The Rise of Ride Sharing in Urban Transport: Threat or Opportunity?

Recently, the ride-sharing services have become very popular in urban transport. In particular, the rise of dynamic ride sharing startups have challenged to the traditional taxicab services. Although those dynamic developments within urban transport systems have made ride share services substitute for cab services, it has been controversial in the political sphere. Some researchers and policy makers argue that ride-share will lead to the death of public transportation, if government does not intervene in this area. However, market developments suggest the opposite. While competition between those urban transport modes has led to the dramatic decline in taxi fares, consumer welfare and economic efficiency have improved. Examining the rise of ride sharing and its effect on the traditional taxicab market, this chapter concludes that ride share services introduces a unique opportunity for the users of urban transport, but not threat. However, a mixed regulatory structure including deregulation and regulation policies is needed to improve market welfare in both markets. While economic regulations such as fare controls and entry restrictions are not necessary for both ride shares and taxicabs, social regulations are still crucial to improve the satisfaction of users of rideshare and taxicab services in terms of the quality of service

İktisadi Etkinlik Üzerine Bir Deneme: X Etkinlik Yaklaşımı

Economics has used Neoclassical-Pareto Efficiency Theory as economic efficiency for a long time. However, this theory is not sufficient to explain the (in) efficiencies of the real economic activity. Although some approaches have introduced against the conventional theory, a more general and comprehensive explanation on efficiency is that engaged by modern economic theory has not yet been in force. The dimensions of ongoing controversy has reached from X (in) efficiency approach to the modern theories of the firm. Departing X (in) efficiency approach, the aim of this essay is to study the sources of efficiency existing in the real economic life and to model its determinants within today’s market relations.İktisat, uzun yıllar boyunca iktisadi etkinlik olarak Neoklasik-Pareto etkinlik teorisini kullanmıştır. İktisadi hayatın etkinliğini-etkisizliğini açıklamaya yeterli olmayan bu görüşe karşı bazı yaklaşımlar getirilmesine karşın, halihazırda modern iktisat teorisinin kullanmış olduğu genel ve kapsayıcı bir iktisadi etkinlik tanımlaması yapılamamıştır. İktisadi etkinlik üzerine devam eden tartışmanın boyutları, X etkinlik yaklaşımından, modern firma teorilerine kadar uzanmaktadır. Bu deneme, X etkinlik teorisinden yola çıkarak, gerçek iktisadi hayatta var olan etkinsizlik kaynaklarını irdelemeyi ve iktisadi etkinliğin, günümüz piyasa ilişkilerindeki belirleyicilerini modellemeyi hedeflemektedir

İktisadi Etkinlik Üzerine Bir Deneme: X Etkinlik Yaklaşımı

Economics has used Neoclassical-Pareto Efficiency Theory as economic efficiency for a long time. However, this theory is not sufficient to explain the (in) efficiencies of the real economic activity. Although some approaches have introduced against the conventional theory, a more general and comprehensive explanation on efficiency is that engaged by modern economic theory has not yet been in force. The dimensions of ongoing controversy has reached from X (in) efficiency approach to the modern theories of the firm. Departing X (in) efficiency approach, the aim of this essay is to study the sources of efficiency existing in the real economic life and to model its determinants within today’s market relations.İktisat, uzun yıllar boyunca iktisadi etkinlik olarak Neoklasik-Pareto etkinlik teorisini kullanmıştır. İktisadi hayatın etkinliğini-etkisizliğini açıklamaya yeterli olmayan bu görüşe karşı bazı yaklaşımlar getirilmesine karşın, halihazırda modern iktisat teorisinin kullanmış olduğu genel ve kapsayıcı bir iktisadi etkinlik tanımlaması yapılamamıştır. İktisadi etkinlik üzerine devam eden tartışmanın boyutları, X etkinlik yaklaşımından, modern firma teorilerine kadar uzanmaktadır. Bu deneme, X etkinlik teorisinden yola çıkarak, gerçek iktisadi hayatta var olan etkinsizlik kaynaklarını irdelemeyi ve iktisadi etkinliğin, günümüz piyasa ilişkilerindeki belirleyicilerini modellemeyi hedeflemektedir

