent. The 50 mg/L of applied ozone dosage was found to be optimum for efficient biodegradability increment for PABTP effluent. Both for K and 1/n values showed that the organic matter in raw effluent was more adsorbable onto activated carbon. Steam activated peat/wood based Norit SAE Super had shown the best adsorption intensity and strongest adsorption bond. DOC, BOD5 and UV254 absorbance reductions were nearly the same for both raw and preozonated effluents in the PAC and PAC+AS systems. The results suggest that the most cost effective treatment option for the reuse of PABTP effluent is powdered activated carbon adsorption without preozonation

Anticholinesterase activities from aqueous extract of different plant parts of Erica manipuliflora

Erica species are generally spread along the coasts of Turkey. There are five Erica species in these regions, namely; E. arborea, E. manipuliflora, E, bocquetii, E. sicula subsp. Libanotica and E. spiculifolia salisb. Among these species, E. manipuliflora is commonly found in Muğla and southwest part of Turkey. Erica species are called as "funda", "püren" or "tree heath" locally in Turkey and contain biologically active compounds such as flavonoids, coumarins and triterpenoids. Since ancient times, these species have been used as herbal tea and folk medicine by local people in Turkey. In folk medicine, they are used for diuretic, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory purposes. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is useful for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In this study anticholinesterase activity of aqueous extracts of leaves, flowers and aerial parts of E. manipuliflora have been investigated spectrophotometrically. The aerial parts extract of E. manipuliflora among the extracts (70.10%) showed the best inhibitory activity against AChE enzyme at 200 µg/mL concentrations. The extracts of leaves and flowers showed 44.42%, 49.91% inhibitions against acetylcholinesterase enzyme at 200 µg/mL concentrations respectively.The flowers extract of E. manipuliflora (80.41%) exhibited the best BChE inhibitory activity at 200 µg/mL concentrations. At the same concentration, the galantamine showed 82.23% inhibitory activity. Leaves and aerial parts extracts showed 15,75%, 31.62% inhibitory activity against BChE respectively. Hence, aerial parts of E. manipuliflora may be useful as a moderate anticholinesterase agent, and flowers of E. manipuliflora may be useful as the butyrylcholinesterase agent