Association of SNAP-25 gene Ddel and Mnll Polymorphisms with adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Objective The synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) gene is a presynaptic plasma membrane protein and an integral component of the vesicle docking and fusion machinery mediating secretion of neurotransmitters. Previously, several studies reported association between SNAP-25 and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We investigated whether these SNAP-25 polymorphisms (MnlI T/G and DdelI T/C) were also associated with ADHD in the Turkish population. Methods: Our study comprised unrelated 139 subjects who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and 73 controls and all were of Turkish origin. Genetic analyses were performed and patients were evaluated with Wender-Utah Rating Scale and Adult ADD/ADHD DSM IV-Based Diagnostic Screening and Rating Scale. Results: SNAP-25 DdelI polymorphism was not associated with ADHD but there was a statistically significant difference between ADHD patients and controls for SNAP-25 MnlI polymorphism. For SNAP-25 MnlI polymorphism patients with G/G genotype of the SNAP-25 gene MnlI polymorphism had higher Wender-Utah scores and higher scores in the 1st and 3rd parts of adult ADD/ADHD Scale. Conclusion: We detected a significant association of the MnlI polymorphism in our ADHD sample which was similar to previous findings. Our study also revealed that SNAP-25 MnlI polymorphism was also associated with symptom severity of ADHD. This study is also, the first report on the association of SNAP-25 with ADHD in the Turkish population. © 2014 Korean Neuropsychiatric Association

Chemical and physical changes in cottonseed oil during deodorization

The effects of deodorization time and temperature on the physical and chemical properties of cottonseed oil were investigated. Higher temperatures and longer times lead to increases in free fatty acids, peroxide value, viscosity and refractive index while iodine value, unsaponifiable matter and induction period decreased. © 1992 American Oil Chemists' Society

The assessment of behavior problems, educational success and peer relationships, in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate behavior problems, educational success and peer-relations of children with attention deficit hyperactivity and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder. Method: The study involved children between the ages of 6 to 11 with ADHD and ADHD+ODD diagnosis on the basis of DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. They were seeking medical treatment for the first time at the child psychiatry polyclinic of DEU Faculty of Medicine. The ADHD group and the ADHD+ODD group included respectively 21 and 26 boys, while there were 27 boys in the control group comprising healthy volunteers. The children's mothers were given short questionnaire enquiring demographic information. The children's mothers filled in the child behavior check lists (CBCL) for children and adolescents between the ages of 4-18 and the parents filled in the forms of DSM-IV based behavior disorders screening and rating scale for lack of attention and disruptive behavior disorders, and the teachers filled in a brief form of Conner's Teacher Rating Scale. Findings: The children with ADHD+ODD had significantly higher anxious-depressed scores compared to children with ADHD and controls. In addition, the anxious-depressed scores of children with ADHD had significantly higher scores from controls. Although there were no significantly differences between ADHD group and ADHD+ODD group in social problems, both ADHD and ADHD+ODD groups had significantly higher scores as compared to controls in social problems. Both ADHD and ADHD+ODD groups demonstrated significantly higher problems in peer relationships and educational success as compared to controls. Discussion and Conclusion: This study demonstrated that, the children with ADHD and ADHD+ODD demonstrated more anxiety/mood problems. In addition to psychopharmacologic treatment, psychotherapeutic approaches should have an important place in the treatment of these disorders