Transition to the regulatory state in Turkey: Lessons from energy

Bu çalışma, 03-05 Haziran 2010 tarihleri arasında Atlanta[Amerika Birleşik Devletleri]’da düzenlenen Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Evolutionary-Economics’da bildiri olarak sunulmuştur.Turkey has recently reshaped its own institutional structure by establishing Independent Regulatory Agencies (IRAs). However, the political authority has not desired to delegate the political property rights to IRAs. Although IRAs is de jure established, the political conflicts occuring during the evolution of the traditional-patrimonial state to the regulatory state de facto impede IRAs to institutionalize. This paper observes recent policy changes during the transition and lessons from the energy regulation in Turkey. So, the paper reveals whether the change in the regulatory institutional structure of Turkey is an effective policy in terms of transition to the institutions of capitalism

Investigating the effect of premenstrual syndrome in high school students doing regular sports

Present study was aimed to investigate the effect of regular exercise on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in high school students.  A total of 252 high school students who involved in regularly (n = 117) and sedentary students (n = 135) participated in the study. The personal information form was used to determine the age group and sports status of the participants and the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS) developed by Gençdoğan (2006) consisting of 44 questions was used to determine the premenstrual syndrome levels. Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis H tests were used in SPSS 22.0 program for statistical analysis of data obtained. At the end of the study, the level of PMS was found to be significantly higher in the sedentary students compared to the students who participated regularly in sports (p <0.05). When handled according to age group variable, it was found out the students who regularly in sports did not show any statistically significant difference in depressive affection, anxiety, fatigue, nervousness, depressive thoughts, pain, bloating, appetite changes and PMS total syndrome levels (p> 0.05). In the sedentary students, depressive affection and anxiety subscales were found to be statistically significant in favor of students in the age group of 17 years (p <0.05).As a result, it is possible to say that the participation in sports in high school students  has a positive contribution to PMS, while the age factor holds a significant effect on the symptoms on PMS

Behavior of HepG2 liver cancer cells using microfluidic-microscopy: a preliminary study

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common types of liver cancer causing death all over the world. Although early-stage liver cancer can sometimes be treated with partial hepatectomy, liver transplantation, ablation, and embolization, sorafenib treatment is the only approved systemic therapy for advanced HCC. The aim of this research is to develop tools and methods to understand the individuality of hepatocellular carcinoma. Microfluidic cell-culture platform has been developed to observe behavior of single-cells; fluorescence microscopy has been implemented to investigate phenotypic changes of cells. Our preliminary data proved high-level heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma while verifying limited growth of liver cancer cell lines on the silicon wafer

The long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children with ADHD in terms of participation, support, and barriers at home

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on participation, support, and barriers at home in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and without ADHD. Design and methods: This study included a total of 227 participants with a mean age of 11.93 ± 2.96 years, comprising 116 children and adolescents with ADHD and 111 without ADHD. The parents or primary caregivers of all the children completed the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM-CY), which was used to assess participation and environmental factors in the home. The Student's t-test was used to compare numeric data and Chi-square test to categorical data between children and adolescents with ADHD and those without ADHD in all three settings. Results: The children with ADHD were determined to play computer and video games significantly more than children without ADHD (p < 0.001). The mean frequency of participation in arts, crafts, music, hobbies (p < 0.001), school preparation (<0.0001), and homework (<0.003) was significantly higher in children without ADHD. A moderate effect size (ϕ = 0.42) was determined in respect of cognitive demands making it more difficult for children with ADHD to participate in home activities than children without ADHD. Conclusions: Children with ADHD were negatively affected in terms of participating in home activities than their typically developing peers. In addition, cognitive demands prevented their participation and involvement in the home environment while cognitive demands were a support for non-ADHD children. Practical implications: A highlight of this research was the comprehensive investigation of the long-term effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on participation in all activities at home, in addition to the support and barriers in the home environment for children with ADHD compared to typically developing peers

FIRTINA VADİSİ (ÇAMLIHEMŞİN, RİZE) Buxus sempervırens L. TOPLUMLARININ YAYILIŞ GÖSTERDİĞİ ALANLARIN KARAYOSUNU (MUSCI) FLORASI

Kaçkar Dağları’nın kuzey yamaçlarında yer alan Fırtına Vadisi’nde Buxus sempervirens L.’in saf veya diğer bazı odunsu taksonlarla oluşturduğu meşcerelerdeki karayosunu (musci) florası araştırılmıştır. 2005 yılı Haziran ve Ağustos aylarında toplanan karayosunu örneklerinin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda 18 familya ve 34 cinse ait 47 takson tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma alanında bulunan karayosunlarından 6 tanesi ( Tetraphis pellucida Hedw., Dicranoweisia crispula (Hedw.) Milde, Dicranodontium denudatum (Brid.) E.Britton var. denudatum, Oncophorus virens (Hedw.) Brid., Pseudoleskeella nervosa (Brid.) Nyholm, Eurhynchium schleicheri (R.Hedw.) Jur.) Henderson (1961) tarafından uygulanan Türkiye kareleme sistemine göre A4 karesi için yeni kayıttır. Araştırma alanında içerdiği takson sayısı en yüksek olan ilk 5 familya; Dicranaceae (7), Hypnaceae (6), Brachytheciaceae (5), Mniaceae (5), Polytrichaceae (4) dir. İçerdiği takson sayısı en yüksek olan cinsler ise Plagiomnium (4), Polytrichum (3), Hypnum (3) dur. Araştırma alanından toplanan karayosunu örneklerinin yaşam formları, tercih ettikleri substrat ve nemlilik gibi ekolojik özellikleri Dierßen (2001)’e göre ve yaşam formlarına ait bilgiler de Mägdefrau (1982)’ye göre düzenlenmiş olup, bu bilgilerin ışığında taksonların ekolojik tercihleri ele alınmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Fırtına Vadisi, Buxus sempervirens, Karayosunu florası, Rize

Liver abscess due to Yersinia bacteremia in a well-controlled type I diabetic patient

Yersiniae enterocolitica, a gram negative rod-like organism, causes terminal ileitis and mesenteric adenitis in adolescents and adults. Some forms present with liver and spleen abscesses and have worse prognosis. We report a type 1 diabetic patient with a liver abscess mimicking metastatic liver disease who was successfully treated with percutaneous drainage and antibiotic administration; culture from blood was positive for Yersinia enterocolitica, but drainage material from the liver abscess did not yield a positive result for Yersinia enterocolitica. Although the prognosis is not good in such cases, with high mortality rates, our patient recovered from the disease with appropriate treatment. (Pol J Endocrinol 2011; 62 (4): 357&#8211;360)Gram-ujemna pałeczka Yersiniae enterocolitica powoduje zapalenie końcowego odcinka jelita cienkiego i zapalenie węzłów chłonnych krezki u młodzieży i dorosłych. Czasami obserwuje się przypadki ropni wątroby lub śledziony, które wiążą się z gorszym rokowaniem. Autorzy opisują przypadek chorego na cukrzycę typu 1 z ropniem wątroby imitującym guz przerzutowy wątroby, u którego zastosowano skuteczne leczenie obejmujące drenaż przezskórny i antybiotykoterapię. W posiewie krwi wyhodowano Yersinia Enterocolitica, jednak z treści uzyskanej w wyniku drenażu ropnia nie uzyskano potwierdzenia obecności tych bakterii. Mimo że w takich przypadkach rokowanie jest niepomyślne i notuje się wysoki odsetek zgonów, dzięki odpowiedniemu leczeniu pacjent powrócił do zdrowia. (Endokrynol Pol 2011; 62 (4): 357&#8211;360

Examination of the Relationship between Umbilical Cord Blood Gas Values and Hearing Function in Neonates

Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between the results of the transient otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) test used in neonatal hearing screening and the results of the umbilical cord blood (UCB) analysis in neonates.Methods: This retrospective study included 209 neonates born in the obstetric unit at the 37th gestational week. Based on the results of the TEOAE test, the neonates included in the study were divided into two groups as the study group composed of those “REFER” (n=141) and the control group consisting those “PASS” (n=68) the test. The UCB sampling procedure was performed on all neonates. In the blood samples, the pH parameters were evaluated by using glass electrodes, and the pCO2 and pO2 parameters were evaluated directly by using sensitive electrodes.Results: When the additional maternal diseases were compared with the TEOAE results, the ratio of hypothyroidism was found to be statistically higher in the study group (p0.05).Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the results of UCB analysis and the TEOAE test. However, we believe that conducting a larger study evaluating other parameters and employing UCB analysis would be useful, and UCB evaluation, which is an inexpensive, easy and effective method in determining hypoxia in neonates, might be a significant marker in cases at risk of hearing loss